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13-02-2023 | Original Article

Anxiety as a Predictor of Emotional and Cognitive Reactivity both Within and Between People

Auteurs: Abbegail J. Lovette, Megan E. Gabruk, Yinghao Zhang, Cassandra R. Mick, Rachel A. Wilson, Bunmi O. Olatunji, David A. Cole

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2023

Abstract

Background

Although theoretical models have implicated emotional reactivity (ER) and cognitive reactivity (CR) to the development of anxiety, few studies have examined this relation. The present study examines both the within-person and between-person relations of anxiety to ER and CR.

Methods

In the current study, within-person ER and CR refer to the relation of daily stress to emotion and cognition across time. Between-person ER and CR refer to the same across individuals. Participants were 223 undergraduate students who completed a 14-day daily diary procedure.

Results

Multilevel modeling showed that anxiety positively predicted within-person ER but did not predict between-person ER. Anxiety marginally positively predicted within-person CR and negatively predicted between-person CR. For self-focused cognitions, anxiety did not predict within-person CR but did marginally negatively predict between-person CR. For world-focused cognitions, anxiety positively predicted within-person CR but did not predict between-person CR. For future-focused cognitions, anxiety negatively predicted between-person CR.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated that anxiety is significantly associated with ER and CR and that the specific associations differ based on between- and within-person levels as well as the type of the dysfunctional cognitions.

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Sometime reactivity measures distinguish the initial reaction versus the time to recovery (Gruber, Harvey, & Purcell, 2011; Guhn, Sterzer, Haack, & Köhler,2018; Larsen & Ketelaar,1991; Lethbridge & Allen,2008; Neumann et al. 2011; Salomon, Clift, Karlsdóttir, & Rottenberg,2009). In the current study, we focus on reaction portion of reactivity, not the recovery.

We conducted both sets of analyses twice: with and without gender as a covariate. Gender was not significant in either analysis, and including gender did not appreciably change other coefficients. Nevertheless, we elected to report results covarying gender.

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Titel: Anxiety as a Predictor of Emotional and Cognitive Reactivity both Within and Between People
Auteurs: Abbegail J. Lovette
Megan E. Gabruk
Yinghao Zhang
Cassandra R. Mick
Rachel A. Wilson
Bunmi O. Olatunji
David A. Cole
Publicatiedatum: 13-02-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10350-3

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Abstract

Background

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