Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 4/2011

01-04-2011 | original paper

Knowledge and Attitude of General Practitioners Regarding Autism in Karachi, Pakistan

Auteurs: Mohammad Hossein Rahbar, Khalid Ibrahim, Parisa Assassi

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 4/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

General practitioners (GPs) could have an important role in early diagnosis of autism. There have been no studies evaluating the knowledge of GPs regarding autism in Pakistan. We aimed to fill that gap by assessing knowledge and attitude of GPs in Karachi regarding autism. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 348 GPs; only 148 (44.6%) had heard of “autism.” Our results show that GPs less than 30 years of age and those who obtained their Medical Degree in the last 5 years are more likely to report knowledge about autism: OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.71, 5.31, and OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.42, respectively. In addition, among those reporting knowledge about autism, many held misconceptions regarding the signs and symptoms and etiology.
Literatuur
go back to reference Ahmed, S., Salih, M., Jafri, W., Ali Shah, H., & Hamid, S. (2009). Helicobacter pylori infection: Approach of primary care physicians in a developing country. BMC Gastroenterology, 9, 23.PubMedCrossRef Ahmed, S., Salih, M., Jafri, W., Ali Shah, H., & Hamid, S. (2009). Helicobacter pylori infection: Approach of primary care physicians in a developing country. BMC Gastroenterology, 9, 23.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ashwell, G. (2009). Autism and Asperger’s syndrome. InnovAiT, 2, 651–656.CrossRef Ashwell, G. (2009). Autism and Asperger’s syndrome. InnovAiT, 2, 651–656.CrossRef
go back to reference Aziz, A., Kazi, A., Jahangeer, A., & Fatmi, Z. (2006). Knowledge and skills in community oriented medical education (COME) self-ratings of medical undergraduates in Karachi. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56, 313–317. Aziz, A., Kazi, A., Jahangeer, A., & Fatmi, Z. (2006). Knowledge and skills in community oriented medical education (COME) self-ratings of medical undergraduates in Karachi. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 56, 313–317.
go back to reference Baig, L. A., Akram, D. S., & Ali, S. K. (2006). Development of the community-oriented medical education curriculum of Pakistan: A case report on the national initiative on curriculum development. Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice, 19, 223–228.CrossRef Baig, L. A., Akram, D. S., & Ali, S. K. (2006). Development of the community-oriented medical education curriculum of Pakistan: A case report on the national initiative on curriculum development. Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice, 19, 223–228.CrossRef
go back to reference Barbaresi, W. J., Katusic, S. K., & Voigt, R. G. (2006). Autism: A review of the state of the science for pediatric primary health care clinicians. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 160, 1167–1175.PubMedCrossRef Barbaresi, W. J., Katusic, S. K., & Voigt, R. G. (2006). Autism: A review of the state of the science for pediatric primary health care clinicians. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 160, 1167–1175.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 56, 12–28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders-autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 56, 12–28.
go back to reference Committee on Children With Disabilities. (2001). The pediatrician’s role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics, 107, 1221–1226.CrossRef Committee on Children With Disabilities. (2001). The pediatrician’s role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics, 107, 1221–1226.CrossRef
go back to reference Dabas, P., Agarwal, C. M., Kumar, R., Taneja, D. K., Ingle, G. K., & Saha, R. (2005). Knowledge of general public and health professionals about tetanus immunization. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72, 1035–1037.PubMedCrossRef Dabas, P., Agarwal, C. M., Kumar, R., Taneja, D. K., Ingle, G. K., & Saha, R. (2005). Knowledge of general public and health professionals about tetanus immunization. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72, 1035–1037.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Daley, T. C., & Sigman, M. D. (2002). Diagnostic conceptualization of autism among indian psychiatrists, psychologists, and pediatricians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 13–23.PubMedCrossRef Daley, T. C., & Sigman, M. D. (2002). Diagnostic conceptualization of autism among indian psychiatrists, psychologists, and pediatricians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 13–23.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Deo, M. G. (2008). Undergraduate medical students’ research in India. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 54, 176–179.PubMedCrossRef Deo, M. G. (2008). Undergraduate medical students’ research in India. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 54, 176–179.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dobe, M. (1995). Awareness on AIDS among health care professionals. Indian Journal of Public Health, 39, 105–108.PubMed Dobe, M. (1995). Awareness on AIDS among health care professionals. Indian Journal of Public Health, 39, 105–108.PubMed
