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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 4/2010

01-05-2010

Competing Core Processes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Do Working Memory Deficiencies Underlie Behavioral Inhibition Deficits?

Auteurs: R. Matt Alderson, Mark D. Rapport, Kristen L. Hudec, Dustin E. Sarver, Michael J. Kofler

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2010

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Abstract

The current study examined competing predictions of the working memory and behavioral inhibition models of ADHD. Behavioral inhibition was measured using a conventional stop-signal task, and central executive, phonological, and visuospatial working memory components (Baddeley 2007) were assessed in 14 children with ADHD and 13 typically developing (TD) children. Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that the visuospatial working memory system and central executive both mediated the relationship between group membership (ADHD, TD) and stop-signal task performance. Conversely, stop-signal task performance mediated the relationship between group membership and central executive processes, but was unable to account for the phonological and visuospatial storage/rehearsal deficits consistently found in children with ADHD. Comparison of effect size estimates for both models suggested that working memory deficits may underlie impaired stop-signal task performance in children with ADHD. The current findings therefore challenge existing models of ADHD that describe behavioral inhibition as a core deficit of the disorder.
vorige artikel Toddlers’ Temperament Profiles: Stability and Relations to Negative and Positive Parenting
volgende artikel Direct and Indirect Measures of Social Perception, Behavior, and Emotional Functioning in Children with Asperger’s Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disability, or ADHD
Voetnoten
1
Lee et al. (2004) tested the divergent predictions of the working memory (Rapport et al. 2008b) and inhibition (Barkley 2006) models of ADHD, and found that working memory mediated the relationship between cognitive disinhibition and teacher-reported attention problems. The distinction between cognitive and behavioral inhibition, however, is well documented and suggests that these findings may only generalize to a select component of the inhibition model (Nigg 2001).
 
2
One typically developing child had elevated parent ratings on three CBCL scales. K-SADS interview with parent and child revealed that these endorsements were highly specific to a recent parent-child interaction. CSI—Parent severity scores for this child were in the normal range.
 
3
SSRT is unobservable and obtained by subtracting participants’ mean SSD from MRT (SSRT=MRT-SSD).
 
4
All mediation analyses were also completed with age as a covariate. Only the simple models without covariates were reported, however, since the pattern of results did not change.
 
5
All mediation analyses were also examined with the conventional method outlined by Baron and Kenney (1986). The overall pattern of results did not change. The VS composite score and CE fully mediated SSRT, while SSRT only partially mediated the VS composite score and CE.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Competing Core Processes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Do Working Memory Deficiencies Underlie Behavioral Inhibition Deficits?
Auteurs
R. Matt Alderson
Mark D. Rapport
Kristen L. Hudec
Dustin E. Sarver
Michael J. Kofler
Publicatiedatum
01-05-2010
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2010
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9387-0

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