Top

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Gepubliceerd in:

10-07-2023 | Original Article

Improved Reliability of Dot Probe Measures with Response-Based Computation: An Application with Young Violence-Exposed Children

Auteurs: Alysse M. Loomis, Travis C. Evans, Damion J. Grasso, Margaret Briggs-Gowan

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 6/2023

Abstract

Background

Anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms have been associated with threat-related attention bias assessed in the widely-used dot-probe task. A novel method of scoring attention bias using response-based computation has shown improved reliability over standard computation approaches with adult samples.

Methods

The current study applies this approach using secondary analysis of dot probe data from a sample of preschool-aged children ages 3–7 (n = 280) with varying levels of violence exposure. Attention bias indices were then examined alongside mother-report and observational measures of child anxiety. The standard approach used average reaction times to create a single measure of vigilant or avoidant bias per participant, whereas the response-based computation approach used trial-level reaction times to dissociate separate measures of vigilant and avoidant bias per participant.

Results

The standard computation approach demonstrated unacceptable levels of internal consistency. In contrast, response-based computation of vigilant and avoidant bias demonstrated good and acceptable levels of internal consistency, respectively. Using the standard computation approach, no significant symptom associations were observed. Using the response-based computation approach greater ratio of vigilant bias relative to avoidant bias (i.e., vigilant bias > avoidant bias) was related to more observed anxious behaviors.

Conclusions

Similar to research in adults, response-based attention bias indices demonstrated superior psychometric properties and stronger symptom associations compared to the standard computation approach and may offer advantages over the standard computation approach to study attention bias in young children.

vorige artikel Metacognitive Appraisals of Perseverative Cognition: A Prospective Test Across Thought Types

volgende artikel The Moderating Role of Age Beliefs on the Relationships Between Physical Symptoms, Depression, and Irritability in Menopausal Women

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Aktar, E., Van Bockstaele, B., Pérez-Edgar, K., Wiers, R. W., & Bögels, S. M. (2019). Intergenerational transmission of attentional bias and anxiety. Developmental Science, 22(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12772CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC.

Bar-Haim, Y. (2010). Research review: Attention bias modification (ABM): A novel treatment for anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 51(8), 859–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02251.xCrossRefPubMed

Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1CrossRefPubMed

Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Pollak, S. D., Grasso, D., Voss, J., Mian, N. D., Zobel, E., McCarthy, K. J., Wakschlag, L. S., & Pine, D. S. (2015). Attention bias and anxiety in young children exposed to family violence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(11), 1194–1201. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12397CrossRefPubMed

Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Grasso, D., Bar-Haim, Y., Voss, J., McCarthy, K. J., Pine, D. S., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2016). Attention bias in the developmental unfolding of post-traumatic stress symptoms in young children at risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 57(9), 1083–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12577CrossRefPubMed

Cremone, A., Kurdziel, L. B. F., Fraticelli-Torres, A., McDermott, J. M., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2017). Napping reduces emotional attention bias during early childhood. Developmental Science, 20(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12411CrossRef

Dudeney, J., Sharpe, L., & Hunt, C. (2015). Attentional bias towards threatening stimuli in children with anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.007CrossRefPubMed

Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2004). The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA): A structured parent interview for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in preschool children. In: Handbook of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health assessment (Vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 223–243).

Evans, T. C., & Britton, J. C. (2018). Improving the psychometric properties of dot-probe attention measures using response-based computation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 60, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.01.009CrossRefPubMed

Gade, P. R., Molloy, A., & Anderson, P. L. (2021). The use of trial-level bias scores to examine attention bias and attention bias variability among people with and without social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23259CrossRefPubMed

Gladwin, T. E., Halls, M., & Vink, M. (2021). Experimental control of conflict in a predictive visual probe task: Highly reliable bias scores related to anxiety. Acta Psychologica, 218, 103357.CrossRefPubMed

Grasso, D. J., Petitclerc, A., Henry, D. B., McCarthy, K. J., Wakschlag, L. S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2016). Examining patterns of exposure to family violence in preschool children: A latent class approach. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29(6), 491–499.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Heitmann, J., Jonker, N. C., & De Jong, P. J. (2021). A promising candidate to reliably index attentional bias toward alcohol cues–an adapted odd-one-out visual search task. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 630461.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Judd, C. M., Westfall, J., & Kenny, D. A. (2012). Treating stimuli as a random factor in social psychology: A new and comprehensive solution to a pervasive but largely ignored problem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 54.CrossRefPubMed

