Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1/2021

03-06-2020 | Original Paper

Skin Picking in People with Prader–Willi Syndrome: Phenomenology and Management

Auteurs: L. E. Bull, C. Oliver, K. A. Woodcock

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 1/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Skin picking is highly prevalent in people with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). This study addressed the temporal (frequency, duration) and wider characteristics (e.g. type of skin picked, apparent motivations, or management strategies) of skin picking to inform intervention strategies. Nineteen parents/carers who observe skin picking shown by the person they care for completed a semi-structured interview. Results were consistent with previous research but advanced the field by finding that most participants picked skin with an imperfection and that parents/carers most commonly use distraction as a management strategy. Interventions that are behavioural, support emotion regulation and/ or are used in the typically developing population are therefore likely to be beneficial for future research.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Akefeldt, A., & Gillberg, C. (1999). Behavior and personality characteristics of children and young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome: A controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(6), 761–769. Akefeldt, A., & Gillberg, C. (1999). Behavior and personality characteristics of children and young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome: A controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(6), 761–769.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Banga, A., & Connor, D. F. (2012). Effectiveness of naltrexone for treating pathologic skin picking behavior in an adolescent with Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 22(5), 396–398.PubMed Banga, A., & Connor, D. F. (2012). Effectiveness of naltrexone for treating pathologic skin picking behavior in an adolescent with Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 22(5), 396–398.PubMed
go back to reference Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression causes and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression causes and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
go back to reference Benjamin, E., & Buot-Smith, T. (1993). Naltrexone and fluoxetine in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(4), 870–873. Benjamin, E., & Buot-Smith, T. (1993). Naltrexone and fluoxetine in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(4), 870–873.
go back to reference Boer, H., & Clarke, D. (1999). Development and behaviour in genetic syndromes: Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12, 294–301. Boer, H., & Clarke, D. (1999). Development and behaviour in genetic syndromes: Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12, 294–301.
go back to reference Bull, L. E. (2014). Understanding and changing behaviour in Prader-Willi syndrome. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Birmingham, UK. Bull, L. E. (2014). Understanding and changing behaviour in Prader-Willi syndrome. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Birmingham, UK.
go back to reference Bull, L. E. (2015). Self-injurious behaviour in people with Prader-Willi syndrome. Unpublished thesis. University of Birmingham, UK. Bull, L. E. (2015). Self-injurious behaviour in people with Prader-Willi syndrome. Unpublished thesis. University of Birmingham, UK.
go back to reference Bull, L. E., Oliver, C., Tunnicliffe, P. L., & Woodcock, K. A. (2015). An informant report behavior diary for measuring temper outbursts in an intervention setting. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27, 1–16. Bull, L. E., Oliver, C., Tunnicliffe, P. L., & Woodcock, K. A. (2015). An informant report behavior diary for measuring temper outbursts in an intervention setting. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27, 1–16.
go back to reference Buono, S., Palmigiano, M., Scannella, F., Occhipinti, P., & Greco, D. (2005). Self-injury and Präder–Willi syndrome. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2, 256–259. Buono, S., Palmigiano, M., Scannella, F., Occhipinti, P., & Greco, D. (2005). Self-injury and Präder–Willi syndrome. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 2, 256–259.
go back to reference Buono, S., Scannella, F., & Palmigiano, M. B. (2010). Self-injurious behavior: A comparison between Prader–Willi syndrome, down syndrome and autism. Life Span and Disability, 13(2), 187–201. Buono, S., Scannella, F., & Palmigiano, M. B. (2010). Self-injurious behavior: A comparison between Prader–Willi syndrome, down syndrome and autism. Life Span and Disability, 13(2), 187–201.
