Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

22-01-2019 | Original Paper

Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among LGBTQ Adolescents: The Roles of Help-seeking Beliefs, Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Drug Use

Auteurs: Tyler Hatchel, Katherine M. Ingram, Sasha Mintz, Chelsey Hartley, Alberto Valido, Dorothy L. Espelage, Peter Wyman

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 9/2019

Abstract

Objectives

Suicide is a leading causes of death for adolescents, and is a developmental period with the highest rates of suicide attempts. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth are a high-risk population for suicidal ideations and behaviors when compared with their non-LGBTQ counterparts. However, a dearth of research exists on the protective factors for suicidal ideation and attempts specifically within the LGBTQ population. The current study proposes a model in which peer victimization, drug use, depressive symptoms, and help-seeking beliefs predict suicidal ideation and attempts among a statewide sample of LGBTQ adolescents.

Methods

Among 4867 high school students in 20 schools, 713 self-identified as LGBTQ and had higher rates of attempts and ideation than their non-LBGTQ peers. Two logistic regression analyses were used to predict suicidal ideation and attempts among the 713 LGBTQ students (M = age 15 years).

Results

Results indicated that intentions to use drugs, peer victimization, and elevated depressive symptoms predicted both suicidal ideation and attempts. Additionally, help-seeking beliefs predicted suicidal attempts but not ideation, while the interaction of help-seeking beliefs and depressive symptoms significantly predicted suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of increasing access to effective treatment services for depression and promoting safe and accepting school and community cultures for LGBTQ youth in particular.

vorige artikel Emotion regulation accounts for the relation between ADHD and peer victimization

volgende artikel Adolescent Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Online and Offline Social Support

Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., Pickles, A., Winder, F., & Silver (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5(4), 237–249.

Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Costello, E. J., & Rutter, M. (1996). Precision, reliability and accuracy in the dating of symptom onsets in child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(6), 657–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01457.x. CrossRefPubMed

Baams, L., Grossman, A. H., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1037/a003899. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Birkett, M., Espelage, D. L., & Koenig, B. (2009). LGB and questioning students in schools: the moderating effects of homophobic bullying and school climate on negative outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9389-1. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bostwick, J. M., Pabbati, C., Geske, J. R., & McKean, A. J. (2016). Suicide attempt as a risk factor for completed suicide: even more lethal than we knew. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(11), 1094–1100. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15070854. CrossRefPubMed

Brent, D. A., Baugher, M., Bridge, J., Chen, T., & Chiapetta, L. (1999). Age- and sex-related risk factors for adolescent suicide. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1497–1505. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199912000-00010. CrossRef

Cash, S. J., & Bridge, J. A. (2009). Epidemiology of youth suicide and suicidal behavior. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 21, 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833063e1. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Catalano, R. F., Kosterman, R., Hawkins, J. D., Newcomb, M. D., & Abbott, R. D. (1996). Modeling the etiology of adolescent substance use: a test of the social development model. Journal of Drug Issues, 26(2), 429–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600207. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. Accessed 12 Sept 2018.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017) Youth Risk Behavior Survey—Data Summary & Trends Report: 2007–2017. Youth Risk Behavior Survey. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trendsreport.pdf. Accessed 12 September 2018.

Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2015). What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychological Medicine, 45(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714000129. CrossRefPubMed

Dawson, D. A., Grant, B. F., & Ruan, W. J. (2005). The association between stress and drinking: modifying effects of gender and vulnerability. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 40(5), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh176. CrossRefPubMed

Doty, N. D., Willoughby, B. L., Lindahl, K. M., & Malik, N. M. (2010). Sexuality related social support among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1134–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9566-x. CrossRefPubMed

Duong, J., & Bradshaw, C. (2014). Associations between bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth: the moderating role of connectedness. Journal of School Health, 84(10), 636–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12196. CrossRefPubMed

Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology. New York: Free Press.

Eisenberg, M. E., McMorris, B. J., Gower, A. L., & Chatterjee, D. (2016). Bullying victimization and emotional distress: is there strength in numbers for vulnerable youth? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 86, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.04.007. CrossRefPubMed

Espelage, D. L., & Holt, M. K. (2001). Bullying and victimization during early adolescence: peer influences and psychosocial correlates. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2(2–3), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.1300/J135v02n02_08. CrossRef

Fergusson, D. M., Swain-Campbell, N. R., & Horwood, L. J. (2002). Deviant peer affiliations, crime and substance use: a fixed effects regression analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 419–430. CrossRefPubMed

Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Wissow, L. S., Woods, E. R., & Goodman, E. (1999). Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153(5), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.153.5.487. CrossRef

Goldbach, J. T., & Gibbs, J. (2015). Strategies employed by sexual minority adolescents to cope with minority stress. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000124. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Goldbach, J. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Bagwell, M., & Dunlap, S. (2014). Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: a meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 15(3), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0393-7. CrossRefPubMed

Goldsmith, S. K., Pellmar, T. C., Kleinman, A. M. & Bunney, W. E. (2002). Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D’Augelli, A. R., & Russell, S. T. (2010). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038. CrossRef

Hatchel, T., Merrin, G. J., & Espelage, A. D. (2018). Peer victimization and suicidality among LGBTQ youth: the roles of school belonging, self-compassion, and parental support. Journal of LGBT Youth. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2018.1543036.

