Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-07-2007 | Original paper

Violent Victimization, Aggression, and Parent-Adolescent Relations: Quality Parenting as a Buffer for Violently Victimized Youth

Auteurs: Mario J. Aceves, Jeffrey T. Cookston

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2007

Abstract

Prospective associations between violent victimization, the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and the subsequent onset of violent aggression were examined. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), participants were divided into violent and non-violent cohorts based on whether they had committed an act of violence prior to Wave 1. Results showed that violent victimization at Wave 1 predicted the onset of violent aggression at Wave 2 for adolescents who were non-violent at baseline. Earlier violent victimization, however, had no effect on aggression trajectories for baseline violent adolescents. Parent-adolescent relations functioned as a protective buffer, such that violently victimized adolescents who reported high quality relationships with parents were less likely to be involved in violent aggression at Wave 2. Subsequent gender interaction analyses revealed that while the buffering effect was evident for males, parent-adolescent relations did not protect females from the onset of aggressive behaviors. Findings are evaluated in light of social learning and cycle of violence theories that highlight the role of violent victimization among adolescents.

vorige artikel The Role of Peer Contacts in the Relationship Between Parental Knowledge and Adolescents' Externalizing Behaviors: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach

volgende artikel The Relative Importance of Mothers’ and Youths’ Neighborhood Perceptions for Youth Alcohol Use and Delinquency

The term violent aggression was used in our paper rather than what Shaffer and Ruback (2002) termed violent offending.

We thank our correspondence with an anonymous reviewer, who pointed out the theoretical implications of including an item within our victimization count that assessed whether the adolescent had been threatened with a weapon. Readers may note that while other violent victimization scales such as the one used by Shaffer and Ruback (2002) include violent victimization items with the potential for serious injury, such as being threatened with a knife or gun, counts that clearly discriminate between actual and potential victimization allow for less ambiguous interpretations of results. For this reason, our scale only included items of actual violent victimization that resulted in injury, as opposed to potential victimization. Similar rationale was used for our violent aggression measure as well.

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health merged the violent aggression incidents of being shot and stabbed into one item. For this reason, the violent aggression counts used in our study consisted of only two items, as opposed to the three item violent victimization count, which measured being shot and stabbed as two separate items.

Aiken LS, West SG (1991) Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage, Newbury Park, CA

Bandura A (1973) Aggression: A social learning analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

Bandura A (1977) Social learning theory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ

Bearman PS, Jones J, Udry JR (1998) The national longitudinal study of adolescent health: research design. Retrieved on February 24th, 2005 from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design

Beauvais F, Chavez EL, Oetting ER, Deffenbacher JL (1996) Drug use, violence, and victimization among White American, Mexican American, and American Indian dropouts, students with academic problems, and students in good academic standing. J Couns Psychol 43(3):292–299CrossRef

Beyers JM, Loeber R, Wikström PH, Stouthamer-Loeber M (2001) What predicts adolescent violence in better-off neighborhoods? J Abnorm Child Psychol 29(5):369–381PubMedCrossRef

Bjarnason T, Sigurdardottir TJ, Thorlindsson T (1999) Human agency, capable guardians, and structural constraints: A lifestyle approach to the study of violent victimization. J Youth Adolesc 28(1):105–119CrossRef

Boney-McCoy S, Finkelhor D (1995) Psychosocial sequelae of violent victimization in a national youth sample. J of Consult Clin Psychol 63(5):726–736CrossRef

Brame B, Nagin DS, Tremblay RE (2001) Developmental trajectories of physical aggression from school entry to late adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Appl Discip 42(4):503–512CrossRef

Broidy LM, et al. (2003) Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Dev Psychol 39(2):222–245PubMedCrossRef

Bureau of Justice Statistics (1999) Special report: Women offenders (NCJ 175688). Greenfeld & Snell, Washington, DC

Bureau of Justice Statistics (2001) Criminal Victimization 2001: Violent victimization rates by age: 2001. US Department of Justice, Washington, DC. Retrieved October 3rd, 2003 from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/welcome.html

Cairns RB, Cairns BD, Neckerman HJ, Ferguson LL, Gariepy JL (1989) Growth and aggression: 1. Childhood to early adolescence. Dev Psychol 25(2):320–330CrossRef

Carlo G, Raffaelli M, Laible DJ, Meyer KA (1999) Why are girls less physically aggressive than boys? Personality and parenting mediators of physical aggression. Sex Roles 40(9/10):711–729CrossRef