go back to reference Cassidy, S. B., & Driscoll, D. J. (2009). Prader–Willi syndrome. European Journal of Human Genetics, 17, 3–13.PubMed Cassidy, S. B., & Driscoll, D. J. (2009). Prader–Willi syndrome. European Journal of Human Genetics, 17, 3–13.PubMed
go back to reference Cassidy, S. B., Forsythe, M., Heeger, S., Nicholls, R. D., Schork, N., Benn, P., et al. (1997). Comparison of phenotype between patients with Prader–Willi syndrome due to deletion 15q and uniparental disomy 15. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 68, 433–440.PubMed Cassidy, S. B., Forsythe, M., Heeger, S., Nicholls, R. D., Schork, N., Benn, P., et al. (1997). Comparison of phenotype between patients with Prader–Willi syndrome due to deletion 15q and uniparental disomy 15. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 68, 433–440.PubMed
go back to reference Didden, R., Korzilius, H., & Curfs, L. M. G. (2007). Skin-picking in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome: Prevalence, functional assessment, and its comorbidity with compulsive and self-injurious behaviours. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 409–419. Didden, R., Korzilius, H., & Curfs, L. M. G. (2007). Skin-picking in individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome: Prevalence, functional assessment, and its comorbidity with compulsive and self-injurious behaviours. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 409–419.
go back to reference Didden, R., Proot, I., Lancioni, G. E., van Os, R., & Curfs, L. M. G. (2008). Individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome and their perceptions of skin-picking behaviour. British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 54, 123–130. Didden, R., Proot, I., Lancioni, G. E., van Os, R., & Curfs, L. M. G. (2008). Individuals with Prader–Willi syndrome and their perceptions of skin-picking behaviour. British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 54, 123–130.
go back to reference Dykens, E. M., Cassidy, S. B., & King, B. H. (1999). Maladaptive behavior differences in Prader–Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion versus maternal uniparental disomy. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 67–77.PubMed Dykens, E. M., Cassidy, S. B., & King, B. H. (1999). Maladaptive behavior differences in Prader–Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion versus maternal uniparental disomy. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 67–77.PubMed
go back to reference Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., Walsh, K., & Nash, L. J. (1992). Adaptive and maladaptive behavior in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 1131–1136. Dykens, E. M., Hodapp, R. M., Walsh, K., & Nash, L. J. (1992). Adaptive and maladaptive behavior in Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 1131–1136.
go back to reference Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (1999). Pain demands attention: A cognitive–affective model of the interruptive function of pain. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 356.PubMed Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (1999). Pain demands attention: A cognitive–affective model of the interruptive function of pain. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 356.PubMed
go back to reference Feurer, I. D., Dimitropoulos, A., Stone, W. L., Roof, E., Butler, M. G. & Thompson, T. (1998). The latent variable structure of the Compulsive Behaviour Checklist in people with Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal on Intellectual Disability Research, 42(6), 472–480. Feurer, I. D., Dimitropoulos, A., Stone, W. L., Roof, E., Butler, M. G. & Thompson, T. (1998). The latent variable structure of the Compulsive Behaviour Checklist in people with Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal on Intellectual Disability Research, 42(6), 472–480.
go back to reference Gelinas, B. L., & Gagnon, M. M. (2013). Pharmacological and psychological treatments of pathological skin-picking: A preliminary meta-analysis. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(2), 167–175. Gelinas, B. L., & Gagnon, M. M. (2013). Pharmacological and psychological treatments of pathological skin-picking: A preliminary meta-analysis. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(2), 167–175.
