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19-05-2023 | Original Article

Social and Adaptive Functioning Deficits in Children with Anxiety Disorders: The Buffering Effects of Effortful Control

Auteurs: Karina Silva, Andres G. Viana, Erika S. Trent, Elizabeth M. Raines, Haley Conroy Busch, Jessica Hernandez Ortiz, Mallory R. Cotton, Michael J. Zvolensky, Eric A. Storch

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2023

Abstract

Introduction

Although effortful control—the ability to restrain impulsive reactions in favor of more adaptive responses—has been identified as a protective factor for childhood anxiety, the protective effects of effortful control in terms of anxious children’s social/adaptive functioning remains unexplored. The present study examined the moderating role of effortful control in the association between anxiety symptom severity and social/adaptive functioning in a sample of clinically anxious youth.

Method

One hundred and five clinically anxious youth (M = 10.07 years, SD = 1.22; 57% female; 61% ethnic minority) and their clinically anxious mothers (M = 39.35 years, SD = 7.05) completed questionnaires assessing effortful control, anxiety symptoms, and social/adaptive functioning as part of a baseline assessment.

Results

Greater effortful control was statistically significantly associated with better individual social/adaptive functioning scores and lower anxiety scores. Moderation analyses revealed that greater anxiety symptom severity was associated with poorer peer relationships among youth with lower (vs. higher) effortful control.

Discussion

Greater effortful control was associated with better social/adaptive functioning and lower anxiety among anxious youth. The negative effects of anxiety on the peer relationships of clinically anxious youth were also buffered by better effortful control. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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A post-hoc sensitivity analysis was conducted to calculate the smallest effect size that could be detected with high probability (power = .80) given our sample size. These results yielded an f2 = 0.076, which is slightly larger than our observed effect size for the interaction between EATQ-Effortful Control x RCADS-Anxiety of f2 = 0.070 (i.e., observed β / 1 – observed β). We thank an anonymous reviewer for this suggestion.

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Titel: Social and Adaptive Functioning Deficits in Children with Anxiety Disorders: The Buffering Effects of Effortful Control
Auteurs: Karina Silva
Andres G. Viana
Erika S. Trent
Elizabeth M. Raines
Haley Conroy Busch
Jessica Hernandez Ortiz
Mallory R. Cotton
Michael J. Zvolensky
Eric A. Storch
Publicatiedatum: 19-05-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10380-x

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