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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

26-05-2022 | Original Paper

The Distinctive Pattern of Declarative Memories in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence of Episodic Memory Constraints

Auteurs: Cristiane Souza, Margarida V. Garrido, Oleksandr V. Horchak, J. Bernardo Barahona-Correa, Joana C. Carmo

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 8/2023

Abstract

This study examines declarative memory retrieval in ASD depending on the availability and access to stored conceptual knowledge. Fifteen autistic participants and a matched control group of 18 typically-developed (TD) volunteers completed a Remember-Know paradigm manipulated by encoding-type (categorical, perceptual) and item-typicality (high-typical, low-typical). The autistic group showed worse and slower recognition and less recollection but equivalent familiarity-based memories compared to TDs. Notably, low-typical items did not improve their memories as they did for TDs, likely due to difficulties in matching low-fit information to the stored schema. Results suggest that memory decline in ASD may derive from the episodic system and its dynamics with the semantic system. These findings may inform interventional strategies for enhancing learning abilities in ASD.

vorige artikel Impaired Biological Motion Processing and Motor Skills in Adults with Autistic Traits

volgende artikel Predictors of Attrition in a Randomized Trial of a Social Communication Intervention for Infant-Toddlers at Risk for Autism

Typicality refers to a semantic organization process reflecting how good an item is in representing its category. Typical items share the prototypical features of their categories (e.g., an apple in the Fruit category); atypical items present less fit with their categorical prototype (e.g., a dolphin is atypical in Mammals) (see Medin et al., 2007; Murphy & Medin, 1985; Rosch, 1978).

The items were selected from normative studies of concepts and their related pictures conducted with Portuguese samples (Santi et al., 2015; Souza et al, 2021b). The typicality ratings were obtained for items (displayed in a picture) representing specific basic concepts (e.g., penguin as less typical and cardinal as typical) within a specific superordinate category (e.g., birds).

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Titel: The Distinctive Pattern of Declarative Memories in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence of Episodic Memory Constraints
Auteurs: Cristiane Souza
Margarida V. Garrido
Oleksandr V. Horchak
J. Bernardo Barahona-Correa
Joana C. Carmo
Publicatiedatum: 26-05-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 8/2023
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05579-y

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