go back to reference Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Kim, S. W. (2010). A clinical comparison of pathological skin picking and obsessive compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(4), 347–352.PubMed Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Kim, S. W. (2010). A clinical comparison of pathological skin picking and obsessive compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(4), 347–352.PubMed
go back to reference Grant, J. E., Stein, D. J., Woods, D. W., & Keuthen, N. J. (2012). Trichotillomania, skin picking & other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Grant, J. E., Stein, D. J., Woods, D. W., & Keuthen, N. J. (2012). Trichotillomania, skin picking & other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
go back to reference Hall, S. S., Hammond, J. L., & Hustyi, K. M. (2013). Examining the relationship between heart rate and problem behavior: A case study of severe skin picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 118(6), 460–474.PubMed Hall, S. S., Hammond, J. L., & Hustyi, K. M. (2013). Examining the relationship between heart rate and problem behavior: A case study of severe skin picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 118(6), 460–474.PubMed
go back to reference Hartley, S. L., MacLean, W. E., Butler, M. G., Zarcone, J., & Thompson, T. (2005). Maladaptive behaviors and risk factors among the genetic subtypes of Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 136(2), 140–145.PubMedPubMedCentral Hartley, S. L., MacLean, W. E., Butler, M. G., Zarcone, J., & Thompson, T. (2005). Maladaptive behaviors and risk factors among the genetic subtypes of Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 136(2), 140–145.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Holland, A. J., Whittington, J. E., Butler, J., Webb, T., Boer, H., & Clarke, D. (2003). Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: Evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader–Willi syndrome. Psychological Medicine, 33(1), 141–153.PubMed Holland, A. J., Whittington, J. E., Butler, J., Webb, T., Boer, H., & Clarke, D. (2003). Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: Evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader–Willi syndrome. Psychological Medicine, 33(1), 141–153.PubMed
go back to reference Hustyi, K. M., Hammond, J. L., Rezvani, A. B., & Hall, S. S. (2013). An analysis of the topography, severity, potential sources of reinforcement, and treatments utilized for skin picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 2890–2899.PubMed Hustyi, K. M., Hammond, J. L., Rezvani, A. B., & Hall, S. S. (2013). An analysis of the topography, severity, potential sources of reinforcement, and treatments utilized for skin picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 2890–2899.PubMed
go back to reference Kushlick, A., Blunden, R., & Cox, G. (1973). A method of rating behaviour characteristics for use in large scale surveys of mental handicap. Psychological Medicine, 3(4), 466–478.PubMed Kushlick, A., Blunden, R., & Cox, G. (1973). A method of rating behaviour characteristics for use in large scale surveys of mental handicap. Psychological Medicine, 3(4), 466–478.PubMed
go back to reference McAllister, C. J., Whittingtin, J. E., & Holland, A. J. (2011). Development of the eating behaviour in Prader–Willi syndrome: Advances in our understanding. International Journal of Obesity, 35, 188–197.PubMed McAllister, C. J., Whittingtin, J. E., & Holland, A. J. (2011). Development of the eating behaviour in Prader–Willi syndrome: Advances in our understanding. International Journal of Obesity, 35, 188–197.PubMed
go back to reference Miller, J. L., & Angulo, M. (2014). An open-label pilot study of N-acetylcysteine for skin-picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 164(2), 421–424. Miller, J. L., & Angulo, M. (2014). An open-label pilot study of N-acetylcysteine for skin-picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 164(2), 421–424.
go back to reference Morgan, J. R., Storch, E. A., Woods, D. W., Bodzin, D., Lewin, A. B., & Murphy, T. K. (2010). A preliminary analysis of the phenomenology of skin-picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41, 448–463. Morgan, J. R., Storch, E. A., Woods, D. W., Bodzin, D., Lewin, A. B., & Murphy, T. K. (2010). A preliminary analysis of the phenomenology of skin-picking in Prader–Willi syndrome. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41, 448–463.
go back to reference Najdowski, A. C., Wallace, M. D., Ellsworth, C. L., MacAleese, A. N., & Cleveland, J. M. (2008). Functional analyses and treatment of precursor behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(1), 97–105.PubMedPubMedCentral Najdowski, A. C., Wallace, M. D., Ellsworth, C. L., MacAleese, A. N., & Cleveland, J. M. (2008). Functional analyses and treatment of precursor behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(1), 97–105.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Odlaug, B. L., & Grant, J. E. (2008). Clinical characteristics and medical complications of pathological skin picking. General Hospital Psychaitry, 30(1), 61–66. Odlaug, B. L., & Grant, J. E. (2008). Clinical characteristics and medical complications of pathological skin picking. General Hospital Psychaitry, 30(1), 61–66.
