Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

18-06-2015 | Original Paper

The Experience of Being the Parent of an Adolescent with a Diagnosis of Depression

Auteurs: Emily Stapley, Nick Midgley, Mary Target

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Although there is a growing research literature exploring the experience of being the parent of an adolescent with mental health issues, there is little looking specifically at parents of adolescents suffering from depression. This is surprising given that adolescence is a period of development associated with significant risk for the onset of severe depression. The aim of our study was to qualitatively examine the experience of being the parent of an adolescent (aged 11–17) who had recently been referred to child and adolescent mental health services in the United Kingdom and diagnosed with moderate to severe depression. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 48 parents. A thematic analysis revealed four main themes: parents’ ‘lack of awareness’ that their child was experiencing depression or that their child was experiencing any problem at all; the ‘emotional turmoil’ that parents were experiencing alongside that of their child; parents’ feelings of ‘helplessness’; and ‘parenting in overdrive’. Overall, the findings of our study indicate that the strain and stress that can be experienced by parents of adolescents with a diagnosis of depression, at the outset of their child’s treatment, is significant. Moreover, these parents’ experiences are comparable to those of parents of adolescents diagnosed with such disorders as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or eating disorders.
Literatuur
go back to reference Alegria, M., Canino, G., Lai, S., Ramirez, R. R., Chavez, L., Rusch, D., & Shrout, P. E. (2004). Understanding caregivers’ help-seeking for Latino children’s mental health care use. Medical Care, 42, 447–455.PubMedCrossRef Alegria, M., Canino, G., Lai, S., Ramirez, R. R., Chavez, L., Rusch, D., & Shrout, P. E. (2004). Understanding caregivers’ help-seeking for Latino children’s mental health care use. Medical Care, 42, 447–455.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC: APA. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Washington DC: APA.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Washington DC: APA. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Washington DC: APA.
go back to reference Angold, A., Messer, S. C., Stangl, D., Farmer, E. M. Z., Costello, E. J., & Burns, B. J. (1998). Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 75–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Angold, A., Messer, S. C., Stangl, D., Farmer, E. M. Z., Costello, E. J., & Burns, B. J. (1998). Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 75–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Barksdale, C. L., Walrath, C. M., Compton, J. S., & Goldston, D. B. (2009). Caregiver strain and youth suicide attempt: Are they related? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 152–160.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Barksdale, C. L., Walrath, C. M., Compton, J. S., & Goldston, D. B. (2009). Caregiver strain and youth suicide attempt: Are they related? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 152–160.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (Vol. 2). London: Sage Publications. Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (Vol. 2). London: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Bianchi, S. M. (2000). Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demography, 37, 401–414.PubMedCrossRef Bianchi, S. M. (2000). Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demography, 37, 401–414.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Blum, L. M. (2007). Mother-blame in the Prozac nation: Raising kids with invisible disabilities. Gender & Society, 21, 202–226.CrossRef Blum, L. M. (2007). Mother-blame in the Prozac nation: Raising kids with invisible disabilities. Gender & Society, 21, 202–226.CrossRef
go back to reference Bone, C., O’Reilly, M., Karim, K., & Vostansis, P. (2014). ‘They’re not witches…’. Young children and their parents’ perceptions and experiences of child and adolescent mental health services. Child: Care, Health and Development. doi:10.1111/cch.12161. Bone, C., O’Reilly, M., Karim, K., & Vostansis, P. (2014). ‘They’re not witches…’. Young children and their parents’ perceptions and experiences of child and adolescent mental health services. Child: Care, Health and Development. doi:10.​1111/​cch.​12161.
