Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

20-04-2022 | Original Paper

Autistic Children Use Less Efficient Goal-Directed Whole Body Movements Compared to Neurotypical Development

Auteurs: Nicholas E. Fears, Tylan N. Templin, Gabriela M. Sherrod, Nicoleta L. Bugnariu, Rita M. Patterson, Haylie L. Miller

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 7/2023

Abstract

Autistic children have differences in their movements which impact their functional performance. Virtual-reality enables researchers to study movement in safe, engaging environments. We used motion-capture to measure how 7–13-year-old autistic and neurotypical children make whole-body movements in a virtual-reality task. Although children in both groups were successful, we observed differences in their movements. Autistic children were less efficient moving to the target. Autistic children did not appear to use a movement strategy. While neurotypical children were more likely to overshoot near targets and undershoot far targets, autistic children did not modulate their strategy. Using kinematic data from tasks in virtual-reality, we can begin to understand the pattern of movement challenges experienced by autistic children.

vorige artikel Self-reported needs of caregivers of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder

volgende artikel An Evaluation of Parent and Teacher Discrepancies on an Adaptive Behavior Measure for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Global Developmental Delay

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Adamovich, S. V., Archambault, P. S., Ghafouri, M., Levin, M. F., Poizner, H., & Feldman, A. G. (2001). Hand trajectory invariance in reaching movements involving the trunk. Experimental Brain Research, 138(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210100694CrossRefPubMed

Adolph, K. E. (2008). Learning to move. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00577.xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Adolph, K. E., & Robinson, S. R. (2013). The road to walking: what learning to walk tells us about development. In P. D. Zelazo (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 403–443). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958450.013.0015CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (5 ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.

Ardalan, A., Assadi, A. H., Surgent, O. J., & Travers, B. G. (2019). Whole-body movement during videogame play distinguishes youth with autism from youth with typical development. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 20094. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56362-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01CrossRef

Bhat, A. N. (2020). Is motor impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) distinct from Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)? A report from the SPARK study. Physical Therapy, 100(4), 633–644. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz190CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011). Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Physical Therapy, 91(7), 1116–1129. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100294CrossRefPubMed

Bojanek, E. K., Wang, Z., White, S. P., & Mosconi, M. W. (2020). Postural control processes during standing and step initiation in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9305-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cairney, J., Hay, J. A., Veldhuizen, S., Missiuna, C., & Faught, B. E. (2010). Developmental coordination disorder, sex, and activity deficit over time: A longitudinal analysis of participation trajectories in children with and without coordination difficulties. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(3), e67–e72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03520.xCrossRef

Canning, C. G., Allen, N. E., Nackaerts, E., Paul, S. S., Nieuwboer, A., & Gilat, M. (2020). Virtual reality in research and rehabilitation of gait and balance in Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0370-2CrossRefPubMed

Carment, L., Khoury, E., Dupin, L., Guedj, L., Bendjemaa, N., Cuenca, M., & Amado, I. (2020). Common vs. distinct visuomotor control deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia. Autism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2287CrossRefPubMed

Chen, L. C., Su, W. C., Ho, T. L., Lu, L., Tsai, W. C., Chiu, Y. N., & Jeng, S. F. (2019). Postural control and interceptive skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Physical Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz084CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chern, J. S., Lo, C. Y., Wu, C. Y., Chen, C. L., Yang, S., & Tang, F. T. (2010). Dynamic postural control during trunk bending and reaching in healthy adults and stroke patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 89(3), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c56287CrossRef

Cook, J. (2016). From movement kinematics to social cognition: The case of autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1693), 20150372. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0372CrossRef

Davidovitch, M., Stein, N., Koren, G., & Friedman, B. C. (2018). Deviations from typical developmental trajectories detectable at 9 months of age in low risk children later diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(8), 2854–2869. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3549-2CrossRefPubMed

Doumas, M., McKenna, R., & Murphy, B. (2016). Postural control deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The role of sensory integration. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 853–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2621-4CrossRefPubMed

Dufek, J. S., Harry, J. R., Eggleston, J. D., & Hickman, R. A. (2018). Walking mechanics and movement pattern variability in monozygotic twins with autism Spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 30(6), 793–805. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00647.2015CrossRef

Fears, N. E., Palmer, S. A., & Miller, H. L. (2022). Motor skills predict adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents. Autism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2708

Fisher, A., Engel, C., Geist, R., Lillie, K., Lutman, S., & Travers, B. G. (2018). Brief report: Postural balance and daily living skills in children and adolescents with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(9), 3210–3215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3558-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fong, S. S., Ng, S. S., & Yiu, B. P. (2013). Slowed muscle force production and sensory organization deficits contribute to altered postural control strategies in children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 3040–3048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.05.035CrossRefPubMed

Fournier, K. A., Hass, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodha, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1227–1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0981-3CrossRefPubMed

Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2019). An R companion to applied regression (3rd ed.). Sage.