go back to reference Dodani, S., & LaPorte, R. E. (2008). Ways to strengthen research capacity in developing countries: Effectiveness of a research training workshop in Pakistan. Public Health, 122, 578–587.PubMedCrossRef Dodani, S., & LaPorte, R. E. (2008). Ways to strengthen research capacity in developing countries: Effectiveness of a research training workshop in Pakistan. Public Health, 122, 578–587.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Duffy, F. D., & Holmboe, E. S. (2006). Self-assessment in lifelong learning and improving performance in practice: Physician know thyself. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 296, 1137–1139.CrossRef Duffy, F. D., & Holmboe, E. S. (2006). Self-assessment in lifelong learning and improving performance in practice: Physician know thyself. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 296, 1137–1139.CrossRef
go back to reference Elahi, F., Siddiqui, M. G., & Jafarey, N. A. (1985). A retrospective look at the medical curriculum. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 35, 85–92.PubMed Elahi, F., Siddiqui, M. G., & Jafarey, N. A. (1985). A retrospective look at the medical curriculum. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 35, 85–92.PubMed
go back to reference Fombonne, E. (2005). Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 10), 3–8.PubMed Fombonne, E. (2005). Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 10), 3–8.PubMed
go back to reference Gadit, A. A. (2006). Medical system: Need for appraisal and suggestions. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 16, 681. Gadit, A. A. (2006). Medical system: Need for appraisal and suggestions. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 16, 681.
go back to reference Gadit, A. A. (2007). Psychiatry in Pakistan: 1947–2006: A new balance sheet. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 57, 453–463.PubMed Gadit, A. A. (2007). Psychiatry in Pakistan: 1947–2006: A new balance sheet. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 57, 453–463.PubMed
go back to reference Gadit, A. A. (2008). Research qualifications in medicine: What is the importance? Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58, 93–94.PubMed Gadit, A. A. (2008). Research qualifications in medicine: What is the importance? Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58, 93–94.PubMed
go back to reference Gadit, A. A., Shiwani, M. H., & Abbasi, Y. (2008). Safe medical practice in Pakistan: Are we prepared to adopt a path? Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58, 145–147.PubMed Gadit, A. A., Shiwani, M. H., & Abbasi, Y. (2008). Safe medical practice in Pakistan: Are we prepared to adopt a path? Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 58, 145–147.PubMed
go back to reference Goulet, F., Jacques, A., & Gagnon, R. (2005). An innovative approach to remedial continuing medical education, 1992–2002. Academic Medicine, 80, 533–540.PubMedCrossRef Goulet, F., Jacques, A., & Gagnon, R. (2005). An innovative approach to remedial continuing medical education, 1992–2002. Academic Medicine, 80, 533–540.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Heidgerken, A. D., Geffken, G., Modi, A., & Frakey, L. (2005). A survey of autism knowledge in a health care setting. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 323–330.PubMedCrossRef Heidgerken, A. D., Geffken, G., Modi, A., & Frakey, L. (2005). A survey of autism knowledge in a health care setting. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 323–330.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Herzig, H. (2003). Teaching psychiatry in poor countries: Priorities and needs. A description of how mental health is taught to medical students in Malawi, Central Africa. Education for Health (Abingdon.), 16, 32–39. Herzig, H. (2003). Teaching psychiatry in poor countries: Priorities and needs. A description of how mental health is taught to medical students in Malawi, Central Africa. Education for Health (Abingdon.), 16, 32–39.