go back to reference Bradby, H., Varyani, M., Oglethorpe, R., Raine, W., White, I., & Helen, M. (2007). British Asian families and the use of child and adolescent mental health services: A qualitative study of a hard to reach group. Social Science and Medicine, 65, 2413–2424.PubMedCrossRef Bradby, H., Varyani, M., Oglethorpe, R., Raine, W., White, I., & Helen, M. (2007). British Asian families and the use of child and adolescent mental health services: A qualitative study of a hard to reach group. Social Science and Medicine, 65, 2413–2424.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.CrossRef Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Byrne, S., Morgan, S., Fitzpatrick, C., Boylan, C., Crowley, S., Gahan, H., et al. (2008). Deliberate self-harm in children and adolescents: A qualitative study exploring the needs of parents and carers. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, 493–504.PubMedCrossRef Byrne, S., Morgan, S., Fitzpatrick, C., Boylan, C., Crowley, S., Gahan, H., et al. (2008). Deliberate self-harm in children and adolescents: A qualitative study exploring the needs of parents and carers. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, 493–504.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chesla, C. A. (1991). Parents’ caring practices with schizophrenic offspring. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 446–468.CrossRef Chesla, C. A. (1991). Parents’ caring practices with schizophrenic offspring. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 446–468.CrossRef
go back to reference Choate, P. W. (2011). Adolescent addiction: What parents need? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1359–1364.CrossRef Choate, P. W. (2011). Adolescent addiction: What parents need? Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1359–1364.CrossRef
go back to reference Corcoran, C., Gerson, R., Sills-Shahar, R., Nickou, C., McGlashan, T., Malaspina, D., & Davidson, L. (2007). Trajectory to a first episode of psychosis: A qualitative research study with families. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 1, 308–315.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Corcoran, C., Gerson, R., Sills-Shahar, R., Nickou, C., McGlashan, T., Malaspina, D., & Davidson, L. (2007). Trajectory to a first episode of psychosis: A qualitative research study with families. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 1, 308–315.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Cottee-Lane, D., Pistrang, N., & Bryant-Waugh, R. (2004). Childhood onset anorexia nervosa: The experience of parents. European Eating Disorders Review, 12, 169–177.CrossRef Cottee-Lane, D., Pistrang, N., & Bryant-Waugh, R. (2004). Childhood onset anorexia nervosa: The experience of parents. European Eating Disorders Review, 12, 169–177.CrossRef
go back to reference Dundon, E. E. (2006). Adolescent depression: A metasynthesis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 20, 384–392.PubMedCrossRef Dundon, E. E. (2006). Adolescent depression: A metasynthesis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 20, 384–392.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dunn, V., & Goodyer, I. M. (2006). Longitudinal investigation into childhood- and adolescence-onset depression: Psychiatric outcome in early adulthood. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 216–222.PubMedCrossRef Dunn, V., & Goodyer, I. M. (2006). Longitudinal investigation into childhood- and adolescence-onset depression: Psychiatric outcome in early adulthood. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 216–222.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Early, T. J., Gregoire, T. K., & McDonald, T. P. (2002). Child functioning and caregiver well-being in families of children with emotional disorders: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 374–391.CrossRef Early, T. J., Gregoire, T. K., & McDonald, T. P. (2002). Child functioning and caregiver well-being in families of children with emotional disorders: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 374–391.CrossRef
go back to reference Elliott, R., Slatick, E., & Urman, M. (2001). Qualitative change process research on psychotherapy: Alternative strategies. In J. Frommer & D. L. Rennie (Eds.), Qualitative psychotherapy research: Methods and methodology (pp. 69–111). Lengerich: Pabst Science. Elliott, R., Slatick, E., & Urman, M. (2001). Qualitative change process research on psychotherapy: Alternative strategies. In J. Frommer & D. L. Rennie (Eds.), Qualitative psychotherapy research: Methods and methodology (pp. 69–111). Lengerich: Pabst Science.
