Top

Gepubliceerd in:

17-09-2018 | Original Paper

Exploring the Relationships Between Maternal Mental Health Symptoms and Young Children’s Functioning in a Low-Income, Minority Sample

Auteurs: Abigail Palmer Molina, Sonya Negriff, William Monro, Ferol E. Mennen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2018

Abstract

Poor maternal mental health, including depression and high stress levels, can negatively impact many domains of child development, particularly among low-income, ethnic minority families experiencing multiple stressors. Low-income minority mothers, particularly Hispanic mothers, are also at increased risk of experiencing exposure to community violence and other types of trauma. However, studies exploring the additional impact of maternal trauma symptoms on children’s functioning are rare. This study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of maternal trauma symptoms on young children’s functioning in a low-income, predominantly Hispanic sample through the mechanisms of maternal depressive symptoms, and mother’s experiences of parenting stress and strain. The sample consisted of 158 biological mothers (58% Hispanic, 13% African American, 5.7% White American) who were participating in community-based mental health treatment for their children (M_AGE = 3.7, SD = 1.2). Mothers completed questionnaires providing information on their children’s behaviors and their own mental health and stress levels at intake. Path analysis indicated that there was a significant indirect effect of maternal trauma symptoms on children’s behavior problems through maternal depressive symptoms and maternal stress in the parent-child relationship (β = 0.09, p < 0.01). In addition, there was a direct effect of maternal trauma symptoms on children’s behavior problems (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). The results suggest that maternal trauma symptoms, in addition to maternal depressive symptoms, contribute to poor maternal and child functioning.

vorige artikel Empathy, Depressive Symptoms, and Self-Esteem in Adolescence: The Moderating Role of the Mother–Adolescent Relationship

volgende artikel Family Allocentrism and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Self-Identity Style

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index, third edition: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4- 18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

Aisenberg, E. (2001). The effects of exposure to community violence upon Latina mothers and preschool children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 23(4), 378–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986301234003.CrossRef

Ammerman, R. T., Shenk, C. E., Teeters, A. R., Noll, J. G., Putnam, F. W., & van Ginkel, J. B. (2013). Multiple mediation of trauma and parenting stress in mothers in home visiting. Infant Mental Health Journal, 34(3), 234–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21383.CrossRef

Amerson, R., Whittington, R., & Duggan, L. (2014). Intimate partner violence affecting Latina women and their children. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(6), 531–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2013.12.003.CrossRefPubMed

Anthony, L. G., Anthony, B. J., Glanville, D. N., Naiman, D. Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behaviour and preschoolers’ social competence and behaviour problems in the classroom. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.385.CrossRef

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory-II. Sanoma Antonio, 78(2), 490–8.

Beeber, L. S., Perreira, K. M., & Schwartz, T. (2008). Supporting the mental health of mothers raising children in poverty. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.008.CrossRefPubMed

Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., Lewis‐Morrarty, E., Lindhiem, O., & Carlson, E. (2012). Enhancing attachment organization among maltreated children: results of a randomized clinical trial. Child Development, 83(2), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brandt, K., Perry, B. D., Seligman, S. & Tronick, E. (Eds.) (2013). Infant and early childhood mental health: Core concepts and clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.

Brannan, A. M., Heflinger, C. A., & Bickman, L. (1997). The Caregiver Strain Questionnaire: measuring the impact on the family of living with a child with serious emotional disturbance. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 5(4), 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669700500404.CrossRef

Campbell, S. B., Brownell, C. A., Hungerford, A., Spieker, S. J., Mohan, R., & Blessing, J. S. (2004). The course of maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity as predictors of attachment security at 36 months. Development and Psychopathology, 16(02), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579404044499.CrossRefPubMed

Caron, E. B., Weston-Lee, P., Haggerty, D., & Dozier, M. (2016). Community implementation outcomes of attachment and biobehavioral catch-up. Child Abuse & Neglect, 53, 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.010.CrossRef

Center on the Developing Child (2007). InBrief: The science of early childhood development. Retrieved from https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/inbrief-science-of-ecd/. Last accessed on August 10, 2018.

Chemtob, C. M., Nomura, Y., Rajendran, K., Yehuda, R., Schwartz, D., & Abramovitz, R. (2010). Impact of maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following exposure to the September 11 attacks on preschool children’s behavior. Child Development, 81(4), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01458.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Child-Parent Psychotherapy, 2010. Intervention summary retrieved on 2/7/18 from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices, https://nrepp.samhsa.gov/Legacy/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=194. Last accessed on February 7, 2018.

Clark, C., Ryan, L., Kawachi, I., Canner, M. J., Berkman, L., & Wright, R. J. (2008). Witnessing community violence in residential neighborhoods: a mental health hazard for urban women. Journal of Urban Health, 85(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-007-9229-8.CrossRefPubMed

Cohen, L. R., Hien, D. A., & Batchelder, S. (2008). The impact of cumulative maternal trauma and diagnosis on parenting behavior. Child Maltreatment, 13(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559507310045.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Conger, R. D., Wallace, L. E., Sun, Y. M., Simons, R. L., McLoyd, V. C., & Brody, G. H. (2002). Economic pressure in African American families: a replication and extension of the family stress model. Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.38.2.179.CrossRefPubMed

Crnic, K. A., Gaze, C., & Hoffman, C. (2005). Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.384.CrossRef

Dozois, D. J., Dobson, K. S., & Ahnberg, J. L. (1998). A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 83 https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.83.CrossRef

Emmen, R. A. G., Malda, M., Mesman, J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Prevoo, M. J. L., & Yeniad, N. (2013). Socioeconomic status and parenting in ethnic minority families: Testing a minority family stress model. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(6), 896–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034693.CrossRefPubMed

Gartstein, M. A., Bridgett, D. J., Dishion, T. J., & Kaufman, N. K. (2009). Depressed mood and maternal report of child behavior problems: another look at the depression–distortion hypothesis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1.CrossRefPubMed

Gross, D., Fogg, L., Young, M., Ridge, A., Cowell, J. M., Richardson, R., & Sivan, A. (2006). The equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 across parent race/ethnicity, income level, and language. Psychological Assessment, 18(3), 313 https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.313.CrossRefPubMed

Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S., Angold, A., Harold, G. T., & Sharp, D. (2003). Pathways to violence in the children of mothers who were depressed postpartum. Developmental Psychology, 39(6), 1083 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.6.1083.CrossRefPubMed

Hien, D., & Ruglass, L. (2009). Interpersonal partner violence and women in the United States: an overview of prevalence rates, psychiatric correlates and consequences and barriers to help seeking. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.11.003.CrossRefPubMed

Horwitz, S. M., