Top

Gepubliceerd in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

8. Vetzuur- en cholesterolafgeleiden

Auteur : Prof. dr. F.C. Schuit

Gepubliceerd in: Leerboek metabolisme en voeding

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Samenvatting

Hoofdstuk 8 bespreekt enkele belangrijke afgeleide moleculen van vetzuren en cholesterol. De metabole verklaring is dat vetzuren en cholesterol aan de basis liggen van vertakte stambomen van synthesereacties. Sommige van deze afgeleide moleculen spelen een rol als signaaloverdragende moleculen. Van vetzuur afgeleide moleculen vinden we in de vorm van triglyceriden (vet in vetcellen), membraanlipiden, maar ook als eicosanoïden. Tot deze laatste groep behoren prostaglandinen en leukotriënen, die onder andere een rol spelen bij bloedplaatjesaggregatie en ontstekingsreacties. Belangrijke van cholesterol afgeleide moleculen zijn galzouten, die de vetvertering in de darm ondersteunen, en de steroïdhormonen, zoals de bijniersteroïden (cortisol, aldosteron en dehydro-epiandrosteron) en de geslachtssteroïden (oestrogenen en testosteron). Ten slotte bespreken we vitamine D, dat in de huid als cholesterolafgeleide ontstaat en via lever en nier tweemaal wordt geoxideerd tot calcitriol, dat een rol speelt in het calciumhuishouding van het lichaam. De vele soorten hydroxyleringsreacties voor de van cholesterol afgeleide moleculen worden gekatalyseerd door leden van de cytochroom-P₄₅₀-familie. Deze familie speelt ook een rol in fase 1 van de detoxificatie van allerlei ongewenste stoffen (xenobiotica), een belangrijk aspect van het geneesmiddelenmetabolisme.

vorige hoofdstuk Vetzuursynthese, cholesterolsynthese en pentosefosfaatweg

volgende hoofdstuk Aminozuurmetabolisme

Andreeva, A.V., Kutuzov, M.A. & Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA (2007). Regulation of surfactant secretion in alveolar type II cells. Am J Physiol. 293, L259–271.

Andersson, H., Kaplan, P., Kacena, K. & Yee, J. (2008). Eight-year clinical outcomes of long-term enzyme replacement therapy for 884 children with Gaucher disease type 1. Pediatrics. 122, 1182–1190.

Andersson, M. (1982). Female choice selects for extreme tail length in a widowbird. Nature 299, 818–820.CrossRef

Androutsopoulos, V.P., Tsatsakis, A.M. & Spandidos, D.A. (2009). Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1: wider roles in cancer progression & prevention. BMC. Cancer 9, 187.

Austen, K.F. (2008). The cysteinyl leukotrienes: where do they come from? What are they? Where are they going? Nat. Immunol. 9, 113–115.CrossRef

Awan, A. & Esfahani, K. (2018) Endocrine therapy for breast cancer in the primary care setting. Curr Oncol. 25, 285–291.

Bandeira-Melo, C. & Weller, P.F. (2003). Eosinophils & cysteinyl leukotrienes. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 69,135–143.

Black, D.M. & Rosen CJ. (2016) Clinical Practice. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 374, 254–62.

Blankman, J.L. & Cravatt B.F. (2013). Chemical probes of endocannabinoid metabolism. Pharmacol Rev. 65, 849–871.

Brune, K. & Furst, D.E. (2007). Combining enzyme specificity & tissue selectivity of cyclooxygenase inhibitors: towards better tolerability? Rheumatology. (Oxford). 46, 911–919.

Cain, D.W., Cidlowski, J.A. (2017) Immune regulation by glucocorticoids. Nat Rev Immunol. 17, 233–247.CrossRef

Celec, P. & Starka, L. (2003). Dehydroepiandrosterone – is the fountain of youth drying out? Physiol. Res. 52, 397–407.

Dembitsky, V.M. (2004). Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 1. Glycosides of fatty acids & alcohols. Lipids. 39, 933–953.

Fioretti, F.M., Sita-Lumsden, A., Bevan, C.L. & Brooke, G. (2014). Revising the role of the androgen receptor in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol. 52, R257–R265.

Fichna, J., Janecka, A., Costentin, J., & Do Rego, J.C. (2007) The endomorphin system and its evolving neurophysiological role. Pharmacol Rev. 59, 88–123.

Fujieda, M. et al. (2004) Evaluation of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms as determinants of smoking behavior and tobacco-related lung cancer risk in male Japanese smokers. Carcinogenesis 25, 2451–8.CrossRef

Groner, A.C. & Brown, M. (2017) Role of steroid receptor and coregulator mutations in hormone-dependent cancers. J Clin Invest. 127, 1126–1135.

Harno, E. et al. (2018) POMC: The Physiological Power of Hormone Processing. Physiol Rev. 98, 2381–2430.CrossRef

Herzog, E.L., Brody, A.R., Colby, T.V., Mason, R. & Williams, M.C. (2008). Knowns and unknowns of the alveolus. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 5, 778–782.

Kahwati, L.C. et al. (2018) Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 319, 1600–1612.CrossRef

Ketterson, E.D., Atwell, J.W. & McGlothlin, J.W. (2009). Phenotypic integration and independence: Hormones, performance, and response to environmental change. Integr Comp Biol. 49, 365–379.

Khosla, S. & Hofbauer, L.C. (2017) Osteoporosis treatment: recent developments and ongoing challenges. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 5, 898–907.

Lanas, A. (2009). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs & cyclooxygenase inhibition in the gastrointestinal tract: a trip from peptic ulcer to colon cancer. Am. J. Med. Sci. 338, 96–106.

