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2019 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

7. Vetzuursynthese, cholesterolsynthese en pentosefosfaatweg

Auteur : Prof. dr. F.C. Schuit

Gepubliceerd in: Leerboek metabolisme en voeding

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Hoofdstuk 7 bekijkt de aanmaak van nieuwe vetzuren en cholesterol vanuit de gemeenschappelijke bouwsteen acetyl-CoA. Beide reductieve syntheseprocessen vergen geactiveerde bouwstenen: malonyl-CoA voor vetzuursynthese en isopentenylpyrofosfaat voor cholesterolsynthese. De vorming van malonyl-CoA is de fluxcontrolerende stap; de eigenlijke synthesereacties gebeuren via het vetzuursynthase, een multifunctioneel enzym. Het voltooide C-16 vetzuur kan door elongasen en desaturasen nog worden verlengd of worden voorzien van cis-dubbele bindingen. De fluxcontrolerende stap van de cholesterolsynthese is het HMG-CoA-reductase. Naast de novo cholesterolsynthese kunnen cellen ook cholesterol opnemen via receptorgemedieerde endocytose van low density lipoproteïne (LDL). Andere belangrijke lipoproteïnen die cholesterol kunnen bevatten, zijn chylomicronen, very low density lipoproteïne (VLDL) en high density lipoproteïne (HDL). Deze laatste brengt overtollig cholesterol van de periferie naar de lever, die cholesterol uitscheidt als galzouten. Cholesterolopstapeling in de bloedvaten leidt tot atherosclerose. Dit proces kan worden tegengegaan door cholesterolverlagende maatregelen, zoals een aangepast dieet en statinen, geneesmiddelen die het HMG-CoA-reductase remmen. Zowel vetzuursynthese als cholesterolsynthese vragen naast de bouwstenen voor het koolstofskelet ook een grote hoeveelheid NADPH om dit koolstofskelet te reduceren. In belangrijke mate wordt deze NADPH geleverd door de pentosefosfaatweg.

vorige hoofdstuk Glycogeenmetabolisme, gluconeogenese en ketogenese

volgende hoofdstuk Vetzuur- en cholesterolafgeleiden

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Titel: Vetzuursynthese, cholesterolsynthese en pentosefosfaatweg
Auteur: Prof. dr. F.C. Schuit
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Leerboek metabolisme en voeding
Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2357-9

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2358-6

Copyright: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2358-6_7

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