Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

29-06-2020 | Original Paper

Hierarchical Processing in ASD is Driven by Exaggerated Salience Effects, not Local Bias

Auteurs: Ayelet Baisa, Carmel Mevorach, Lilach Shalev

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 2/2021

Abstract

The role of relative salience in processing of hierarchical stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined in this study. Participants with ASD and typically developing controls performed a Navon letters task under conditions of global salience, local salience or equal salience of both levels. Results revealed no group differences in level of processing (global or local) and no local bias for ASD. Rather, both groups showed better performance when targets were more salient compared to when distractors were more salient. Importantly, participants with ASD exhibited increased sensitivity to salience at the distractor level. We conclude that inconsistent findings in the context of global/local processing in ASD may stem from such exaggerated salience effects.

vorige artikel Language Growth in Young Children with Autism: Interactions Between Language Production and Social Communication

volgende artikel Autistic Disorder: A 20 Year Chronicle

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

All of the participants were born before 2013 and were diagnosed according to the existing DSM version at the time.

Mostly, only 1–2 trials were excluded (on rare occasions there were three excluded trials) in a block of 48 trials, but never more than that). This was the case for all of the participants, in all conditions, in both groups.

An additional statistical analysis with 'Raven's Progressive Matrices' scores as a co-variate (ANCOVA) replicated the significant level, size and group interaction on IES that were obtained in the original analysis.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington DC: Autor.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington DC: Autor.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington DC: Autor.

Baisa, A., Mevorach, C., & Shalev, L. (2019). Can performance in Navon letters among people with autism be affected by saliency? Reexamination of the literature. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 6, 1–12.

Baron-Cohen, S., Hoekstra, R. A., Knickmeyer, R., & Wheelwright, S. (2006). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ)-adolescent version. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 343–350. PubMed

Bruyer, R., & Brysbaert, M. (2011). Combining speed and accuracy in cognitive psychology: Is the inverse efficiency score (IES) a better dependent variable than the mean reaction time (RT) and the percentage of errors (PE)? Psychologica Belgica, 51, 5–13.

Behrmann, M., Avidan, G., Leonard, G. L., Kimchi, R., Luna, B., Humphreys, K., et al. (2006). Configural processing in autism and its relationship to face processing. Neuropsychologia, 44, 110–129. PubMed

Frith, U. (1989). Autism: Explaining the enigma. Malden: Blackwell.

Granholm, E., Cadenhead, K., Shafer, K. M., & Filoteo, J. V. (2002). Lateralized perceptual organization deficits on the global- local task in schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 42–52. PubMed

Granholm, E., Perry, W., Filoteo, J. V., & Braff, D. (1999). Hemispheric and attentional contributions to perceptual organization deficits on the global local task in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 13, 271–281. PubMed

Guy, J., Mottron, L., Berthiaume, C., & Bertone, A. (2019). A developmental perspective of global and local visual perception in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49, 2706–2720. PubMed

Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 5–25. PubMed

Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1997). Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures test? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 527–534. PubMed

Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Kahneman, D., & Treisman, A. (1984). Changing views of attention and automaticity. In R. Parasuraman & D. R. Davis (Eds.), Varieties of attention. New York: Academic Press.

Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

Katagiri, M., Kassi, T., Kamio, Y., & Murohashi, H. (2013). Individuals with Asperger's disorder exhibit difficulty in switching attention from a local level to a global level. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 395–403. PubMed

Kimchi, R. (1992). Primacy of wholistic processing and global/local paradigm: A critical review. Psychological Buiietin, 112, 24–38.

Kurita, H., Koyama, T., & Osada, H. (2005). Autism-spectrum quotient-Japanese version and its short forms for screening normally intelligent persons with pervasive developmental disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 59, 490–496.

Kinchla, R. A., & Wolfe, J. M. (1979). The order of visual processing: "Top-down", "bottom up", or "middle-out ". Perception and Psychophysics, 25, 225–231. PubMed

Koldewyn, K., Jiang, Y. V., Weigelt, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2013). Global/local processing in autism: Not a disability, but a disinclination. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2329–2340. PubMedPubMedCentral

Lamb, M. R., & Robertson, L. C. (1990). The effect of visual angle on global and local reaction times depends on a set of visual angle presented. Perception and Psychophysics, 47, 489–496. PubMed

Lamb, M. R., & Robertson, L. C. (1989). Do response time advantage and interference reflect the order of processing of global and local level information? Perception and Psychophysics, 46, 254–258. PubMed

Lamb, M. R., Robertson, L. C., & Knight, R. T. (1990). Component mechanisms underlying the processing of hierarchically organized patterns: Inferences from patients with unilateral cortical lesions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, 471–483.

Lawson, M. K., Crewther, S. G., Blume-Tari, A., Guminsky, M., Perdikeas, N., Roebuck, G., et al. (2002). Temporal processing of global and local information varies with global precedence. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 30, 221–226.