Lima, J.J. (2007). Treatment heterogeneity in asthma: genetics of response to leukotriene modifiers. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 11, 97–104.CrossRef

Luchicchi, A. & Pistis M. (2012). Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol: pharmacological properties, functional features, and emerging specificities of the two major endocannabinoids. Mol Neurobiol. 46, 374–392.

Marchioli, R., Schweiger, C., Tavazzi, L. & Valagussa, F. (2001). Efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: results of GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico. Lipids. 36(Suppl), S119–S126.

Maegawa, G.H., Stockley, T., Tropak, M., Banwell, B., Blaser, S., Kok, F., et al. (2006). The natural history of juvenile or subacute GM2 gangliosidosis: 21 new cases & literature review of 134 previously reported. Pediatrics. 118, e1550–e1562.

Martino, S., Costantino, J., McNabb, M., Mershon, J., Bryant, K., Powles, T. & Secrest, R.J. (2004). The role of selective estrogen receptor modulators in the prevention of breast cancer: comparison of the clinical trials. Oncologist. 9, 116–125.

Mitchell, J.A. & Warner, T.D. (2006). COX isoforms in the cardiovascular system: understanding the activities of non-steroïdal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 5, 75–86.

Myerowitz, R. (1997). Tay-Sachs disease-causing mutations & neutral polymorphisms in the Hex A gene. Hum. Mutat. 9, 195–208.

Nacusi, L.P. & Tindall, D.J. (2011). Targeting 5α-reductase for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Urol. 8, 378–384.

Naurin, S., et al. (2011). The sex-biased brain: sexual dimorphism in gene expression in two species of songbirds. BMC Genomics. 12, 37.

Nkadi, P.O., Merritt, T.A. & Pillers, D.A. (2009). An overview of pulmonary surfactant in the neonate: genetics, metabolism, & the role of surfactant in health & disease. Mol. Genet. Metab. 97, 95–101.

Ogretmen, B. (2018) Sphingolipid metabolism in cancer signalling and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 18, 33–50.CrossRef

Peterson, M.P., et al. (2013). Testosterone affects neural gene expression differently in male and female juncos: a role for hormones in mediating sexual dimorphism and conflict. PloS One. 8, e61784.CrossRef

Reddy, D.S. (2010). Neurosteroids: endogenous role in the human brain and therapeutic potentials. Prog Brain Res. 186, 113–137.

Raghavendran, K., Willson, D., Notter, R.H. (2011) Surfactant therapy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 27, 525–59.CrossRef

Rizzoli, R. et al. (2013) Vitamin D supplementation in elderly or postmenopausal women: a 2013 update of the 2008 recommendations from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Curr Med Res Opin. 29, 305–13.

Rostom, A., Dube, C., Lewin, G., Tsertsvadze, A., Barrowman, N., Code, C., et al. (2007). Nonsteroïdal anti-inflammatory drugs& cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for primary prevention of colorectal cancer: a systematic review prepared for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 376–389.

Rosvall, K.A., et al. (2012). Neural sensitivity to sex steroids predicts individual differences in aggression: implications for behavioural evolution. Proc Biol Sci. 279, 3547–3555.CrossRef

Sansen, S., Yano, J.K., Reynald, R.L., Schoch, G.A., Griffin, K.J., Stout, C.D., et al. (2007). Adaptations for the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exhibited by the structure of human P450 1A2. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14348–14355.CrossRef

Schlinger, B.A. & Remage-Healey, L. (2012). Neurosteroidogenesis: insights from studies of songbirds. J Neuroendocrinol. 24, 16–21.

Serhan, C.N. (2014) Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature. 510, 92–101.CrossRef

Soccio, R.E. & Breslow, J.L. (2003). StAR-related lipid transfer (START) proteins: mediators of intracellular lipid metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 22183–22186.

Tantisira, K.G. & Drazen, J.M. (2009). Genetics & pharmacogenetics of the leukotriene pathway. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 124, 422–427.

van den Beld, A.W., Kaufman. J.M., Zillikens, M.C., Lamberts, S.W.J., Egan, J.M. & van der Lely A.J. (2018) The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 6, 647–658.

Waters, P., Vaid, M., Kishore,U. & Madan, T. (2009). Lung surfactant proteins A & D as pattern recognition proteins. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 653, 74–97.

Weylandt, K.H., Chiu, C.Y., Gomolka, B., Waechter, S.F. & Wiedenmann B. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid mediators: towards an understanding of resolvin and protectin formation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 97, 73–82.

White, P.C. (2009). Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 5, 490–498.CrossRef

Wirbelauer, J. & Speer, C.P. (2009). The role of surfactant treatment in preterm infants & term newborns with acute respiratory distress syndrome. J. Perinatol. 29 Suppl 2, S18–S22.

Zanger, U.M. & Schwab, M. (2013) Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther. 138, 103–41.

Zhang, M.J. & Spite M (2012). Resolvins: anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediators derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Annu Rev Nutr. 32, 203–227.

Zou, S. & Kumar, U. (2018) Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 19, pii: E833.

Zhou, S.F., Liu, J.P. & Chowbay, B. (2009). Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes & its clinical impact. Drug Metab. Rev. 41, 89–295.

Titel: Vetzuur- en cholesterolafgeleiden
Auteur: Prof. dr. F.C. Schuit
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Leerboek metabolisme en voeding
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2357-9

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2358-6

Copyright: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2358-6_8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Samenvatting

Log in om toegang te krijgen