Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2018

Interactive Effects of Looming Cognitive Style and Maladaptive Perfectionism on Trait Anxiety

Auteur: Ayşe Altan-Atalay

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | Uitgave 4/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Perfectionism is suggested as a transdiagnostic factor, related to development and maintenance of many psychological disorders. Looming Cognitive Style (LCS), on the other hand, is unique to anxiety disorders, acting as a specific a cognitive vulnerability for anxiety disorders. The present study aims to assess the association of anxiety with two cognitive vulnerability factors, LCS and maladaptive perfectionism. It was hypothesized that maladaptive perfectionism will have moderator role in the relationship between LCS and anxiety. A similar relationship is not expected for depression. Data were collected from 326 university students through self-report measures of LCS, perfectionism, anxiety, and depression. Results indicated the significant moderator roles of maladaptive perfectionism in the relationship of LCS with anxiety, even when the symptoms of depression are controlled. That is, maladaptive perfectionism was associated with higher levels of anxiety especially in individuals who had higher levels of looming vulnerability. A similar moderating effect of maladaptive perfectionism was not observed for depression. The results altogether emphasize the importance of examining the interactive effects of different vulnerability factors in understanding the mechanisms through which the risk factors operate.
Literatuur
go back to reference Adler, A. D., & Strunk, D. R. (2010). Looming maladaptive style as a moderator of risk factors for anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(1), 59–68.CrossRef Adler, A. D., & Strunk, D. R. (2010). Looming maladaptive style as a moderator of risk factors for anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(1), 59–68.CrossRef
go back to reference Altan-Atalay, A. (2011). Looming vulnerability and perfectionism as mediating factors among parental bonding, social anxiety and depression. Unpublished Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Turkey. Altan-Atalay, A. (2011). Looming vulnerability and perfectionism as mediating factors among parental bonding, social anxiety and depression. Unpublished Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
go back to reference Antony, M. M., Purdon, C. L., Huta, V., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(12), 1143–1154.CrossRef Antony, M. M., Purdon, C. L., Huta, V., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(12), 1143–1154.CrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Bernard, M. E., Ellis, A., & Terjesen, M. (2006). Rational-emotive behavioral approaches to childhood disorders: History, theory, practice, and research. In A. Ellis & M. E. Bernard (Eds.), Rational emotive behavioral approaches to childhood disorders: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 3–84). New York: Springer.CrossRef Bernard, M. E., Ellis, A., & Terjesen, M. (2006). Rational-emotive behavioral approaches to childhood disorders: History, theory, practice, and research. In A. Ellis & M. E. Bernard (Eds.), Rational emotive behavioral approaches to childhood disorders: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 3–84). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Black, D., Riskind, J. H., & Kleiman, E. M. (2010). Lifetime history of anxiety and mood disorders predicted by cognitive vulnerability to anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(3), 215–227.CrossRef Black, D., Riskind, J. H., & Kleiman, E. M. (2010). Lifetime history of anxiety and mood disorders predicted by cognitive vulnerability to anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(3), 215–227.CrossRef
go back to reference Burgess, A., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2016). Anxiety and perfectionism: Relationships, mechanisms, and conditions. In F. Sirois & D. S. Molnar (Eds.), Perfectionism, health, and well-being (pp. 177–203). New York: Springer.CrossRef Burgess, A., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2016). Anxiety and perfectionism: Relationships, mechanisms, and conditions. In F. Sirois & D. S. Molnar (Eds.), Perfectionism, health, and well-being (pp. 177–203). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Costa, S., Hausenblas, H. A., Oliva, P., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2016). Maladaptive perfectionism as mediator among psychological control, eating disorders, and exercise dependence symptoms in habitual exerciser. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(1), 77–89.CrossRef Costa, S., Hausenblas, H. A., Oliva, P., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2016). Maladaptive perfectionism as mediator among psychological control, eating disorders, and exercise dependence symptoms in habitual exerciser. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(1), 77–89.CrossRef
go back to reference Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(2), 203–212.CrossRef Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(2), 203–212.CrossRef
go back to reference Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119–126.CrossRef Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119–126.CrossRef
go back to reference Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468.CrossRef Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468.CrossRef
go back to reference Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362.CrossRef Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362.CrossRef
go back to reference Haikal, M., & Hong, R. Y. (2010). The effects of social evaluation and looming threat on self-attentional biases and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 345–352.CrossRef Haikal, M., & Hong, R. Y. (2010). The effects of social evaluation and looming threat on self-attentional biases and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 345–352.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hill, R. W., Huelsman, T. J., & Araujo, G. (2010). Perfectionistic concerns suppress associations between perfectionistic strivings and positive life outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 584–589.CrossRef Hill, R. W., Huelsman, T. J., & Araujo, G. (2010). Perfectionistic concerns suppress associations between perfectionistic strivings and positive life outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 584–589.CrossRef
go back to reference Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin gecerliligi uzerine bir çalışma [A study for validity of depression inventory]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 6, 118–122. Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin gecerliligi uzerine bir çalışma [A study for validity of depression inventory]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 6, 118–122.
go back to reference Kleiman, E. M., & Riskind, J. H. (2014). Negative cognitive style and looming cognitive style synergistically predict stress generation. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 27(3), 347–359.CrossRef Kleiman, E. M., & Riskind, J. H. (2014). Negative cognitive style and looming cognitive style synergistically predict stress generation. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 27(3), 347–359.CrossRef
