Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2006 | Original Article

Cognitive-Behavioral Models of Emotional Writing: A Validation Study

Auteurs: Adam J. Guastella, Mark R. Dadds

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2006

Abstract

Previous research suggests that the Pennebaker writing paradigm may improve physical and psychological health; however, inconsistent findings suggest that it may not be suitable for community dissemination in its current format. This study manipulated writing instructions across groups in order to emphasise putative emotional processes. Three processes were isolated consistent with Cognitive-Behavioral models of trauma: exposure, devaluation, and benefit-finding. Essay content reports, text analysis, distress, arousal, and physiological data demonstrated that participants assigned to different writing instructions responded during and after the writing session in a manner that was consistent with the putative emotion process. The results highlight the potential for the writing paradigm as a research tool for emotional processing.

vorige artikel Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

These researchers use the term between-session habituation to reflect a decrease in anxiety (SUDS and physiological arousal) from the first exposure session to the last).

Instructions are available from the first author upon request.

APA (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington DC: APA.

Affleck, G., Tennen, H., & Rowe, J. (1991). Infants in crisis: How parents cope with newborn intensive care and its aftermath. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Brewin, C.R., Dalgleish, T., & Joseph, S. (1996). A dual-representation theory of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Review, 670–686.

Brown, E., & Heimberg, R. (2001). Effects of writing about rape: Evaluating Pennebaker’s Paradigm with a severe trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14(4), 781–790.PubMedCrossRef

Burt, M. R., & Katz, B. L. (1987). Dimensions of recovery from rape: Focus on growth outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(1), 57–81.

Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1998). Beyond recovery from trauma: Implications for clinical practice and research. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 357–369.CrossRef

Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The Body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(6), 1090–1097.PubMedCrossRef

Davey, G. C. L. (1993). A comparison of three cognitive appraisal strategies: The role of threat devaluation in problem-focused coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(4), 535–546.CrossRef

Davey, G. C. L. (1997) Conditioning model of phobias. In Phobias: A Handbook of theory, research and treatment. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Davey, G. C. L., Burgess, I., Rashes, R. (1995). Coping strategies and phobias: the relationship between fears, phobias, and methods of coping with stressors. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 423–434.PubMed

Davey, G. C. L., McDonald, A. S., Ferguson, C. E., O’Neill, A., Shepherd, J., & Dawn B. (1999). Cognitive neutralising strategies, coping and psychological health Unpublished Manuscript, University of Sussex, Brighton.

Davis, C. G., Nolen Hoeksema, S., & Larson, J. (1998). Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: Two construals of meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 561–574.PubMedCrossRef

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345.PubMedCrossRef

Esterling, B. A., L’Abate, L., Murray, E. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1999). Empirical foundations for writing in prevention and psychotherapy: Mental and physical health outcomes. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(1), 79–96.PubMedCrossRef

Foa, E., & Kozak, M. (1986). Emotion processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), 20–35.PubMedCrossRef

Gidron, Y., Peri, T., Connolly, J., Shalev, A. (1996). Written disclosure in post-traumatic stress disorder: Is it beneficial for the patient? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 184(8), 505–507.PubMedCrossRef

Greenberg, M. A., & Stone, A. A. (1992). Emotional disclosure about traumas and its relation to health: Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 75–84.PubMedCrossRef

Greenberg, M. A., Wortman, C. B., & Stone, A. A. (1996). Emotional expression and physical heath: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 588–602.PubMedCrossRef

Guastella, A. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2005). Emotional writing tasks and trauma: A controlled trial of multiple processes. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Honos-Webb, L., Harrick, E. A., Stiles, W. B., & Park, C. L. (2000). Assimilation of traumatic experiences and physical-health outcomes: Cautions for the Pennebaker paradigm. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 37(4), 307–314.CrossRef

Janoff-Bulman, R. (1989). Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: Applications of the schema construct. Social Cognition, 7(2), 113–136.

Jaycox, L. H., Foa, E. B., & Morral, A. R. (1998). Influence of emotional engagement and habituation on exposure therapy for PTSD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 185–192.PubMedCrossRef

King, L. A., & Miner, K. N. (2000). Writing about the perceived benefits of traumatic events: Implications for physical health. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(2), 220–230.

Kovac, S., & Range, L. (2000). Writing projects: Lessening undergraduates unique suicidal bereavement. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(1), 50–60.PubMed

Kloss, J. D., & Lisman, S. A. (2002). An exposure-based examination of the effects of written emotional disclosure. British Journal of Health Psychology, 7(1), 31–46.PubMedCrossRef

Littrell, J. (1998). Is the re-experience of painful emotion therapeutic? Clinical Psychology Review, 18(1), 71–102.PubMedCrossRef

Meads, C., Lyons, A., & Carroll, D. (2003) The impact of the emotional disclosure intervention on physical and psychological health—a systematic review. (Tech Rep. No. 45). West Midlands, United Kingdom: University of Birmingham, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology.

O’Leary, V. E., Alday, C. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (1998). Models of life change and posttraumatic growth. In: R. G. Tedeschi, & C. L. Park (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. The LEA series in personality and clinical psychology (pp. 127–151). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Paez, D., Velasco, C., & Gonzalez, J. L. (1999). Expressive writing and the role of alexythimia as a dispositional deficit in self-disclosure and psychological health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3), 630–641.PubMedCrossRef

Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E., & Booth, R. J. (2001). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC2001. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Publishers.

Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of traumas and immune function: Health implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 239–245.PubMedCrossRef

Pennebaker, J. W., Mayne, T. J., & Francis, M. E. (1997). Linguistic predictors of adaptive bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 863–871.PubMedCrossRef

Rosenberg, H. J., Rosenberg, S. D., Ernstoff, M. S., Wolford, G. L., Amdur, R. J., Elshamy, M. R., Bauer-Wu, S. M., Ahles, T. A., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). Expressive disclosure and health outcomes in a prostate cancer population. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 32(1), 37–53.PubMedCrossRef

Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 174–184.PubMedCrossRef

Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., Schut, H., Zech, E., & van den Bout, J. (2002). Does disclosure of emotions facilitate recovery from bereavement? Evidence from two prospective studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 169–178.PubMedCrossRef

Suedfeld, P., & Pennebaker, J. (1997). Health outcomes and cognitive aspects of recalled negative life events. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 172–177.PubMed

Taylor, S. E., Lichtman, R. R., & Wood, J. V. (1984). Attributions, beliefs about control, and adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 489–502.PubMedCrossRef

Tedeschi, R. G., Park, C. L., & Calhoun, L. G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual issues. In: R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (1998). Personality and transformation in the face of adversity. In: R.G. Tedeschi, & C. L. Park (Eds.). Posttraumatic Growth: Positive Changes in the Aftermath of Crisis. The LEA series in personality and clinical psychology (pp. 65–98). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Van Minen A., & Hagenaars, M. (2002). Fear activation and habituation patterns as early process predictors of response to prolonged exposure treatment in PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(5), 359–367.CrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Cognitive-Behavioral Models of Emotional Writing: A Validation Study
Auteurs: Adam J. Guastella
Mark R. Dadds
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2006
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2006
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9045-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2006

A Self-Focused Attention Scale: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

Expanded Hopelessness Theory of Depression: On the Mechanisms by which Social Support Protects Against Depression

Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Young Schema-Questionnaire in a Dutch Clinical versus Non-clinical Population

Development and Validation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale for Children: Tests of Beck’s Cognitive Diathesis-stress Theory of Depression, of Its Causal Mediation Component, and of Developmental Effects

Social Anxiety and the Fear of Causing Discomfort to Others

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults