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04-12-2018 | Empirical Research

Sleep Quantity and Problems as Mediators of the Eveningness-Adjustment Link during Childhood and Adolescence

Auteurs: Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova, Alexander T. Vazsonyi, Jana Klánová, Ladislav Dušek

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 3/2019

Abstract

Chronotype, or morningness/eveningness, has been associated with adjustment in both children and adolescents. Specifically, eveningness has been linked to adjustment difficulties; however, the mechanism underlying this association is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test whether the associations between eveningness and adjustment difficulties could be explained by an unfavorable impact of eveningness on sleep. Links from chronotype to internalizing problems and problem behaviors via sleep quantity and sleep problems were tested in a sample from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (N = 3485; 48.8% female), both when the participants were children (7 years at T1, 11 at T2) and when they were adolescents (15 years at T1, 18 at T2). The findings provided evidence that eveningness predicted greater sleep problems and lower sleep quantity; however, only sleep problems predicted internalizing problems and problem behaviors. Sleep quantity did not mediate the eveningness-adjustment link, and sleep problems did so only in children. The findings show that sleep problems appear to be more important in explaining the eveningness-adjustment link rather than altered sleep quantity, commonly associated with eveningness.

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To assess whether there were differences in key variables at T1 between participants who completed both T1 and T2 surveys and participants who only completed the T1 survey, a series of six t-tests was completed separately for the child and adolescent sample. Bonferroni correction to adjust the p values was used, where p values were set to .05/12 = .004. Results showed that participants who completed both T1 and T2 as children (M = 10.64, SD = 0.60) had lower weekday sleep quantity (t[3270] = -3.04, p = .002) than those who completed only T1 (M = 10.71, SD = 0.61). Similarly, participants who completed both T1 and T2 as children (M = 10.77, SD = 0.80) had lower weekend sleep quantity (t[3254] = -2.92, p = .004) than those who completed only T1 (M = 10.86, SD = 0.84). Additionally, participants who completed both T1 and T2 as adolescents (M = 0.25, SD = 0.30) had lower levels of problem behaviors (t[1695] = -3.40, p = .001) than those who completed only T1 (M = 0.31, SD = 0.33).

In addition to the mother-reported data, adolescent-reported data on midsleep point at age 15, internalizing problems at ages 15 and 18, and problem behaviors at ages 15 and 18 were available. Thus, an alternate half-longitudinal model was computed utilizing the available adolescent-reported data. Results showed minimal differences between the model with mother-reported measures only and the model utilizing the available adolescent-reported measures. The difference in the size of the estimates was mostly at the level of second or third decimal place, and there were no statistically significant differences, including the findings for indirect effects.

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Titel: Sleep Quantity and Problems as Mediators of the Eveningness-Adjustment Link during Childhood and Adolescence
Auteurs: Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova
Alexander T. Vazsonyi
Jana Klánová
Ladislav Dušek
Publicatiedatum: 04-12-2018
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0965-8

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