go back to reference Naragon-Gainey, K., & Watson, D. (2016). What lies beyond neuroticism? An examination of the unique contributions of social-cognitive vulnerabilities to internalizing disorders. Assessment (Advance online publication). Naragon-Gainey, K., & Watson, D. (2016). What lies beyond neuroticism? An examination of the unique contributions of social-cognitive vulnerabilities to internalizing disorders. Assessment (Advance online publication).
go back to reference Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1985). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı [Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory]. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Universitesi Yayınları. Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1985). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri el kitabı [Handbook of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory]. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Universitesi Yayınları.
go back to reference Özbay, Y., & Mısırlı-Taşdemir, Ö. (2003). Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: A study of reliability and validity]. In: VII. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, 9–11 Temmuz. Malatya. Özbay, Y., & Mısırlı-Taşdemir, Ö. (2003). Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: A study of reliability and validity]. In: VII. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, 9–11 Temmuz. Malatya.
go back to reference Reardon, J. M., & Williams, N. L. (2007). The specificity of cognitive vulnerabilities to emotional disorders: Anxiety sensitivity, looming vulnerability and explanatory style. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(5), 625–643.CrossRef Reardon, J. M., & Williams, N. L. (2007). The specificity of cognitive vulnerabilities to emotional disorders: Anxiety sensitivity, looming vulnerability and explanatory style. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(5), 625–643.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H. (1997). Looming vulnerability to threat: A cognitive paradigm for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 685–702.CrossRef Riskind, J. H. (1997). Looming vulnerability to threat: A cognitive paradigm for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 685–702.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., Black, D., & Shahar, G. (2010). Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety in the stress generation process: Interaction between the looming cognitive style and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(1), 124–128.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., Black, D., & Shahar, G. (2010). Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety in the stress generation process: Interaction between the looming cognitive style and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(1), 124–128.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., Rector, N. A., & Casssin, S. E. (2011). Examination of the convergent validity of looming vulnerability in the anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(8), 989–993.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., Rector, N. A., & Casssin, S. E. (2011). Examination of the convergent validity of looming vulnerability in the anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(8), 989–993.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., Rector, N. A., & Taylor, S. (2012). Looming cognitive vulnerability to anxiety and its reduction in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 22(2), 137–162.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., Rector, N. A., & Taylor, S. (2012). Looming cognitive vulnerability to anxiety and its reduction in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 22(2), 137–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (2005). The looming cognitive style and generalized anxiety disorder: Distinctive danger schemas and cognitive phenomenology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 7–27.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (2005). The looming cognitive style and generalized anxiety disorder: Distinctive danger schemas and cognitive phenomenology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 7–27.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (2006). A unique vulnerability common to all anxiety disorders: The looming maladaptive style. In L. B. Alloy & J. H. Riskind (Eds.), Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders (pp. 175–206). New York: Erlbaum. Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (2006). A unique vulnerability common to all anxiety disorders: The looming maladaptive style. In L. B. Alloy & J. H. Riskind (Eds.), Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders (pp. 175–206). New York: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., Williams, N. L., Gessner, T. L., Chrosniak, L. D., & Cortina, J. M. (2000). The looming maladaptive style: Anxiety, danger, and schematic processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 837.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., Williams, N. L., Gessner, T. L., Chrosniak, L. D., & Cortina, J. M. (2000). The looming maladaptive style: Anxiety, danger, and schematic processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 837.CrossRef
go back to reference Santanello, A. W., & Gardner, F. L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(3), 319–332.CrossRef Santanello, A. W., & Gardner, F. L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(3), 319–332.CrossRef
go back to reference Savaşır, I., & Şahin, N. H. (1997). Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) [Beck Depression Inventory]. In I. Savaşır & N. H. Şahin (Eds.), Bilişsel davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler kitabı (pp. 23–38). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. Savaşır, I., & Şahin, N. H. (1997). Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) [Beck Depression Inventory]. In I. Savaşır & N. H. Şahin (Eds.), Bilişsel davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler kitabı (pp. 23–38). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
go back to reference Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
go back to reference Stoeber, J. (1998). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: More perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(4), 481–491.CrossRef Stoeber, J. (1998). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: More perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(4), 481–491.CrossRef
go back to reference Stoeber, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(1), 49–60.CrossRef Stoeber, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(1), 49–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295–319.CrossRef Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295–319.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Interactive Effects of Looming Cognitive Style and Maladaptive Perfectionism on Trait Anxiety
Auteur
Ayşe Altan-Atalay
Publicatiedatum
01-02-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy / Uitgave 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0894-9085
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6563
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-018-0289-3