Kruijt, A. W., Field, A. P., & Fox, E. (2016). Capturing dynamics of biased attention: Are new attention variability measures the way forward. PLoS ONE, 11(11), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166600CrossRef

Kruijt, A. W., Parsons, S., & Fox, E. (2019). A meta-analysis of bias at baseline in RCTs of attention bias modification: No evidence for dot-probe bias towards threat in clinical anxiety and PTSD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(6), 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000406CrossRefPubMed

Loomis, A. M. (2020). Effects of household and environmental adversity on indices of self-regulation for Latino and African American preschool children: Closing the school readiness gap. Early Education and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1745513CrossRef

Meissel, E. E. E., Liu, H., Stevens, E. S., Evans, T. C., Britton, J. C., Letkiewicz, A. M., & Shankman, S. A. (2021). The reliability and validity of response-based measures of attention bias. Cognitive Therapy and Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10212-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mian, N. D., Carter, A. S., Pine, D. S., Wakschlag, L. S., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2015). Development of a novel observational measure for anxiety in young children: The Anxiety Dimensional Observation Scale. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 56(9), 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12407CrossRefPubMed

Miller, J., & Ulrich, R. (2013). Mental chronometry and individual differences: Modeling reliabilities and correlations of reaction time means and effect sizes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20(5), 819–858.CrossRef

Parsons, S. (2020). Splithalf: Robust estimates of split half reliability. figshare. Software. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11956746.v4

Parsons, S., Kruijt, A. W., & Fox, E. (2019). Psychological science needs a standard practice of reporting the reliability of cognitive-behavioral measurements. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(4), 378–395.CrossRef

Pine, D. S., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Montgomery, L. A., Monk, C. S., McClure, E., Guyer, A. E., Ernst, M., Charney, D. S., & Kaufman, J. (2005). Attention bias to threat in maltreated children: Implications for vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.291CrossRefPubMed

Schmukle, S. C. (2005). Unreliability of the dot probe task. European Journal of Personality, 19(7), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.554CrossRef

Susa, G., Piticǎ, I., Benga, O., & Miclea, M. (2012). Anxiety-related attention biases in preschoolers: An investigation using the pictorial dot-probe task. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 637–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.199CrossRef

Ursache, A., & Blair, C. (2015). Children’s cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase interact to predict attention bias to threatening stimuli. Physiology and Behavior, 138, 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.002CrossRefPubMed

Wakschlag, L. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Choi, S. W., Nichols, S. R., Kestler, J., Burns, J. L., Carter, A. S., & Henry, D. (2014). Advancing a multidimensional, developmental spectrum approach to preschool disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 82–96.CrossRef

Wakschlag, L. S., Estabrook, R., Petitclerc, A., Henry, D., Burns, J. L., Perlman, S. B., Voss, J. L., Pine, D. S., Leibenluft, E., & Briggs-Gowan, M. L. (2015). Clinical implications of a dimensional approach: The normal:abnormal spectrum of early irritability. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(8), 626–634.CrossRef

Zvielli, A., Bernstein, A., & Koster, E. H. W. (2015). Temporal dynamics of attentional bias. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702614551572CrossRef

Titel: Improved Reliability of Dot Probe Measures with Response-Based Computation: An Application with Young Violence-Exposed Children
Auteurs: Alysse M. Loomis
Travis C. Evans
Damion J. Grasso
Margaret Briggs-Gowan
Publicatiedatum: 10-07-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 6/2023
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10409-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2023

Harnessing AI to Optimize Thought Records and Facilitate Cognitive Restructuring in Smartphone CBT: An Exploratory Study

Find a Resting Place for Your Emotions and Make it Yours: A Meta-Analysis of Expressive Writing Interventions Among Asian Populations

Compassion Questionnaires: Scales Development and Validation

Outcome Expectations in Psychotherapy: Validation of the Therapy Single Category Implicit Association Test (Therapy SC-IAT)

Development and Validation of the Bullied Cognitions Inventory (BCI)

Changes in Perspective-Taking During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Partial Hospital Setting