Hatchel, T., Subrahmanyam, K., & Negriff, S. (2018). Adolescent peer victimization and internalizing symptoms during emerging adulthood: the role of online and offline social support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1286-y.

Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “Get Under the Skin”? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hilton, A. N., & Szymanski, D. M. (2011). Family dynamics and changes in sibling of origin relationship after lesbian and gay sexual orientation disclosure. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 33(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-011-9157-3. CrossRef

Huebner, D. M., Thoma, B. C., & Neilands, T. B. (2015). School victimization and substance use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents. Prevention Science, 16(5), 734–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0507-x. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Joiner, T. E. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Joiner, T. E., Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Selby, E. A., Ribeiro, J. D., Lewis, R., & Rudd, M. D. (2009). Main predictions of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior: empirical tests in two samples of young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(3), 634–646. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016500. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Joiner, T. E., Ribeiro, J. D., & Silva, C. (2012). Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior, and their co-occurrence as viewed through the lens of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(5), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412454873. CrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Borges, G., & Walters, E. E. (1999). Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.617. CrossRefPubMed

Klonsky, E. D., & May, A. M. (2010). Rethinking impulsivity in suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40, 612–619. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2010.40.6.612. CrossRefPubMed

Klonsky, E. D., & May, A. M. (2014). Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators: a critical frontier for suicidology research. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12068. CrossRefPubMed

Klonsky, E. D., & May, A. M. (2015). The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the “ideation-to-action” framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 8(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114. CrossRef

Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 307–330. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204. CrossRefPubMed

Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Bartkiewicz, M. J., Boesen, M. J., & Palmer, N. A. (2012). The 2011 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.

Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Giga, N. M., Villenas, C., & Danischewski, D. (2016). The 2015 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.

Kovacs, M., Goldston, D., & Gatsonis, C. (1993). Suicidal behaviors and childhood-onset depressive disorders: a longitudinal investigation. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199301000-00003. CrossRef

Lea, T., de Wit, J., & Reynolds, R. (2014). Minority stress in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults in Australia: associations with psychological distress, suicidality, and substance use. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1571–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0266-6. CrossRefPubMed

Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E., & Johnson, K. L. (2013). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613497965. CrossRefPubMed

Liu, R. T., & Mustanski, B. (2012). Suicidal ideation and self-harm in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.023. CrossRefPubMed

Livingston, N. A., Heck, N. C., Flentje, A., Gleason, H., Oost, K. M., & Cochran, B. N. (2015). Sexual minority stress and suicide risk: identifying resilience through personality profile analysis. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 321 https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000116. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

LoMurray, M. (2005). Sources of strength facilitators guide: Suicide prevention peer gatekeeper training. Bismarck: The North Dakota Suicide Prevention Project.

Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Maddox, S. J., & Prinz, R. J. (2003). School bonding in children and adolescents: conceptualization, assessment, and associated variables. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6(1), 31–49. CrossRefPubMed

McCabe, S. E., Bostwick, W. B., Hughes, T. L., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2010). The relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 100(10), 1946–1952. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.163147. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McDermott, E. (2015). Asking for help online: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans youth, self-harm and articulating the ‘failed’self. Health, 19(6), 561–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459314557967. CrossRefPubMed

McDermott, E., Hughes, E., & Rawlings, V. (2017). The social determinants of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth suicidality in England: a mixed methods study. Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx135.

McDermott, E., & Roen, K. (2016). Queer youth, suicide and self-harm: troubled subjects, troubling norms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossRef

Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38–56. CrossRefPubMed

Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mustanski, B., Andrews, R., & Puckett, J. A. (2016). The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), 527–533. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302976. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2016). Developmental change in the effects of sexual partner and relationship characteristics on sexual risk behavior in young men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 20(6), 1284–1294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1046-6. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nock, M. K., & Kazdin, A. E. (2002). Examination of affective, cognitive, and behavioral factors and suicide-related outcomes in children and young adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Abnormal Psychology, 31, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_07. CrossRef

Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., & Williams, D. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113. CrossRefPubMed

O’Brien, K. H. M., Becker, S. J., Spirito, A., Simon, V., & Prinstein, M. J. (2014). Differentiating adolescent suicide attempters from ideators: examining the interaction between depression severity and alcohol use. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 23 https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12050. CrossRef