Dodge KA (1991) The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression. In: Pepler DJ, Rubin KH (eds) The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp 201–218

Evans WP, Marte RM, Betts S, Silliman B (2001) Adolescent suicide risk and peer-related violent behaviors and victimization. J Interpers Violence 16(12):1330–1348CrossRef

Fagan AA (2003) The short- and long-term effects of adolescent violent victimization experienced within the family and community. Violence Victims 18(4):445–458CrossRef

Fehon DC, Grilo CM, Lipschitz DS (2001) Gender differences in violence exposure and violence risk among adolescent inpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 189(8):532–540PubMedCrossRef

Flannery DJ, Williams LL, Vazsonyi AT (1999) Who are they with and what are they doing? Delinquent behavior, substance abuse, and early adolescents’ after-school time. Am J Orthopsychiatry 69(2):247–253PubMedCrossRef

Franke TM (2000) The role of attachment as a protective factor in adolescent violent behavior. Adolesc Fam Health 1(1):40–51

Gormon-Smith D, Tolan PH, Zelli A, Huesmann LR (1996) The relation of family functioning to violence among inner-city minority youths. J Fam Psychol 10(2):115–129CrossRef

Graham K, Wells S (2001) The two worlds of aggression for men and women. Sex Roles 45(9–10):595–622CrossRef

Hanish LD, Guerra NG (2002) A longitudinal analysis of patterns of adjustment following peer victimization. Dev Psychopathol 14(1):69–89PubMedCrossRef

Herrenkohl TI, Hill KG, Chung I, Guo J, Abbot RD, Hawkins JD (2003) Protective factors against serious violent behavior in adolescence: A prospective study of aggressive children. Soc Work Res 27(3):179–191

Hill HM, Jones LP (1997) Children’s and parents’ perceptions of children’s exposure to violence in urban neighborhoods. J Nat Med Assoc 89(4):270–276

Hindelang MJ (1976) Criminal victimization in eight American cities. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA

Hinton-Nelson MD, Roberts MC, Snyder CR (1996) Early adolescents exposed to violence: Hope and vulnerability to victimization. Am J Orthopsychiatry 66(3):346–353PubMedCrossRef

Hodges EVE, Boivin M, Vitaro F, Bukowski WM (1999) The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Dev Psychology 35(1):94–101CrossRef

Howard DE, Feigelman S, Li X, Cross S, Rachuba L (2002) The relationship among violence victimization, witnessing violence, and youth distress. J Adolesc Health 31(6):455–462PubMedCrossRef

Kilpatrick DG, Aciermo R, Saunders BE, Resnick H, Best C, Shnurr P (2000) Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: Data from a national sample. J Consult Clin Psychol 68(1):19–30PubMedCrossRef

Kochenderfer BJ, Ladd GW (1997) Victimized children’s response to peers’ aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced versus continued victimization. Dev Psychopathology 9(1):59–73CrossRef

Lauritsen JL, Laub JH, Sampson RJ (1992) Conventional and delinquent activities: Implications for the prevention of violent victimization among adolescents. Violence Victims 7(2):91–108

Liard RD, Pettit GS, Dodge KA, Bates JE (2003) Change in parent’s monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and anti-social behavior. Soc Dev 12(3):401–419CrossRef

Loeber R, Dishion T (1983) Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychol Bull 94(1):68–99PubMedCrossRef

Loeber R, Kalb L, Huizinga D (2001) Juvenile delinquency and serious injury victimization. Juvenile Justice Bulletin (August 2001). US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Lopez VA, Emmer ET (2002) Influences of beliefs and values on male adolescents’ decision to commit violent offenses. Psychol Men Masculinity 3(1):28–40CrossRef

Maccoby EE, Jacklin CN (1974) The psychology of sex differences. Stanford University Press, Stanford

Macmillan R (2001) Violence and the life course: The consequences of victimization for personal and social development. Ann Rev: Sociol 27(1):1–22CrossRef

Masten AS, Coatsworth J (1998) The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. Am Psychol 53(2):205–220PubMedCrossRef

Menard S (2002) Short and long-term consequences of adolescent victimization, Youth Violence Research Bulletin (February, 2002). Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/yv_2002_2_1/contents.html

Montemayor R (1982) The relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and the amount of time adolescents spent alone and with parents and peers. Child Dev 53(6):1512–1519CrossRef

