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07-10-2016 | Empirical Research

Consequences of Violent Victimization for Native American Youth in Early Adulthood

Auteurs: Jillian J. Turanovic, Travis C. Pratt

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 6/2017

Abstract

Native American youth are at an elevated risk of violent victimization. And because of their vulnerable position in society, they may also be at risk of experiencing a host of adverse consequences as a result of being victimized. Accordingly, using a subsample of 558 Native American youth and two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (49.8 % female; 12–19 years at Wave I; 19–26 years at Wave III), we examined the effects of violent victimization during adolescence on a range of outcomes in early adulthood (poor health, depressive symptoms, suicidality, financial hardship, violent and property offending, alcohol problems, hard drug use, and marijuana use). We also assessed whether youth’s attachments to family and to school moderate the effects of victimization on these outcomes. The results showed that adolescent victimization is linked to a small number of outcomes—poor health, depressive symptoms, and violent offending—and that the protective effects of social attachments are not widespread. Specifically, family attachments moderated the effects of victimization on poor health and depressive symptoms, and school attachments moderated the effects of victimization on property offending. These findings suggest that the consequences of victimization and the protective effects of social attachments may differ for Native American youth, and that further quantitative and qualitative research is necessary to understand these patterns.

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We measure race/ethnicity at Wave III. Respondents were asked to choose one category to best describe their racial background, choosing from categories of “White,” “Black or African American,” “American Indian or Native American,” “Asian or Pacific Islander,” or “Other.” All respondents who identified as American Indian/Native American were included in our sample. For more information on the Add Health sample, research design, survey content, and data quality, see: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/data/guides/DesignPaperWIIV.pdf.

We do not retain 100 % of cases with this method since we used all variables in the current study to specify chained equations. Cases missing values on multiple variables (on both sides of the imputation equations) were therefore not imputed (4 % of cases). For more information on this procedure, see https://www.stata.com/manuals13/mi.pdf.

Other existing longitudinal data sources that contain information on youth criminal victimization and early adult outcomes tend to use smaller samples that contain few or no Native American respondents (see, e.g., the Rochester Youth Development Study, the Pathways to Desistance Study, and the Pittsburgh Youth Study).

The only exception was for financial hardship in early adulthood, since these questions were not asked of respondents during adolescence. We therefore consider parents’ receipt of public assistance at Wave I as a baseline proxy for financial hardship, and this variable was included as a control in all regression models.

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Titel: Consequences of Violent Victimization for Native American Youth in Early Adulthood
Auteurs: Jillian J. Turanovic
Travis C. Pratt
Publicatiedatum: 07-10-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 6/2017
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0587-y

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