go back to reference Hyder, A. A., Akhter, T., & Qayyum, A. (2003). Capacity development for health research in Pakistan: The effects of doctoral training. Health Policy and Planning, 18, 338–343.PubMedCrossRef Hyder, A. A., Akhter, T., & Qayyum, A. (2003). Capacity development for health research in Pakistan: The effects of doctoral training. Health Policy and Planning, 18, 338–343.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Iqbal, I., Pervez, S., & Baig, S. (1997). Management of children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) by general practitioners in Multan—An observational study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 47, 24–28.PubMed Iqbal, I., Pervez, S., & Baig, S. (1997). Management of children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) by general practitioners in Multan—An observational study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 47, 24–28.PubMed
go back to reference Jawaid, A., Zafar, A. M., Naveed, A., Sheikh, S., Waheed, S., Zafar, M. A., et al. (2008). Knowledge of primary paediatric care providers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder: A study from Pakistan. Singapore Medical Journal, 49, 985–993.PubMed Jawaid, A., Zafar, A. M., Naveed, A., Sheikh, S., Waheed, S., Zafar, M. A., et al. (2008). Knowledge of primary paediatric care providers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder: A study from Pakistan. Singapore Medical Journal, 49, 985–993.PubMed
go back to reference Johnson, C. P., Myers, S. M., & The Council on Children with Disabilities. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120, 1183–1215.PubMedCrossRef Johnson, C. P., Myers, S. M., & The Council on Children with Disabilities. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120, 1183–1215.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kalra, V., Seth, R., & Sapra, S. (2005). Autism—Experiences in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72, 227–230.PubMedCrossRef Kalra, V., Seth, R., & Sapra, S. (2005). Autism—Experiences in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 72, 227–230.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kamat, V. R. (2001). Private practitioners and their role in the resurgence of malaria in Mumbai (Bombay) and Navi Mumbai (New Bombay), India: Serving the affected or aiding an epidemic? Social Science and Medicine, 52, 885–909.PubMedCrossRef Kamat, V. R. (2001). Private practitioners and their role in the resurgence of malaria in Mumbai (Bombay) and Navi Mumbai (New Bombay), India: Serving the affected or aiding an epidemic? Social Science and Medicine, 52, 885–909.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khan, A. J. (2004). Scope of medical colleges in private sector. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, 16, 1–3.PubMed Khan, A. J. (2004). Scope of medical colleges in private sector. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, 16, 1–3.PubMed
go back to reference Khan, H., Khan, S., & Iqbal, A. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes and practices around health research: The perspective of physicians-in-training in Pakistan. BMC Medical Education, 9, 46.PubMedCrossRef Khan, H., Khan, S., & Iqbal, A. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes and practices around health research: The perspective of physicians-in-training in Pakistan. BMC Medical Education, 9, 46.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khan, H., Khawaja, M., Waheed, A., Rauf, M., & Fatmi, Z. (2006). Knowledge and attitudes about health research amongst a group of Pakistani medical students. BMC Medical Education, 6, 54.PubMedCrossRef Khan, H., Khawaja, M., Waheed, A., Rauf, M., & Fatmi, Z. (2006). Knowledge and attitudes about health research amongst a group of Pakistani medical students. BMC Medical Education, 6, 54.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khandwalla, H. E., Luby, S., & Rehman, S. (2006). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections among general practitioners and medical specialists in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 56, S31–S33. Khandwalla, H. E., Luby, S., & Rehman, S. (2006). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections among general practitioners and medical specialists in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 56, S31–S33.
go back to reference Kochanek, T. T. (1991). The role of the physician in early intervention screening for infants and toddlers. Rhode Island Medical Journal, 74, 275–280.PubMed Kochanek, T. T. (1991). The role of the physician in early intervention screening for infants and toddlers. Rhode Island Medical Journal, 74, 275–280.PubMed
go back to reference Konstantareas, M. M., & Hewitt, T. (2001). Autistic disorder and schizophrenia: Diagnostic overlaps. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 19–28.PubMedCrossRef Konstantareas, M. M., & Hewitt, T. (2001). Autistic disorder and schizophrenia: Diagnostic overlaps. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 19–28.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Krishnamurthy, V. (2008). A clinical experience of autism in India. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29, 331–333.PubMedCrossRef Krishnamurthy, V. (2008). A clinical experience of autism in India. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29, 331–333.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kumar, D., Bajaj, S., & Mehrotra, R. (2006a). Knowledge, attitude and practice of complementary and alternative medicines for diabetes. Public Health, 120, 705–711.PubMedCrossRef Kumar, D., Bajaj, S., & Mehrotra, R. (2006a). Knowledge, attitude and practice of complementary and alternative medicines for diabetes. Public Health, 120, 705–711.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kumar, R., Taneja, D. K., Dabas, P., & Ingle, G. K. (2006b). Practices and knowledge regarding prevention of tetanus among doctors in Delhi. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 18, 30–32.PubMedCrossRef Kumar, R., Taneja, D. K., Dabas, P., & Ingle, G. K. (2006b). Practices and knowledge regarding prevention of tetanus among doctors in Delhi. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 18, 30–32.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lian, W. B., Ho, S. K., Yeo, C. L., & Ho, L. Y. (2003). General practitioners’ knowledge on childhood developmental and behavioural disorders. Singapore Medical Journal, 44, 397–403.PubMed Lian, W. B., Ho, S. K., Yeo, C. L., & Ho, L. Y. (2003). General practitioners’ knowledge on childhood developmental and behavioural disorders. Singapore Medical Journal, 44, 397–403.PubMed
go back to reference Medi Publications: House of Medical Publications. (2006). Mediguide: Comprehensive medical directory (2004–2005) (5th ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: S. M. S. Yunus. Medi Publications: House of Medical Publications. (2006). Mediguide: Comprehensive medical directory (2004–2005) (5th ed.). Karachi, Pakistan: S. M. S. Yunus.
