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11-06-2022

Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers

Auteurs: Que Zheng, Yu Yan Cheng, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Kathy Kar-man Shum

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 11/2022

Abstract

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly observed to have learning difficulties. This study examined how three neuropsychological constructs—executive dysfunction, delay aversion, and time perception—were associated with ADHD symptoms and early academic performance in preschoolers at risk of ADHD. One hundred and thirty-one preschoolers (70 boys, 53%) aged 4 to 6 (M = 5.31 years) were assessed on their ADHD-related behaviors, neuropsychological functioning, word reading, and math abilities at two time points one year apart. Factor analysis indicated that inhibitory and attentional control deficit, delay aversion, and time perception/working memory deficit were three dissociable factors. Among the three factors, inhibitory and attentional control measured at Time 1 was the strongest predictor of ADHD symptoms at both Time 1 and Time 2. Time perception was closely related to working memory, and they predicted word reading and numeration across time most strongly among other neuropsychological constructs. Our findings suggested that inhibitory and attentional control, delay aversion, and time perception are dissociable neuropsychological deficits underlying ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. Poor time perception may serve as a marker for the early identification of preschoolers with potential learning problems, and a possible target of intervention for ADHD.

vorige artikel Correction To: Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Overcontrol: Relationships with Cognitive Functioning, Error Monitoring, Anxiety and Obsessive–compulsive Symptoms

volgende artikel Associations among ADHD symptoms, ODD symptoms, and borderline personality features: A network analysis

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Titel: Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers
Auteurs: Que Zheng
Yu Yan Cheng
Edmund Sonuga-Barke
Kathy Kar-man Shum
Publicatiedatum: 11-06-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 11/2022
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00937-x

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