go back to reference Firmin, M. W., & Phillips, A. (2009). A qualitative study of families and children possessing diagnoses of ADHD. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 1155–1174.CrossRef Firmin, M. W., & Phillips, A. (2009). A qualitative study of families and children possessing diagnoses of ADHD. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 1155–1174.CrossRef
go back to reference Francis, A. A. (2012a). The dynamics of family trouble: Middle-class parents whose children have problems. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 41, 371–401.CrossRef Francis, A. A. (2012a). The dynamics of family trouble: Middle-class parents whose children have problems. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 41, 371–401.CrossRef
go back to reference Francis, A. A. (2012b). Stigma in an era of medicalisation and anxious parenting: How proximity and culpability shape middle-class parents’ experiences of disgrace. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34, 927–942.CrossRef Francis, A. A. (2012b). Stigma in an era of medicalisation and anxious parenting: How proximity and culpability shape middle-class parents’ experiences of disgrace. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34, 927–942.CrossRef
go back to reference Fraser, C., & Warr, D. J. (2009). Challenging roles: Insights into issues for men caring for family members with mental illness. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 36–49.PubMedCrossRef Fraser, C., & Warr, D. J. (2009). Challenging roles: Insights into issues for men caring for family members with mental illness. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 36–49.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Furnham, A. (2009). Psychiatric and psychotherapeutic literacy: Attitudes to, and knowledge of, psychotherapy. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55, 525–537.PubMedCrossRef Furnham, A. (2009). Psychiatric and psychotherapeutic literacy: Attitudes to, and knowledge of, psychotherapy. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55, 525–537.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Futh, A., Simonds, L. M., & Micali, N. (2012). Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Parental understanding, accommodation, coping and distress. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 624–632.PubMedCrossRef Futh, A., Simonds, L. M., & Micali, N. (2012). Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: Parental understanding, accommodation, coping and distress. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 624–632.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goodyer, I. M., Tsancheva, S., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., Kelvin, R., et al. (2011). Improving mood with psychoanalytic and cognitive therapies (IMPACT): A pragmatic effectiveness superiority trial to investigate whether specialised psychological treatment reduces the risk for relapse in adolescents with moderate to severe unipolar depression: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 12, 1–12.CrossRef Goodyer, I. M., Tsancheva, S., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., Kelvin, R., et al. (2011). Improving mood with psychoanalytic and cognitive therapies (IMPACT): A pragmatic effectiveness superiority trial to investigate whether specialised psychological treatment reduces the risk for relapse in adolescents with moderate to severe unipolar depression: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 12, 1–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Harden, J. (2005). “Uncharted waters”: The experience of parents of young people with mental health problems. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 207–223.PubMedCrossRef Harden, J. (2005). “Uncharted waters”: The experience of parents of young people with mental health problems. Qualitative Health Research, 15, 207–223.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Highet, N., McNair, B. G., Davenport, T. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2004). “How much more can we lose?”: Carer and family perspectives on living with a person with depression. Medical Journal of Australia, 181, 56–59. Highet, N., McNair, B. G., Davenport, T. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2004). “How much more can we lose?”: Carer and family perspectives on living with a person with depression. Medical Journal of Australia, 181, 56–59.
go back to reference Highet, N., Thompson, M., & McNair, B. (2005). Identifying depression in a family member: The carers’ experience. Journal of Affective Disorders, 87, 25–33.PubMedCrossRef Highet, N., Thompson, M., & McNair, B. (2005). Identifying depression in a family member: The carers’ experience. Journal of Affective Disorders, 87, 25–33.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoskins, M. L., & Lam, E. (2003). The impact of daughters’ eating disorders on mothers’ sense of self: Contextualizing mothering experiences. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 35, 157–175. Hoskins, M. L., & Lam, E. (2003). The impact of daughters’ eating disorders on mothers’ sense of self: Contextualizing mothering experiences. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 35, 157–175.
go back to reference Joffe, H., & Bettega, N. (2003). Social representation of AIDS among Zambian adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 616–631.PubMedCrossRef Joffe, H., & Bettega, N. (2003). Social representation of AIDS among Zambian adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 616–631.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Joffe, H. & Washer, P. (2007). Public engagement with MRSA: Full research report. ESRC End of Award Report, RES-000-22-1694. Swindon, England: ESRC. Joffe, H. & Washer, P. (2007). Public engagement with MRSA: Full research report. ESRC End of Award Report, RES-000-22-1694. Swindon, England: ESRC.
go back to reference Johansson, A., Anderzen-Carlsson, A., Ahlin, A., & Andershed, B. (2012). Fathers’ everyday experiences of having an adult child who suffers from long-term mental illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33, 109–117.PubMedCrossRef Johansson, A., Anderzen-Carlsson, A., Ahlin, A., & Andershed, B. (2012). Fathers’ everyday experiences of having an adult child who suffers from long-term mental illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33, 109–117.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Karp, D. A., & Tanarugsachock, V. (2000). Mental illness, caregiving, and emotion management. Qualitative Health Research, 10, 6–25.PubMedCrossRef Karp, D. A., & Tanarugsachock, V. (2000). Mental illness, caregiving, and emotion management. Qualitative Health Research, 10, 6–25.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaslow, N. J., Deering, C. G., & Racusin, G. R. (1994). Depressed children and their families. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 39–59.CrossRef Kaslow, N. J., Deering, C. G., & Racusin, G. R. (1994). Depressed children and their families. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 39–59.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 36, 980–988.CrossRef Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 36, 980–988.CrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., & Ries Merikangas, K. (2001). Mood disorders in children and adolescents: An epidemiologic perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 1002–1014.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., & Ries Merikangas, K. (2001). Mood disorders in children and adolescents: An epidemiologic perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 1002–1014.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Knock, J., Kline, E., Schiffman, J., Maynard, A., & Reeves, G. (2011). Burdens and difficulties experienced by caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A qualitative study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 349–354.PubMedCrossRef Knock, J., Kline, E., Schiffman, J., Maynard, A., & Reeves, G. (2011). Burdens and difficulties experienced by caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A qualitative study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 349–354.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Logan, D. E., & King, C. A. (2002). Parental identification of depression and mental health service use among depressed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 296–304.PubMedCrossRef Logan, D. E., & King, C. A. (2002). Parental identification of depression and mental health service use among depressed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 296–304.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Malacrida, C. (2003). Cold comfort: Mothers, professionals, and attention deficit disorder. Canada: University of Toronto Press. Malacrida, C. (2003). Cold comfort: Mothers, professionals, and attention deficit disorder. Canada: University of Toronto Press.
go back to reference Marsh, D. T., & Johnson, D. L. (1997). The family experience of mental illness: Implications for intervention. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 229–237.CrossRef Marsh, D. T., & Johnson, D. L. (1997). The family experience of mental illness: Implications for intervention. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 229–237.CrossRef
go back to reference Martinez, R., Reynolds, S., & Howe, A. (2006). Factors that influence the detection of psychological problems in adolescents attending general practices. British Journal of General Practice, 56, 594–599.PubMedPubMedCentral Martinez, R., Reynolds, S., & Howe, A. (2006). Factors that influence the detection of psychological problems in adolescents attending general practices. British Journal of General Practice, 56, 594–599.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Maskill, V., Crowe, M., Luty, S., & Joyce, P. (2010). Two sides of the same coin: Caring for a person with bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17, 535–542.PubMedCrossRef Maskill, V., Crowe, M., Luty, S., & Joyce, P. (2010). Two sides of the same coin: Caring for a person with bipolar disorder. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17, 535–542.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McCann, T. V., Lubman, D. I., & Clark, E. (2011). First-time primary caregivers’ experience of caring for young adults with first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 381–388.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef McCann, T. V., Lubman, D. I., & Clark, E. (2011). First-time primary caregivers’ experience of caring for young adults with first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 381–388.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference McDonald, G., O’Brien, L., & Jackson, D. (2007). Guilt and shame: Experiences of parents of self-harming adolescents. Journal of Child Health Care, 11, 298–310.PubMedCrossRef McDonald, G., O’Brien, L., & Jackson, D. (2007). Guilt and shame: Experiences of parents of self-harming adolescents. Journal of Child Health Care, 11, 298–310.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Merikangas, K. R., He, J., Burstein, M., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., et al. (2011). Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey—Adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 32–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Merikangas, K. R., He, J., Burstein, M., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., et al. (2011). Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey—Adolescent supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 32–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Midgley, N., Ansaldo, F., Parkinson, S., Holmes, J., Stapley, E., & Target, M. (2011). Expectations of therapy interview (young person and parent versions). London: Anna Freud Centre (unpublished manuscript). Midgley, N., Ansaldo, F., Parkinson, S., Holmes, J., Stapley, E., & Target, M. (2011). Expectations of therapy interview (young person and parent versions). London: Anna Freud Centre (unpublished manuscript).
