29-01-2018 | Original Paper | Uitgave 6/2018 Open Access

Allocentric Versus Egocentric Spatial Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Tijdschrift:
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > Uitgave 6/2018
Electronic supplementary material
Introduction
Methods
Participants
Measure
|
ASD (23m, 3f)
|
TD (18m, 8 f)
|
t(50)
|
p
|
Cohen’s
d
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
||||
Age (years)
|
38.81
|
11.82
|
42.12
|
12.14
|
1.00
|
.32
|
.28
|
VIQ
a
|
109
|
16.6
|
111
|
16.3
|
.54
|
.59
|
.15
|
PIQ
b
|
108
|
19.6
|
107
|
17.6
|
.22
|
.83
|
.06
|
FIQ
c
|
110
|
18.7
|
110
|
17.9
|
.18
|
.86
|
.05
|
ADOS-C
d
|
2.74 (0–5)
|
1.39
|
|||||
ADOS-RSI
e
|
6.74 (3–13)
|
2.96
|
|||||
ADOS-Total
f
|
9.48 (3–17)
|
3.72
|
|||||
ADOS-I
g
|
1.19 (0–2)
|
.60
|
|||||
ADOS-SB
h
|
1.41 (0–5)
|
1.30
|
Materials and Procedure
Spatial Navigation Task
Visual Short-Term Memory and Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
Results
Spatial Navigation—Morris Water Maze
Measure
|
Condition
|
ASD
|
TD
|
Total
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (range)
|
SD
|
M (range)
|
SD
|
M (range)
|
SD
|
||
Percentage of time in target quadrant
|
Place learning
|
44.28 (0–100)
|
34.31
|
48.51 (0–100)
|
35.51
|
46.39 (0–100)
|
34.96
|
Percentage of time in target quadrant
|
Allocentric 1 (quadrant 4)
|
28.87 (0–100)
|
29.74
|
34.46 (0–100)
|
32.17
|
31.67 (0–100)
|
31.09
|
Egocentric 1 (quadrant 2)
|
37.57 (1–100)
|
32.79
|
36.93 (0–100)
|
31.32
|
37.25 (0–100)
|
32.05
|
|
Total
|
33.22 (0–100)
|
31.59
|
35.70 (0–100)
|
31.75
|
34.46 (0–100)
|
31.68
|
|
Percentage of time in target quadrant
|
Allocentric 2
|
35.75 (0–100)
|
28.88
|
36.09 (0–100)
|
29.29
|
35.92 (0–100)
|
29.07
|
Egocentric 2
|
27.96 (1–100)
|
26.58
|
29.86 (0–100)
|
28.12
|
28.91 (0–100)
|
27.36
|
|
Total
|
31.86 (0–100)
|
28.01
|
32.98 (0–100)
|
28.86
|
32.42 (0–100)
|
28.43
|
Place Learning
Allocentric 1 vs. Egocentric 1
Allocentric 2 vs. Egocentric 2
Visual Short-Term Memory and Mental Rotation
Task
|
ASD
M (
SD)
|
TD
M (
SD
|
t(
df)
|
p
|
Cohen’s
d
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brooks matrix task
a
|
|||||
Total correct (out of 24)
|
12.92 (4.87)
|
12.04 (5.30)
|
.61 (48)
|
.54
|
.17
|
Maximum level (out of 8)
|
6.12 (1.62)
|
6.08 (1.96)
|
.08 (48)
|
.94
|
.02
|
Trials attempted (out of 24)
|
17.52 (3.94)
|
17.28 (5.00)
|
.19 (48)
|
.85
|
.05
|
Manikin task
b
|
|||||
Average accuracy
|
.91 (.14)
|
.83 (.16)
|
1.89 (46)
|
.07
|
.55
|
Average RT in ms
|
2964.46 (1215.11)
|
3195.15 (1144.24)
|
.68 (46)
|
.50
|
.20
|
Mental rotations test
|
|||||
Sum of credits (out of 24)
|
8.08 (6.09)
|
7.04 (4.51)
|
.70 (50)
|
.49
|
.19
|
Trials attempted (out of 24)
|
15.23 (5.70)
|
14.42 (5.11)
|
.54 (50)
|
.59
|
.15
|
Correlations Among Tasks
Allo ASD
|
Allo TD
|
Allo Total
|
|
---|---|---|---|
Brooks matrix task—total correct
|
− .10
|
.33
|
.13
|
Brooks matrix task—maximum level
|
− .22
|
.21
|
.06
|
Brooks matrix task—trials attempted
|
− .22
|
.17
|
.03
|
Manikin task—average accuracy
|
.36
+
|
.19
|
.19
|
Manikin task—average RT
|
− .25
|
− .25
|
− .20
|
Mental rotations test—sum of credits
|
.11
|
.20
|
.11
|
Mental rotations test—trials attempted
|
.26
|
− .21
|
− .04
|