go back to reference Odlaug, B. L., & Grant, J. E. (2012). Pathological skin picking. In J. E. Grant, D. J. Stein, D. W. Woods, & N. J. Keuthen (Eds.), Trichotillomania, skin picking & other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Odlaug, B. L., & Grant, J. E. (2012). Pathological skin picking. In J. E. Grant, D. J. Stein, D. W. Woods, & N. J. Keuthen (Eds.), Trichotillomania, skin picking & other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
go back to reference Oliver, C., McClintock, K., Hall, S., Smith, M., Dagnan, D., & Stenfert-Kroese, B. (2003). Assessing the severity of challenging behaviour: Psychometric properties of the challenging behaviour interview. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16, 53–61. Oliver, C., McClintock, K., Hall, S., Smith, M., Dagnan, D., & Stenfert-Kroese, B. (2003). Assessing the severity of challenging behaviour: Psychometric properties of the challenging behaviour interview. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16, 53–61.
go back to reference Oppenheim, A. N. (2005). Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement: New edition. New York, NY: Continuum. Oppenheim, A. N. (2005). Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement: New edition. New York, NY: Continuum.
go back to reference Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy Theory, Research & Practice, 19(3), 276. Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy Theory, Research & Practice, 19(3), 276.
go back to reference Radstaake, M., Didden, R., Bolio, M., Lang, R., Lancioni, G. E., & Curfs, L. M. (2011). Functional assessment and behavioral treatment of skin picking in a teenage girl with Prader–Willi syndrome. Clinical Case Studies, 10, 67–78. Radstaake, M., Didden, R., Bolio, M., Lang, R., Lancioni, G. E., & Curfs, L. M. (2011). Functional assessment and behavioral treatment of skin picking in a teenage girl with Prader–Willi syndrome. Clinical Case Studies, 10, 67–78.
go back to reference Robb, N., Waller, A., & Woodcock, K. A. (2019). Developing a task switching training game for children with a rare genetic syndrome linked to intellectual disability. Simulation & Gaming, 50(2), 160–179. Robb, N., Waller, A., & Woodcock, K. A. (2019). Developing a task switching training game for children with a rare genetic syndrome linked to intellectual disability. Simulation & Gaming, 50(2), 160–179.
go back to reference Roberts, S., O’Connor, K., & Bélanger, C. (2013). Emotion regulation and other psychological models for body-focused repetitive behaviours. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 745–762.PubMed Roberts, S., O’Connor, K., & Bélanger, C. (2013). Emotion regulation and other psychological models for body-focused repetitive behaviours. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 745–762.PubMed
go back to reference Rollnick, S., & Miller, W. R. (1995). What is motivational interviewing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(04), 325–334. Rollnick, S., & Miller, W. R. (1995). What is motivational interviewing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(04), 325–334.
go back to reference Selikowitz, M., Sunman, J., Pendergast, A., & Wright, S. (1990). Fenfluramine in Prader–Willi syndrome: A double blind, placebo controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 112–114.PubMedPubMedCentral Selikowitz, M., Sunman, J., Pendergast, A., & Wright, S. (1990). Fenfluramine in Prader–Willi syndrome: A double blind, placebo controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 112–114.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Shapira, N. A., Lessig, M. C., Lewis, M. H., Goodman, W. K., & Driscoll, D. J. (2004). Effects of topiramate in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(4), 301–309.PubMed Shapira, N. A., Lessig, M. C., Lewis, M. H., Goodman, W. K., & Driscoll, D. J. (2004). Effects of topiramate in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(4), 301–309.PubMed
go back to reference Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Myers, R. E., Karazsia, B. T., Courtney, T. M., & Nugent, K. (2017). A mindfulness-based intervention for self-management of verbal and physical aggression by adolescents with Prader–Willi syndrome. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 20(5), 253–260.PubMed Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Myers, R. E., Karazsia, B. T., Courtney, T. M., & Nugent, K. (2017). A mindfulness-based intervention for self-management of verbal and physical aggression by adolescents with Prader–Willi syndrome. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 20(5), 253–260.PubMed
go back to reference Symons, F. J., Butler, M. G., Sanders, M. D., Feurer, I. D., & Thompson, T. (1999). Self-injurious behavior and Prader–Willi syndrome: Behavioral forms and body locations. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104(3), 260–269.PubMed Symons, F. J., Butler, M. G., Sanders, M. D., Feurer, I. D., & Thompson, T. (1999). Self-injurious behavior and Prader–Willi syndrome: Behavioral forms and body locations. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104(3), 260–269.PubMed
go back to reference Toogood, S., & Timlin, K. (1996). The functional assessment of challenging behaviour: A comparison of informant-based, experimental and descriptive methods. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(3), 206–222. Toogood, S., & Timlin, K. (1996). The functional assessment of challenging behaviour: A comparison of informant-based, experimental and descriptive methods. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(3), 206–222.