Nagin D, Tremblay RE (1999) Trajectories of boys’ physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physical violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. Child Dev 70(5):1181–1196PubMedCrossRef

Patterson GR (1980) Children who steal. In: Hirschi T, Gottrefson M (eds) Understanding crime: Current theory and research, vol 18. Sage, London, pp 411–455

Patterson GR (1982) Coercive family process. Castalia, Eugene, OR

Patterson GR, Reid JB, Dishion TJ (1992) Antisocial boys. Castalia, Eugene, OR

Pellegrini AD, Bartini M, Brooks F (1999) School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. J Educ Psychol 91(2):216–224CrossRef

Perry DG, Kusel SJ, Perry LC (1988) Victims of peer aggression. Dev Psychol 24(6):807–814CrossRef

Poulin F, Boivin M (2000) Reactive and proactive aggression: Evidence of a two-factor model. Psychol Assess 12(2):115–122PubMedCrossRef

Price AW (2001) Family and community-level moderators of adolescent exposure to community and domestic violence. Dissertation Abstr Int 62(3):1621B

Reese LE, Vera EM, Simon TR, Ikeda RM (2000) The role of families and care givers as risk and protective factors in preventing youth violence. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 3(1):2000CrossRef

Scarpa A (2003) Community violence exposure in young adults. Trauma, Violence, Abuse 4(3):210–227CrossRef

Shaffer JN, Ruback RB (2002) Violent victimization as a risk factor for violent offending among juveniles. Juvenile Justice Bulletin (December, 2002). Retrieved October 14th, 2003 from http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/195737.pdf

Shahinfar A, Kupersmidt JB, Matza LS (2001) The relation between exposure to violence and social information processing among incarcerated adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 110(1):136–141PubMedCrossRef

Singer S (1986) Victims of serious violence and their criminal behavior: Subcultural theory and beyond. Victims Violence 1(1):61–70

Slovak K (2002) Gun violence and children: Factors related to exposure and trauma. Health Soc Work 27(2):104–112PubMed

Slovak K, Singer MI (2002) Children and violence: Findings and implications from a rural community. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 19(1):35–56CrossRef

Spillane-Grieco E (2000) From parent verbal abuse to teenage physical aggression? Child Adolesc Soc Work J 17(6):411–430CrossRef

Starrels ME (1994) Gender differences in parent-child relations. J Fam Issues 15(1):148–165CrossRef

Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (1989) Using multivariate statistics, 2nd ed. Harper Collins, New York, NY

Thornton TN, Craft CA, Dahlberg LL, Lynch BS, Baer K (2002) Best practices of youth violence prevention: A sourcebook for community action. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on February 8th, 2004 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/bestpractices.htm

Udry JR (1997) The national longitudinal study of adolescent health (Add Health), Waves I & II, 1994–1996 (Data sets 48–50, 98, A1–A3, Kelly, M. S., Peterson, J. L.) [machine-readable data file and documentation]. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Producer), Chapel Hill, NC. Sociometrics Corporation, American Family Data Archive (Producer & Distributor), Los Altos, CA

Wallen J, Rubin RH (1997) The role of the family in mediating the effects of community violence on children. Aggression Violent Behav 2(1):33–41CrossRef

Widom CS (1989) The cycle of violence. Science 244(4901):160–166PubMedCrossRef

Wolfgang ME, Ferracuti F (1967) The subculture of violence: Towards an integrated theory in criminology. Tavistock, New York, NY

Titel: Violent Victimization, Aggression, and Parent-Adolescent Relations: Quality Parenting as a Buffer for Violently Victimized Youth
Auteurs: Mario J. Aceves
Jeffrey T. Cookston
Publicatiedatum: 01-07-2007
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2007
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9131-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2007

The Relative Importance of Mothers’ and Youths’ Neighborhood Perceptions for Youth Alcohol Use and Delinquency

Original Article

The Role of Peer Contacts in the Relationship Between Parental Knowledge and Adolescents' Externalizing Behaviors: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach

Original Paper

Compounded Risk: The Implications for Delinquency of Coming from a Poor Family that Lives in a Poor Community

Original Paper

Differential Parental Treatment, Sibling Relationships and Delinquency in Adolescence

Original Paper

Athletic Involvement and Adolescent Delinquency

Original Paper

Adolescents’ internalizing and aggressive behaviors and perceptions of parents’ psychological control: a panel study examining direction of effects

Original Paper