Leader, G., Loughnane, A., McMoreland, C., & Reed, P. (2009). The effect of stimulus salience on over-selectivity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 330–338. PubMed

Lord, C., Rutter, M., & LeCounteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.

Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., Dilavore, P. D., et al. (2000). The autism diagnostic observation schedule- generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 205–223. PubMed

Mevorach, C., Humphreys, G. W., & Shalev, L. (2006). Opposite biases in salience-based selection for the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 740–742. PubMed

Mevorach, C., Humphreys, G. W., & Shalev, L. (2009a). Reflexive and preparatory selection and suppression of salient information in the right and left posterior parietal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1204–1214. PubMed

Mevorach, C., Shalev, L., Allen, H. A., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009b). The left intraparietal sulcus modulates the selection of low salient stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 303–315. PubMed

Mottron, L., Burack, J. A., Iarocci, G., Belleville, S., & Enns, J. T. (2003). Locally oriented perception with intact global processing among adolescents with high functioning autism: Evidence from multiple paradigms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 904–913. PubMed

Mottron, L., Burack, J. A., Stauder, J. E. A., & Robaey, P. (1999). Perceptual processing among high functioning persons with autism. Journal of child Psychology & Psychiatry, 40, 203–211.

Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulieres, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update the eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 27–43. PubMed

Muth, A., Hönekopp, J., & Falter, C. M. (2014). Visuo-spatial performance in autism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 3245–3263. PubMed

Navon, D. (1977). Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 353–383.

Navon, D. (1981). The forest revisited: More on global precedence. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 43, 1–32.

Plaisted, K., O'Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998). Enhanced visual search for conjunctive target in autism: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 39, 777–783.

Plaisted, K., Swettenham, J., & Ress, L. (1999). Children with autism show local precedence in a divided attention task and global precedence in a selective attention task. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 733–742. PubMed

Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1979). Manual for Raven's progressive matrices and vocabulary scales. London: H. K. Lewis.

Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Moss, S. A., Brereton, A. V., & Tonge, B. J. (2001). A deficit in shifting attention present in high functioning autism but not Asperger's disorder. Autism, 5, 67–80. PubMed

Russell, J., Mauthner, N., Sharpe, S., & Tidswell, T. (1991). The 'windows task' as a measure of strategic deception in preschoolers and autistic subjects. The British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 331–349.

Scherf, K. S., Luna, B., Kimchi, R., Minshew, N., & Behrmann, M. (2008). Missing the big picture: Impaired development of global shape processing in autism. Autism Research, 1, 114–129. PubMedPubMedCentral

Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & DeVellis, R. (1980). Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 91–103. PubMed

Shah, A., & Frith, U. (1983). An islet of ability in autistic children: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 613–620. PubMed

Shalev, L. (2007). Do local bias and local to global interference reflect intact global processing in autism? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24, 575–577. PubMed

Spaniol, M. M., Shalev, L., & Mevorach, C. (2018). Reduced distractor interference in neurotypical adults with high expression of autistic traits irrespective of stimulus type. Autism Research, 11, 1345–1355.

Todd, J., Milles, C., Wilson, A. D., Plumb, M. S., & Mon-Williams, M. A. (2009). Slow motor responses to visual stimuli of low salience in autism. Journal of Motor Behavior, 41, 419–426. PubMed

Townsend, J. T., & Ashby, F. G. (1983). Stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Van der Hallen, R., Evers, K., Brewaeys, K., Van den Noortgate, W., & Wagemans, J. (2015). Global processing takes time: A meta-analysis on local-global visual processing in ASD. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 549–573. PubMed

Wang, L., Mottron, L., Peng, D., Bertiaume, C., & Dawson, M. (2007). Local bias and local to global interference without global deficit: A robust finding in autism under various conditions of attention, exposure time and visual angle. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24, 550–574. PubMed

Wang, S., Jiang, M., Duchesne, X. M., Laugeson, E. A., Kennedy, D. P., Adolphs, R., et al. (2015). Atypical visual saliency in autism spectrum disorder quantified through model-based eye tracking. Neuron, 88, 604–616. PubMedPubMedCentral

Woodbury-Smith, M. R., Robinson, J., Wheelwright, S., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2005). Screening adults for asperger syndrome using the AQ: A preliminary study of its diagnostic validity in clinical practice. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 331–335. PubMed

Titel: Hierarchical Processing in ASD is Driven by Exaggerated Salience Effects, not Local Bias
Auteurs: Ayelet Baisa
Carmel Mevorach
Lilach Shalev
Publicatiedatum: 29-06-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04578-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2021

Believing in Make-Believe: Efficacy of a Pretend Play Intervention for School-Aged Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

Brief Report: Asexuality and Young Women on the Autism Spectrum

Educating Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is Teacher Certification Area Associated with Academic Outcomes?

What Contributes to Stigma Towards Autistic University Students and Students with Other Diagnoses?

Parent Perceptions of Caregiver-Mediated Telemedicine Tools for Assessing Autism Risk in Toddlers

Clinician Proposed Predictors of Spoken Language Outcomes for Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder