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Cognitive Therapy and Research

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20-03-2023 | Original Article

Reduced Attention Towards Accomplishments Mediates the Effect of Self-Critical Rumination on Regret

Auteurs: Jens Allaert, Rudi De Raedt, Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez, Hanne September, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2023

Abstract

Background

Rumination is associated with counterfactual thinking (CFT) and regret, but underlying mechanisms in this association are uninvestigated. Rumination is characterized by attentional biases and focusing attention towards accomplishments versus lost opportunities influences CFT and regret. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between self-critical rumination and attention towards accomplishments and lost opportunities, and how this may underly the link between rumination and CFT and regret.

Methods

Hundred healthy female participants performed a risk-taking task while (a) attention towards accomplishments and lost opportunities, and (b) self-reported CFT and regret were measured.

Results

Analyses showed that participants with high (versus low) rumination tendencies focused less on accomplishments, and this mediated the association between rumination and regret.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that reduced attention towards accomplishments may be an underlying mechanism in the link between rumination and regret, and interventions could target this attentional bias for therapeutic benefit.

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The sample size was determined based on simulations to test the hypothesized indirect mediation effect of self-critical rumination on CFT/regret via attentional deployment. In these simulations, the sample size was increased stepwise in increments of 10, starting from 10, until a power of 0.80 was achieved with alpha set to 0.05. The effect size for the first step of the mediation model, testing the effect of self-critical rumination on attentional deployment was estimated based on past research on rumination and attentional biases (Owens & Gibb, 2016; Sanchez-Lopez et al., 2019b; Yaroslavsky et al., 2019). The effect size for the second step in the mediation model, testing the effect of attentional deployment towards CFT/regret, was based on past research on attentional deployment and regret (Li et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2017, 2020).

After this procedure, an additional task (relational responding task; De Houwer et al., 2015) was performed, in which implicit attitudes towards actual and ideal self-esteem were measured (Remue et al., 2014). The results of this section of the experiment fall outside of the scope of the current manuscript and are reported elsewhere. In addition, skin conductance and heart rate was measured throughout the protocol, but these indices were not used to inform about the current research question.

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Titel: Reduced Attention Towards Accomplishments Mediates the Effect of Self-Critical Rumination on Regret
Auteurs: Jens Allaert
Rudi De Raedt
Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
Hanne September
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
Publicatiedatum: 20-03-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10367-8

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Abstract

Background

Methods

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Conclusion

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