go back to reference Midgley, N., Ansaldo, F., & Target, M. (2014). The meaningful assessment of therapy outcomes: Incorporating a qualitative study into a randomized controlled trial evaluating the treatment of adolescent depression. Psychotherapy, 51, 128–137.PubMedCrossRef Midgley, N., Ansaldo, F., & Target, M. (2014). The meaningful assessment of therapy outcomes: Incorporating a qualitative study into a randomized controlled trial evaluating the treatment of adolescent depression. Psychotherapy, 51, 128–137.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Moses, T. (2010). Exploring parents’ self-blame in relation to adolescents’ mental disorders. Family Relations, 59, 103–120.CrossRef Moses, T. (2010). Exploring parents’ self-blame in relation to adolescents’ mental disorders. Family Relations, 59, 103–120.CrossRef
go back to reference Murray, L., Halligan, S., Goodyer, I., & Herbert, J. (2010). Disturbances in early parenting of depressed mothers and cortisol secretion in offspring: A preliminary study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 218–223.PubMedCrossRef Murray, L., Halligan, S., Goodyer, I., & Herbert, J. (2010). Disturbances in early parenting of depressed mothers and cortisol secretion in offspring: A preliminary study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 218–223.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nock, M. K., & Ferriter, C. (2005). Parent management of attendance and adherence in child and adolescent therapy: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 149–166.PubMedCrossRef Nock, M. K., & Ferriter, C. (2005). Parent management of attendance and adherence in child and adolescent therapy: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 149–166.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Oldershaw, A., Richards, C., Simic, M., & Schmidt, U. (2008). Parents’ perspectives on adolescent self-harm: Qualitative study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 140–144.PubMedCrossRef Oldershaw, A., Richards, C., Simic, M., & Schmidt, U. (2008). Parents’ perspectives on adolescent self-harm: Qualitative study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 140–144.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Perloe, A., Esposito-Smythers, C., Curby, T. W., & Renshaw, K. D. (2014). Current trajectories of change in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the TORDIA study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 612–628.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Perloe, A., Esposito-Smythers, C., Curby, T. W., & Renshaw, K. D. (2014). Current trajectories of change in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the TORDIA study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 612–628.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Philips, B., Werbart, A., & Schubert, J. (2005). Private theories and psychotherapeutic technique. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 19, 48–70.CrossRef Philips, B., Werbart, A., & Schubert, J. (2005). Private theories and psychotherapeutic technique. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 19, 48–70.CrossRef
go back to reference Pineda, A. Q., Cole, D. A., & Bruce, A. E. (2007). Mother–adolescent interactions and adolescent depressive symptoms: A sequential analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 5–19.CrossRef Pineda, A. Q., Cole, D. A., & Bruce, A. E. (2007). Mother–adolescent interactions and adolescent depressive symptoms: A sequential analysis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 5–19.CrossRef
go back to reference Rice, F., & Rawal, A. (2011). Can basic risk research help in the prevention of childhood and adolescent depression? Examining a cognitive and emotional regulation approach. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011, 1–11.CrossRef Rice, F., & Rawal, A. (2011). Can basic risk research help in the prevention of childhood and adolescent depression? Examining a cognitive and emotional regulation approach. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011, 1–11.CrossRef
go back to reference Sheeber, L., Hops, H., Andrews, J., Alpert, T., & Davis, B. (1998). Interactional processes in families with depressed and non-depressed adolescents: Reinforcement of depressive behavior. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 417–427.PubMedCrossRef Sheeber, L., Hops, H., Andrews, J., Alpert, T., & Davis, B. (1998). Interactional processes in families with depressed and non-depressed adolescents: Reinforcement of depressive behavior. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 417–427.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Balding, J. (1993). British parents’ beliefs about the causes of three forms of childhood psychological disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 367–376.PubMedCrossRef Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Balding, J. (1993). British parents’ beliefs about the causes of three forms of childhood psychological disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 367–376.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stice, E., Shaw, H., Bohon, C., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2009). A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 486–503.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Stice, E., Shaw, H., Bohon, C., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2009). A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: Factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 486–503.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Svensson, E., Nilsson, K., Levi, R., & Suarez, N. C. (2013). Parents’ experiences of having and caring for a child with an eating disorder. Eating Disorders, 21, 395–407.PubMedCrossRef Svensson, E., Nilsson, K., Levi, R., & Suarez, N. C. (2013). Parents’ experiences of having and caring for a child with an eating disorder. Eating Disorders, 21, 395–407.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wintersteen, R. T., & Rasmussen, K. L. (1997). Fathers of persons with mental illness: A preliminary study of coping capacity and service needs. Community Mental Health Journal, 33, 401–413.PubMedCrossRef Wintersteen, R. T., & Rasmussen, K. L. (1997). Fathers of persons with mental illness: A preliminary study of coping capacity and service needs. Community Mental Health Journal, 33, 401–413.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Experience of Being the Parent of an Adolescent with a Diagnosis of Depression
Auteurs
Emily Stapley
Nick Midgley
Mary Target
Publicatiedatum
18-06-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0237-0