go back to reference Tunnicliffe, P., Woodcock, K., Bull, L., Penhallow, J., & Oliver, C. (2014). Temper outbursts in Prader–Willi syndrome: Causes, behavioural and emotional sequence and responses by carers. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(2), 134–150.PubMed Tunnicliffe, P., Woodcock, K., Bull, L., Penhallow, J., & Oliver, C. (2014). Temper outbursts in Prader–Willi syndrome: Causes, behavioural and emotional sequence and responses by carers. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(2), 134–150.PubMed
go back to reference Van Ameringen, M., Patterson, B., & Simpson, W. (2014). DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: Clinical implications of new criteria. Depression and Anxiety, 31(6), 487–493.PubMed Van Ameringen, M., Patterson, B., & Simpson, W. (2014). DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: Clinical implications of new criteria. Depression and Anxiety, 31(6), 487–493.PubMed
go back to reference Whittington, J. E., Holland, A. J., Webb, T., Butler, J., Clarke, D., & Boer, H. (2004). Cognitive abilities and genotype in a population-based sample of people with Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 172–187.PubMed Whittington, J. E., Holland, A. J., Webb, T., Butler, J., Clarke, D., & Boer, H. (2004). Cognitive abilities and genotype in a population-based sample of people with Prader–Willi syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48, 172–187.PubMed
go back to reference Wigren, M., & Hansen, S. (2005). ADHD symptoms and insistence on sameness in Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal on Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 449–456. Wigren, M., & Hansen, S. (2005). ADHD symptoms and insistence on sameness in Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal on Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 449–456.
go back to reference Wigren, M., & Heimann, M. (2010). Excessive picking in Prader–Willi syndrome: A pilot study of phenomenological aspects and comorbid symptoms. International Journal of Diasability, Development and Education, 48(2), 129–142. Wigren, M., & Heimann, M. (2010). Excessive picking in Prader–Willi syndrome: A pilot study of phenomenological aspects and comorbid symptoms. International Journal of Diasability, Development and Education, 48(2), 129–142.
go back to reference Wilson, D. M., Iwata, B. A., & Bloom, S. E. (2012). Computer-assisted measurement of wound size associated with self-injurious behaviour. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45(4), 797–808.PubMedPubMedCentral Wilson, D. M., Iwata, B. A., & Bloom, S. E. (2012). Computer-assisted measurement of wound size associated with self-injurious behaviour. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45(4), 797–808.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Woodcock, K., Oliver, C., & Humphreys, G. (2009). Associations between repetitive questioning, resistance to change, temper outbursts and anxiety in Prader–Willi and Fragile-X syndromes. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 265–278.PubMed Woodcock, K., Oliver, C., & Humphreys, G. (2009). Associations between repetitive questioning, resistance to change, temper outbursts and anxiety in Prader–Willi and Fragile-X syndromes. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 265–278.PubMed
go back to reference Ye, L., Bawa, R., & Lippmann, S. (2013). Compulsive skin manipulation treated by topiramate. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 23(5), 369–370.PubMed Ye, L., Bawa, R., & Lippmann, S. (2013). Compulsive skin manipulation treated by topiramate. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 23(5), 369–370.PubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Skin Picking in People with Prader–Willi Syndrome: Phenomenology and Management
Auteurs
L. E. Bull
C. Oliver
K. A. Woodcock
Publicatiedatum
03-06-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04504-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2021

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1/2021 Naar de uitgave