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Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 11/2018

02-07-2018 | Empirical Research

The Effects of Neighborhood Context on Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Among Adolescents Involved in the Juvenile Justice System: Latent Classes and Contextual Effects

Auteurs: Kevin T. Wolff, Celina Cuevas, Jonathan Intravia, Michael T. Baglivio, Nathan Epps

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 11/2018

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Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor associated with a wide range of negative life outcomes, including juvenile delinquency. Much less work has explored whether certain combinations of ACEs, or typologies of trauma, exist, and whether or not these subgroups are differentially associated with certain youth-level and/or community-level characteristics. The current study uses latent class analysis to examine ACE typologies among a sample of over 92,000 juvenile offenders between the ages of 10 and 18 in the state of Florida (52% male, 37.3% White, 46.8% Black, 15.9% Hispanic). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression is used to assess the relationship between both individual- and community-level factors and class membership. The findings suggest that a total of five distinct ACE typologies exist among the sample of juvenile offenders, and age, race, and sex were significantly associated with class membership. Additionally, controlling for individual-level characteristics, community-level measures of immigrant concentration, residential instability, and two separate measures of concentrated disadvantage and affluence were significantly related to class membership. This study contributes to the understanding of adverse childhood experiences, and adds to existing knowledge regarding the relationship between contextual factors and childhood abuse, maltreatment, and trauma. The identification of ACE subgroups with distinct characteristics may help guide prevention strategies and tailor treatment provided by the juvenile justice system.
volgende artikel Do Anti-Bullying Laws Reduce In-School Victimization, Fear-based Absenteeism, and Suicidality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning Youth?
Voetnoten
1
See Baglivio et al. 2014a for detailed methodology on the construction of ACE scores from PACT items.
 
2
In keeping with FDJJ standards, to optimize the policy-relevance, race/ethnicity includes White, Black, and Hispanic youth (the youth classified as “other” were excluded from the analysis, as discussed above). According to FDJJ policy, Hispanic ethnicity takes precedence over race, meaning the youth classified as White are White non-Hispanic, and the youth classified as Black are Black non-Hispanic, while Hispanic youth may be either White or Black.
 
3
Importantly, while the newly developed three-step process is believed to more accurately and efficiently estimate the relationship between observed covariates and latent class membership, a multilevel version of this mixed regression model has not yet been developed. For that reason, we decided to present those results that were most central to our current analysis, which include standard errors that have been corrected for the multilevel structure present within our data.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
The Effects of Neighborhood Context on Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Among Adolescents Involved in the Juvenile Justice System: Latent Classes and Contextual Effects
Auteurs
Kevin T. Wolff
Celina Cuevas
Jonathan Intravia
Michael T. Baglivio
Nathan Epps
Publicatiedatum
02-07-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0887-5

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