Fulceri, F., Grossi, E., Contaldo, A., Narzisi, A., Apicella, F., Parrini, I., & Muratori, F. (2019). Motor skills as moderators of core symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Preliminary data from an exploratory analysis With artificial neural networks. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02683CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Glazebrook, C. M., Elliott, D., & Lyons, J. (2006). A kinematic analysis of how young adults with and without autism plan and control goal-directed movements. Motor Control, 10, 244–264. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.10.3.244CrossRefPubMed

Glazebrook, C. M., Elliott, D., & Szatmari, P. (2008). How do individuals with autism plan their movements? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(1), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0369-1CrossRefPubMed

Gonsalves, L., Campbell, A., Jensen, L., & Straker, L. (2015). Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder play active virtual reality games differently than children with typical development. Physical Therapy, 95(3), 360–368. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140116CrossRefPubMed

Grace, N., Enticott, P. G., Johnson, B. P., & Rinehart, N. J. (2017). Do handwriting difficulties correlate with core symptomology, motor proficiency and attentional behaviours? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(4), 1006–1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3019-7CrossRefPubMed

Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E., & Baird, G. (2009). Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(4), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03242.xCrossRef

Greffou, S., Bertone, A., Hahler, E. M., Hanssens, J. M., Mottron, L., & Faubert, J. (2012). Postural hypo-reactivityin autism is contengent on development and visual environment: A fully immersive virtual reality study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders., 42, 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1326-6CrossRefPubMed

Hendrix, C. G., Prins, M. R., & Dekkers, H. (2014). Developmental coordination disorder and overweight and obesity in children: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 15(5), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12137CrossRefPubMed

Hilton, C. L., Zhang, Y., Whilte, M. R., Klohr, C. L., & Constantino, J. (2012). Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 16(4), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311423018CrossRefPubMed

Izadi-Najafabadi, S., Ryan, N., Ghafooripoor, G., Gill, K., & Zwicker, J. G. (2019). Participation of children with developmental coordination disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 84, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.05.011CrossRefPubMed

Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., Newschaffer, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Landa, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome from controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(5), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0109-yCrossRefPubMed

Jasmin, E., Couture, M., McKinley, P., Reid, G., Fombonne, E., & Gisel, E. (2009). Sensori-motor and daily living skills of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0617-zCrossRefPubMed

LeBarton, E. S., & Iverson, J. M. (2016). Associations between gross motor and communicative development in at-risk infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 44, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.05.003CrossRefPubMed

Levac, D., Pierrynowski, M. R., Canestraro, M., Gurr, L., Leonard, L., & Neeley, C. (2010). Exploring children’s movement characteristics during virtual reality video game play. Human Movement Science, 29(6), 1023–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.06.006CrossRefPubMed

Li, W., Lam-Damji, S., Chau, T., & Fehlings, D. (2009). The development of a home-based virtual reality therapy system to promote upper extremity movement for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Technology and Disability, 21(3), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.3233/tad-2009-0277CrossRef

Licari, M. K., Alvares, G. A., Varcin, K., Evans, K. L., Cleary, D., Reid, S. L., & Whitehouse, A. J. O. (2019). Prevalence of motor difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Analysis of a population-based cohort. Autism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2230CrossRefPubMed

Lim, Y. H., Partridge, K., Girdler, S., & Morris, S. L. (2017). Standing postural control in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(7), 2238–2253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3144-yCrossRefPubMed

Liu, T., & Breslin, C. M. (2013). Fine and gross motor performance of the MABC-2 by children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(10), 1244–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.002CrossRef

Lloyd, M., MacDonald, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Motor skills of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 17(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311402230CrossRefPubMed

Longhi, M., Merlo, A., Prati, P., Giacobbi, M., & Mazzoli, D. (2016). Instrumental indices for upper limb function assessment in stroke patients: A validation study. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0163-4CrossRef

Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. L. (2012). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) Manual (Part I): Modules (pp. 1–4). Western Psychological Services.

