Introduction
Parenting Profiles Based on Various Internet-Specific Parenting Practices and General Parenting Dimensions
Combined Influence of Internet-Specific Parenting Practices and General Parenting Dimensions on Problematic Social Media Use
The Moderating Role of Adolescents’ Gender and Age
Current Study
Method
Procedure
Participants
Measures
Adolescents’ problematic social media use
Internet-specific rule setting
Reactive restrictions towards Internet use
Co-use
Responsiveness
Demandingness
Autonomy-granting
Age
Gender
Analysis Plan
Results
Latent Profile Analysis
Profile solution
No. of profiles | Smallest profile size | BIC | LMR-LRT p-value | BLRT p-value | Entropy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 400 (100%) | 5724.317 | - | - | - |
2 | 48 (12%) | 5636.683 | 0.099 | < 0.001 | 0.830 |
3 | 47 (11%) | 5575.204 | 0.079 | < 0.001 | 0.752 |
4 | 24 (6%) | 5558.548 | 0.195 | < 0.001 | 0.768 |
5 | 7 (1,8%) | 5537.979 | 0.330 | < 0.001 | 0.815 |
Profile interpretation
Demographic characteristics | Profile 1 (Limiting and less supportive) n = 47 | Profile 2 (Tolerant and supportive) n = 104 | Profile 3 (Limiting and supportive) n = 249 |
---|---|---|---|
Internet-specific rule setting | 3.63 (0.68) | 2.44 (0.51) | 3.96 (0.53) |
Reactive restrictions towards Internet use | 2.44 (0.92) | 1.29 (0.37) | 1.98 (0.78) |
Co-use | 6.55 (2.51) | 6.10 (1.84) | 6.82 (1.59) |
Responsiveness | 3.36 (0.49) | 4.19 (0.52) | 4.57 (0.40) |
Autonomy-granting | 3.13 (0.72) | 4.34 (0.51) | 4.32 (0.54) |
Demographic characteristics across profiles
Demographic characteristics | Profile 1 n = 47 | Profile 2 n = 104 | Profile 3 n = 249 |
---|---|---|---|
Age M (SD) | 13.55a (2.25) | 15.20 (1.43) | 12.80a (2.00) |
Gender (% boy) | 57.4% | 39.5% | 47.4% |
Parental educational level (% highly educated) | 55.3% | 58.7% | 61.4% |
Living in intact family (% intact) | 87.2% | 73.1% | 88%a |
Number of siblings M (SD) | 1.84 (0.95) | 1.77 (1.54) | 1.72 (1.23) |
Number of older siblings M (SD) | 0.87 (0.94) | 0.95 (0.65) | 0.89 (1.28) |
Number of younger siblings M (SD) | 0.98 (0.78) | 0.82 (0.78) | 0.83 (0.78) |
Unconditional Latent Growth Curve Model of Adolescents’ Problematic Social Media Use
Model | AIC | BIC |
---|---|---|
Intercept-only | 4047.850 | 4056.517 |
Linear model | 4050.496 | 4072.162 |
Quadratic model | 4054.240 | 4093.240 |
Associations Between Parenting Profiles and Adolescents’ Problematic Social Media Use
Problematic social media use T1 | Problematic social media use T2 | Problematic social media use T3 | Problematic social media use T4 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | p | B | SE | β | p | B | SE | β | p | B | SE | β | p | |
Model 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Profile 3 ( = ref) v. profile 1 | 0.641 | 0.166 | 0.234 | 0.000 | 0.506 | 0.213 | 0.185 | 0.017 | 0.361 | 0.235 | 0.132 | 0.124 | 0.641 | 0.267 | 0.234 | 0.016 |
Age | −0.086 | 0.049 | −0.161 | 0.078 | −0.060 | 0.034 | −0.124 | 0.080 | −0.055 | 0.044 | −0.114 | 0.212 | −0.003 | 0.056 | −0.006 | 0.958 |
Gender (boys = ref) | 0.164 | 0.155 | 0.081 | 0.292 | 0.239 | 0.147 | 0.119 | 0.105 | 0.240 | 0.204 | 0.120 | 0.240 | 0.348 | 0.212 | 0.174 | 0.100 |
Family intactness (intactness = ref) | 0.204 | 0.195 | 0.085 | 0.296 | 0.235 | 0.241 | 0.077 | 0.330 | 0.027 | 0.342 | 0.009 | 0.937 | 0.345 | 0.245 | 0.113 | 0.159 |
Parental educational level | −0.238 | 0.068 | −0.202 | 0.001 | −0.094 | 0.120 | −0.068 | 0.433 | −0.102 | 0.101 | −0.073 | 0.313 | −0.131 | 0.085 | −0.095 | 0.121 |
Model 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Profile 1 ( = ref) v. profile 2 | −0.382 | 0.203 | −0.177 | 0.061 | −0.380 | 0.235 | −0.176 | 0.107 | −0.895 | 0.329 | −0.414 | 0.006 | −0.897 | 0.307 | −0.415 | 0.004 |
Age | −0.086 | 0.049 | 0.078 | −0.121 | 0.056 | −0.228 | 0.030 | −0.085 | 0.075 | −0.159 | 0.261 | −0.112 | 0.070 | −0.211 | 0.109 | |
Gender (boys = ref) | 0.164 | 0.155 | 0.292 | 0.053 | 0.226 | 0.026 | 0.815 | 0.386 | 0.320 | 0.192 | 0.227 | 0.448 | 0.226 | 0.223 | 0.047 | |
Family intactness (intactness = ref) | 0.204 | 0.195 | 0.296 | 0.297 | 0.281 | 0.124 | 0.291 | 0.099 | 0.338 | 0.041 | 0.771 | 0.013 | 0.357 | 0.005 | 0.972 | |
Parental educational level | −0.238 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 0.099 | 0.189 | 0.085 | 0.600 | −0.056 | 0.147 | −0.048 | 0.704 | −0.259 | 0.139 | −0.220 | 0.063 | |
Model 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Profile 3 ( = ref) v. profile 2 | 0.012 | 0.152 | 0.006 | 0.935 | −0.044 | 0.200 | −0.020 | 0.826 | −0.595 | 0.266 | −0.271 | 0.025 | −0.713 | 0.278 | −0.325 | 0.010 |
Age | 0.026 | 0.031 | 0.056 | 0.404 | −0.034 | 0.036 | −0.073 | 0.337 | −0.035 | 0.045 | −0.074 | 0.447 | 0.082 | 0.056 | 0.176 | 0.147 |
Gender (boys = ref) | 0.290 | 0.126 | 0.144 | 0.021 | 0.429 | 0.146 | 0.214 | 0.003 | 0.354 | 0.214 | 0.176 | 0.098 | 0.485 | 0.222 | 0.241 | 0.029 |
Family intactness (intactness = ref) | 0.317 | 0.137 | 0.118 | 0.020 | 0.222 | 0.233 | 0.082 | 0.342 | −0.042 | 0.279 | −0.015 | 0.881 | 0.345 | 0.270 | 0.128 | 0.200 |
Parental educational level | −0.094 | 0.072 | −0.067 | 0.195 | −0.111 | 0.111 | −0.080 | 0.320 | −0.090 | 0.106 | −0.065 | 0.398 | −0.144 | 0.106 | −0.104 | 0.173 |