Oswald, R. F. (1999). Family and friendship relationships after young women come out as bisexual or lesbian. Journal of Homosexuality, 38(3), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v38n03_04. CrossRef

Pisani, A. R., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Gunzler, D., Petrova, M., Goldston, D. B., Tu, X., & Wyman, P. A. (2012). Associations between suicidal high school students’ help-seeking and their attitudes and perceptions of social environment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(10), 1312–1324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9766-7. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Poteat, V. P., Sinclair, K. O., DiGiovanni, C. D., Koenig, B. W., & Russell, S. T. (2013). Gay–straight alliances are associated with student health: a multischool comparison of LGBTQ and heterosexual youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00832.x. CrossRef

Robinson, J. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2011). Inequities in educational and psychological outcomes between LGBTQ and straight students in middle and high school. Educational Researcher, 40(7), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11422112. CrossRef

Russell, S. T., Ryan, C., Toomey, R. B., Diaz, R. M., & Sanchez, J. (2011). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescent school victimization: implications for young adult health and adjustment. Journal of School Health, 81(5), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00583.x. CrossRefPubMed

Schlomer, G. L., Bauman, S., & Card, N. A. (2010). Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018082. CrossRefPubMed

Schmeelk‐Cone, K., Pisani, A. R., Petrova, M., & Wyman, P. A. (2012). Three scales assessing high school students’ attitudes and perceived norms about seeking adult help for distress and suicide concerns. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 42(2), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00079.x. CrossRefPubMed

Shneidman, E. S. (1993). Suicide as psychache: A clinical approach to self-destructive behavior. Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson.

Szymanski, D. M., Kashubeck-West, S., & Meyer, J. (2008). Internalized heterosexism: a historical and theoretical overview. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(4), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000007309488. CrossRef

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.

Taliaferro, L. A., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2014). Risk and protective factors that distinguish adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only consider suicide in the past year. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12046. CrossRefPubMed

U.S. Surgeon General. (2001). National strategy for suicide prevention: Goals and objectives for action. Rockville: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

Van Orden, K. A., Lynam, M. E., Hollar, D., & Joiner, Jr., T. E. (2006). Perceived burdensomeness as an indicator of suicidal symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(4), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9057-2. CrossRef

Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Gordon, K. H., Bender, T. W., & Joiner, T. E. (2008). Suicidal desire and the capability for suicide: tests of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior among adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.72. CrossRefPubMed

Vijayakumar, L., Kumar, M. S., & Vijayakumar, V. (2011). Substance use and suicide. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24(3), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283459242. CrossRefPubMed

Whitaker, K., Shapiro, V. B., & Shields, J. P. (2016). School-based protective factors related to suicide for lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.008. CrossRefPubMed

Wyman, P. A. (2014). Developmental approach to prevent adolescent suicides: research pathways to effective upstream preventive interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(3), S251–S256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.039. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wyman, P. A., Brown, C. H., Inman, J., Cross, W., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Guo, J., & Pena, J. B. (2008). Randomized trial of a gatekeeper program for suicide prevention: 1-year impact on secondary school staff. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.104. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wyman, P. A., Brown, C. H., LoMurray, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Petrova, M., Yu, Q., & Wang, W. (2010). An outcome evaluation of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools. American Journal of Public Health, 100(9), 1653–1661. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ybarra, M. L., Mitchell, K. J., Kosciw, J. G., & Korchmaros, J. D. (2015). Understanding linkages between bullying and suicidal ideation in a national sample of LGB and heterosexual youth in the United States. Prevention Science, 16(3), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0510-2. CrossRefPubMed

Zaza, S., Kann, L., & Barrios, L. C. (2016). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents: population estimate and prevalence of health behaviors. JAMA, 316(22), 2355–2356. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.11683. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among LGBTQ Adolescents: The Roles of Help-seeking Beliefs, Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Drug Use
Auteurs: Tyler Hatchel
Katherine M. Ingram
Sasha Mintz
Chelsey Hartley
Alberto Valido
Dorothy L. Espelage
Peter Wyman
Publicatiedatum: 22-01-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01339-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2019

Correction to: Relational Violence, Social Support, Self-Esteem, Depression and Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model

Relational Violence, Social Support, Self-Esteem, Depression and Anxiety: A Moderated Mediation Model

An Examination of Bullying and Physical Health Problems in Adolescence among South Korean Youth

Correction to: Consequences of Childhood Bullying on Mental Health and Relationships for Young Adults

Minority Stress Among Transgender Adolescents: The Role of Peer Victimization, School Belonging, and Ethnicity

Adolescent Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Online and Offline Social Support