Maki, B. E., & McIlroy, W. E. (1996). Postural control in the older adult. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 12(4), 635–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30193-9CrossRefPubMed

Malihi, M., Nguyen, J., Cardy, R. E., Eldon, S., Petta, C., & Kushki, A. (2020). Short report: Evaluating the safety and usability of head-mounted virtual reality compared to monitor-displayed video for children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320934214CrossRefPubMed

Miller, H. L., Bugnariu, N., Patterson, R. M., Wijayasinghe, I., & Popa, D. O. (2017). Development of a novel visuomotor integration paradigm by integrating a virtual environment with mobile eye-tracking and motion-capture systems. In 2017 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVR.2017.8007481.

Miller, H. L., & Bugnariu, N. L. (2016). Level of immersion in virtual environments impacts the ability to assess and teach social skills in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19, 246–256. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0682CrossRefPubMed

Miller, H. L., Caçola, P., Sherrod, G., Patterson, R. M., & Bugnariu, N. L. (2019). Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Coordination Disorder, and typical development differ in characteristics of dynamic postural control: A preliminary study. Gait & Posture, 67, 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.038CrossRef

Miller, H. L., Sherrod, G. M., Mauk, J. E., Fears, N. E., Hynan, L. S., & Tamplain, P. M. (2021). Shared features or co-occurrence? Evaluating symptoms of Developmental Coordination Disorder in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04766-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mosconi, M. W., Mohanty, S., Greene, R. K., Cook, E. H., Vaillancourt, D. E., & Sweeney, J. A. (2015). Feedforward and feedback motor control abnormalities implicate cerebellar dysfunctions in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(5), 2015–2025. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2731-14.2015CrossRefPubMed

Mostofsky, S. H., Dubey, P., Jerath, V. K., Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., & Denckla, M. B. (2006). Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(03), 314–326. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617706060437CrossRefPubMed

Neufeld, J., Hagström, A., Van’tWesteinde, A., Lundin, K., Cauvet, É., Willfors, C., & Bölte, S. (2020). Global and local visual processing in autism–a co-twin-control study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(4), 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13120CrossRefPubMed

Parma, V., & de Marchena, A. B. (2016). Motor signatures in autism spectrum disorder: The importance of variability. Journal of Neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00647.2015CrossRefPubMed

Perin, C., Valagussa, G., Mazzucchelli, M., Gariboldi, V., Cerri, C. G., Meroni, R., & Piscitelli, D. (2020). Physiological profile assessment of posture in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing peers. Brain Sciences, 10(10), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100681CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prasertsakul, T., Kaimuk, P., Chinjenpradit, W., Limroongreungrat, W., & Charoensuk, W. (2018). The effect of virtual reality-based balance training on motor learning and postural control in healthy adults: A randomized preliminary study. Biomedical Engineering Online, 17(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-018-0550-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Purpura, G., Fulceri, F., Puglisi, V., Masoni, P., & Contaldo, A. (2020). Motor coordination impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study using Movement assessment Battery for children-2 checklist. Minerva Pediatrica, 72(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4946.16.04633-8CrossRefPubMed

R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

Ravi, D. K., Kumar, N., & Singhi, P. (2017). Effectiveness of virtual reality rehabilitation for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: An updated evidence-based systematic review. Physiotherapy, 103(3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2016.08.004CrossRefPubMed

Rodgers, R. A., Travers, B. G., & Mason, A. H. (2019). Bimanual reach to grasp movements in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02720CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003a). The social communication questionnaire: Manual. Western Psychological Services.

Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003b). Autism diagnostic interview-revised. Western Psychological Services.