go back to reference Naqvi, A. S. (1997). Problems of medical education in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 47, 267–269. Naqvi, A. S. (1997). Problems of medical education in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 47, 267–269.
go back to reference Patwari, A. K., Anand, V., Kumar, H., Aneja, S., & Mullick, D. (1991). Knowledge and perceptions of residents regarding case management of acute diarrhea. Indian Pediatrics, 28, 887–892.PubMed Patwari, A. K., Anand, V., Kumar, H., Aneja, S., & Mullick, D. (1991). Knowledge and perceptions of residents regarding case management of acute diarrhea. Indian Pediatrics, 28, 887–892.PubMed
go back to reference Rauf, M. A., & Saeed, A. B. (2007). Competency assurance of general practitioners-role of regulatory authority. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 57, 573–574.PubMed Rauf, M. A., & Saeed, A. B. (2007). Competency assurance of general practitioners-role of regulatory authority. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 57, 573–574.PubMed
go back to reference Rhoades, R. A., Scarpa, A., & Salley, B. (2007). The importance of physician knowledge of autism spectrum disorder: Results of a parent survey. BMC Pediatrics, 7, 37.PubMedCrossRef Rhoades, R. A., Scarpa, A., & Salley, B. (2007). The importance of physician knowledge of autism spectrum disorder: Results of a parent survey. BMC Pediatrics, 7, 37.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rizvi, N., & Hussain, M. (2001). Survey of knowledge about tuberculosis amongst family physicians. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 51, 333–337.PubMed Rizvi, N., & Hussain, M. (2001). Survey of knowledge about tuberculosis amongst family physicians. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 51, 333–337.PubMed
go back to reference Roy, S. K., Roy, S. K., Bagchi, S., Bajpayee, A., Pal, R., & Biswas, R. (2005). Study of KAP of the private medical practitioners about national disease control programmes. Indian Journal of Public Health, 49, 256–257.PubMed Roy, S. K., Roy, S. K., Bagchi, S., Bajpayee, A., Pal, R., & Biswas, R. (2005). Study of KAP of the private medical practitioners about national disease control programmes. Indian Journal of Public Health, 49, 256–257.PubMed
go back to reference Shafqat, S., & Zaidi, A. K. (2007). Pakistani physicians and the repatriation equation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 442–443.PubMedCrossRef Shafqat, S., & Zaidi, A. K. (2007). Pakistani physicians and the repatriation equation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 442–443.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shah, S. K., Sadiq, H., Khalil, M., Noor, A., Rasheed, G., Shah, S. M., et al. (2003). Do private doctors follow national guidelines for managing pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan? Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 9, 776–788.PubMed Shah, S. K., Sadiq, H., Khalil, M., Noor, A., Rasheed, G., Shah, S. M., et al. (2003). Do private doctors follow national guidelines for managing pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan? Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 9, 776–788.PubMed
go back to reference Shaikh, A. J., Khokhar, N. A., Raza, S., Kumar, S., Haider, G., Haider, A. G., et al. (2008). Knowledge, attitude and practices of non-oncologist physicians regarding cancer and palliative care: A multi-center study from Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9, 581–584.PubMed Shaikh, A. J., Khokhar, N. A., Raza, S., Kumar, S., Haider, G., Haider, A. G., et al. (2008). Knowledge, attitude and practices of non-oncologist physicians regarding cancer and palliative care: A multi-center study from Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9, 581–584.PubMed
go back to reference Shehzadi, R., Irfan, M., Zohra, T., Khan, J. A., & Hussain, S. F. (2005). Knowledge regarding management of tuberculosis among general practitioners in northern areas of Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 55, 174–176.PubMed Shehzadi, R., Irfan, M., Zohra, T., Khan, J. A., & Hussain, S. F. (2005). Knowledge regarding management of tuberculosis among general practitioners in northern areas of Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 55, 174–176.PubMed
go back to reference Singhi, P., & Malhi, P. (2001). Clinical and neurodevelopmental profile of young children with autism. Indian Pediatrics, 38, 384–390.PubMed Singhi, P., & Malhi, P. (2001). Clinical and neurodevelopmental profile of young children with autism. Indian Pediatrics, 38, 384–390.PubMed
go back to reference Sood, R., & Adkoli, B. V. (2000). Medical education in Indiaûproblems and prospects. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 1, 210–212. Sood, R., & Adkoli, B. V. (2000). Medical education in Indiaûproblems and prospects. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 1, 210–212.
