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11-01-2016 | Artikel

Risicovol gedrag op goktaken bij personen met ADHD

Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis | Uitgave 2/2016

Samenvatting

Aandachtstekortstoornis met hyperactiviteit (ADHD) wordt geassocieerd met meer risicovol gedrag in het dagelijks leven, wat mogelijk verklaard kan worden door cognitieve en motivationele beperkingen. Om meer inzicht in dit verband te krijgen, werd de literatuur geraadpleegd over de prestaties op goktaken bij personen met ADHD. Tegen de verwachtingen in, vond slechts de helft van de studies dat kinderen en adolescenten met ADHD meer risico’s nemen op goktaken dan normaal ontwikkelende personen. Bij volwassenen met ADHD liet slechts een minderheid van de studies afwijkingen zien. Van belang is dat dit patroon hetzelfde was voor taken waarbij de exacte kansverdeling van de uitkomst bij de deelnemer bekend (expliciet) was, als voor taken waarbij deze kansverdeling onbekend (impliciet) was. Dit wijst erop dat cognitieve of cognitief-motivationele beperkingen een rol spelen wanneer er meer risicovol gedrag is bij personen met ADHD. Het grote aantal studies met nulbevindingen betwist echter ADHD-modellen en de gangbare opvatting dat personen met ADHD een sterkere voorkeur hebben voor minder waarschijnlijke grotere beloningen dan voor meer waarschijnlijke kleine beloningen. Een comorbide oppositioneel-opstandige gedragsstoornis of een gedragsstoornis bij personen met ADHD leidt mogelijk tot meer risicovol gedrag op goktaken. Internaliserende stoornissen daarentegen lijken een beschermend effect te hebben, maar toekomstig onderzoek zal deze hypothese moeten bevestigen.

vorige artikel Mechanismen van impulsiviteit in neurologie en psychiatrie: recente ontwikkelingen in translationeel preklinisch onderzoek

volgende artikel Stress en veerkracht: de rol van de mineralocorticoïd receptor

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Titel: Risicovol gedrag op goktaken bij personen met ADHD
Publicatiedatum: 11-01-2016
Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis / Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1387-5817
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5785
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-015-0109-9

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