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Cognitive Therapy and Research

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11-09-2022 | Original Article

The Lasting Effects of Early Adversity and Updating Ability on the Tendency to Develop PTSD Symptoms Following Exposure to Trauma in Adulthood

Auteurs: Shilat Haim-Nachum, M. Roxanne Sopp, George A. Bonanno, Einat Levy-Gigi

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 6/2022

Abstract

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) serve as a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those who experience additional adult trauma. However, while some individuals with ACEs develop severe PTSD symptoms following exposure to additional adult trauma, others do not. We propose that updating prior knowledge in the face of new inconsistent information may account for these individual differences. This notion is based on prior work showing that for individuals with a reduced ability to update negative-to-positive outcome associations, greater trauma is correlated with elevated PTSD symptoms. On the other hand, individuals with flexible updating do not develop such symptoms. Objective.

Here, we tested whether reduced updating moderates the relationship between ACEs and PTSD symptoms following additional adult trauma.

Methods

Firefighters (N = 123, Mage = 28.02, SDage = 4.69) were assessed for childhood adversity and PTSD symptoms and completed a performance-based learning paradigm to evaluate reduced updating.

Results

We predicted and found strong associations between ACEs and PTSD symptoms for individuals with reduced updating of negative–but not positive–outcomes.

Conclusions

The results may serve as a first step toward improving mental health outcomes in individuals with ACEs and protecting them from the aversive effect of exposure to additional adult trauma.

vorige artikel Differential Effect of Emotional Stimuli on Performance on Verbal and Facial Priming Tasks and Their Relation to PTSD Symptoms in Girls with Intrafamiliar Sexual Abuse

volgende artikel Intergenerational Transmission of Social Anxiety in Childhood Through Fear of Negative Child Evaluation and Parenting

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Titel: The Lasting Effects of Early Adversity and Updating Ability on the Tendency to Develop PTSD Symptoms Following Exposure to Trauma in Adulthood
Auteurs: Shilat Haim-Nachum
M. Roxanne Sopp
George A. Bonanno
Einat Levy-Gigi
Publicatiedatum: 11-09-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-022-10328-7

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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