Schneiberg, S., McKinley, P., Gisel, E., Sveistrup, H., & Levin, M. F. (2010). Reliability of kinematic measures of functional reaching in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(7), e167–e173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03635.xCrossRef

Stylianou, A. P., McVey, M. A., Lyons, K. E., Pahwa, R., & Luchies, C. W. (2011). Postural sway in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease. International Journal of Neuroscience, 121(11), 614–621. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2011.602807CrossRefPubMed

Sun, R., Hsieh, K. L., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2019). Fall risk prediction in multiple sclerosis using postural sway measures: A machine learning approach. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52697-2CrossRef

Sveistrup, H., Schneiberg, S., McKinley, P. A., McFadyen, B. J., & Levin, M. F. (2008). Head, arm and trunk coordination during reaching in children. Experimental Brain Research, 188(2), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1357-1CrossRefPubMed

Swanenburg, J., de Bruin, E. D., Uebelhart, D., & Mulder, T. (2010). Falls prediction in elderly people: A 1-year prospective study. Gait & Posture, 31(3), 317–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.013CrossRef

Tamplain, P., & Miller, H. L. (2021). What can we do to promote mental health among individuals with developmental coordination disorder? Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 8(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-020-00209-7CrossRefPubMed

Travers, B. G., Bigler, E. D., Duffield, T. C., Prigge, M. D. B., Froehlich, A. L., Lange, N., & Lainhart, J. E. (2017). Longitudinal development of manual motor ability in autism spectrum disorder from childhood to mid-adulthood relates to adaptive daily living skills. Developmental Science, 20, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12401CrossRef

Tunçgenç, B., Pacheco, C., Rochowiak, R., Nicholas, R., Rengarajan, S., Zou, E., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2020). Computerised Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) as a scalable method for distinguishing children with autism. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.001CrossRefPubMed

Van Waelvelde, H., Oostra, A., Dewitte, G., Van Den Broeck, C., & Jongmans, M. J. (2010). Stability of motor problems in young children with or at risk of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, and or developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52(8), e174-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03606.xCrossRefPubMed

Wang, Z., Hallac, R. R., Conroy, K. C., White, S. P., Kane, A. A., Collinsworth, A. L., & Mosconi, M. W. (2016). Postural orientation and equilibrium processes associated with increased postural sway in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9178-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang, Z., Magnon, G. C., White, S. P., Greene, R. K., Vaillancourt, D. E., & Mosconi, M. W. (2015). Individuals with autism spectrum disorder show abnormalities during initial and subsequent phases of precision gripping. Journal of Neurophysiology, 113(7), 1989–2001. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00661.2014CrossRefPubMed

Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Sweeney, J. A., Gong, Q., Lui, S., & Mosconi, M. W. (2019). Resting-state brain network dysfunctions associated with visuomotor impairments in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 13, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2019.00017CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wechsler, D. (2011). WASI-II: Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. Pearson.

Zablotsky, B., Pringle, B. A., Colpe, L. J., Kogan, M. D., Rice, C., & Blumberg, S. J. (2015). Service and treatment use among children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000127CrossRef

Zheng, R., Naiman, I. D., Skultety, J., Passmore, S. R., Lyons, J., & Glazebrook, C. M. (2019). The impact of different movement types on motor planning and execution in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Motor Control, 23(3), 398–417. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2017-0084CrossRefPubMed

Zwicker, J. G., Suto, M., Harris, S. R., Vlasakova, N., & Missiuna, C. (2018). Developmental coordination disorder is more than a motor problem: Children describe the impact of daily struggles on their quality of life. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 81(2), 65–73.CrossRef

Titel: Autistic Children Use Less Efficient Goal-Directed Whole Body Movements Compared to Neurotypical Development
Auteurs: Nicholas E. Fears
Tylan N. Templin
Gabriela M. Sherrod
Nicoleta L. Bugnariu
Rita M. Patterson
Haylie L. Miller
Publicatiedatum: 20-04-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 7/2023
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05523-0

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2023

Training Culturally Diverse Caregivers to Decrease Their Child’s Challenging Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Original Paper

Attitudes Toward Inclusion and Benefits Perceived by Families in Schools with Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Open Access
Original Paper

Limited Reliability and Validity of the Autism Spectrum Quotient Short form (AQ-10) to Screen Autistic Traits in Undergraduate Students

Letter to the Editor

How Do Sleep Disturbances Relate to Daytime Functions, Care-related Quality of Life, and Parenting Interactions in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Original Paper

Determinants of Leaky Gut and Gut Microbiota Differences in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Siblings

Original Paper

Differences in daily life executive functioning between people with autism and people with schizophrenia

Open Access
Original Paper