go back to reference SPSS Inc. (2009). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Software Statistics 17.0.1 for Windows (Version 17.0.1). SPSS Inc. SPSS Inc. (2009). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Software Statistics 17.0.1 for Windows (Version 17.0.1). SPSS Inc.
go back to reference Supe, A., & Burdick, W. P. (2006). Challenges and issues in medical education in India. Academic Medicine, 81, 1076–1080.PubMedCrossRef Supe, A., & Burdick, W. P. (2006). Challenges and issues in medical education in India. Academic Medicine, 81, 1076–1080.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Talati, J. J., & Pappas, G. (2006). Migration, medical education, and health care: A view from Pakistan. Academic Medicine, 81, S55–S62.PubMedCrossRef Talati, J. J., & Pappas, G. (2006). Migration, medical education, and health care: A view from Pakistan. Academic Medicine, 81, S55–S62.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Uddin, M. T., Islam, M. N., & Uddin, M. J. (2008). A survey on knowledge of nutrition of physicians in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sylhet data. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 2, 14–17. Uddin, M. T., Islam, M. N., & Uddin, M. J. (2008). A survey on knowledge of nutrition of physicians in Bangladesh: Evidence from Sylhet data. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 2, 14–17.
go back to reference Usman, U. (2009). International issues: Neurology training in Pakistan: My experience as a neurology resident. Neurology, 72, e58–e60.PubMedCrossRef Usman, U. (2009). International issues: Neurology training in Pakistan: My experience as a neurology resident. Neurology, 72, e58–e60.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vandan, N., Ali, M., Prasad, R., & Kuroiwa, C. (2008). Physicians’ knowledge regarding the recommended anti-tuberculosis prescribed medication regimen: A cross-sectional survey from Lucknow, India. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 39, 1072–1075.PubMed Vandan, N., Ali, M., Prasad, R., & Kuroiwa, C. (2008). Physicians’ knowledge regarding the recommended anti-tuberculosis prescribed medication regimen: A cross-sectional survey from Lucknow, India. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 39, 1072–1075.PubMed
go back to reference Vandan, N., Ali, M., Prasad, R., & Kuroiwa, C. (2009). Assessment of doctors’ knowledge regarding tuberculosis management in Lucknow, India: A public-private sector comparison. Public Health, 123, 484–489.PubMedCrossRef Vandan, N., Ali, M., Prasad, R., & Kuroiwa, C. (2009). Assessment of doctors’ knowledge regarding tuberculosis management in Lucknow, India: A public-private sector comparison. Public Health, 123, 484–489.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Volkmar, F. R., Klin, A., & Cohen, D. J. (1997). Diagnosis and classification of autism and related conditions: consensus and issues. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 5–40). New York: Wiley. Volkmar, F. R., Klin, A., & Cohen, D. J. (1997). Diagnosis and classification of autism and related conditions: consensus and issues. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 5–40). New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Walton, H., & Gelder, M. (1999). Core curriculum in psychiatry for medical students. Medical Education, 33, 204–211.PubMedCrossRef Walton, H., & Gelder, M. (1999). Core curriculum in psychiatry for medical students. Medical Education, 33, 204–211.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wasay, M. (2003). Neurological care in Pakistan: Actions are needed. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 53, 576.PubMed Wasay, M. (2003). Neurological care in Pakistan: Actions are needed. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 53, 576.PubMed
go back to reference World Health Organization. (2005). Mental Health Atlas 2005. (revised edition ed.) Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (2005). Mental Health Atlas 2005. (revised edition ed.) Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization.
Metagegevens
Titel
Knowledge and Attitude of General Practitioners Regarding Autism in Karachi, Pakistan
Auteurs
Mohammad Hossein Rahbar
Khalid Ibrahim
Parisa Assassi
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1068-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2011

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 4/2011 Naar de uitgave