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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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01-10-2007

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Behavioral Inhibition: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Stop-signal Paradigm

Auteurs: R. Matt Alderson, Mark D. Rapport, Michael J. Kofler

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 5/2007

Abstract

Deficient behavioral inhibition (BI) processes are considered a core feature of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This meta-analytic review is the first to examine the potential influence of a wide range of subject and task variable moderator effects on BI processes—assessed by the stop-signal paradigm—in children with ADHD relative to typically developing children. Results revealed significantly slower mean reaction time (MRT), greater reaction time variability (SDRT), and slower stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) in children with ADHD relative to controls. The non-significant between-group stop-signal delay (SSD) metric, however, suggests that stop-signal reaction time differences reflect a more generalized deficit in attention/cognitive processing rather than behavioral inhibition. Several subject and task variables served as significant moderators for children’s mean reaction time.

vorige artikel Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes

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Updated meta-analytic reviews frequently exclude studies that were recently reviewed based on a confirmatory approach (i.e., to determine whether ES differences of similar magnitude emerge based on the more recent and different series of studies). The current review includes all published studies to enable a broader moderator analysis and to confirm the SSD effect reported by Lijffijt et al. (2005) after controlling for methodological limitations.

Task duration could not be estimated directly owing to insufficient details reported by the studies.

Relatively few studies included children with comorbid disorders or other ADHD subtypes, and Lijffijt et al. (2005) reported that co-morbidity with ODD/CD was not a significant moderator for any of the three BI metrics.

A listing of excluded studies is available from the author.

One study included a second experiment that examined stop-signal performance in adults (Schachar and Logan 1990). Stop-signal performance for both medicated and unmedicated children were reported in one study (Aman et al. 1998), and only the unmedicated participant results were included in the review. One study included a second condition with unconventional stop-signal delays (Rubia et al. 1998). Another study reported three additional conditions that examined the effects of reinforcement and repetition (Konrad et al. 2000a). Finally, emotional regulation was examined by means of a separate experimental condition in one study (Walcott and Landau 2004).

Excluded studies available from author.

The Q _B and Q _W analog to ANOVA technique reported in many meta-analytic reviews was not used for primary analyses because it inflates Type I error when used with several moderator variables—see Lipsey and Wilson (2001), for details.

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Titel: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Behavioral Inhibition: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Stop-signal Paradigm
Auteurs: R. Matt Alderson
Mark D. Rapport
Michael J. Kofler
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2007
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 5/2007
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9131-6

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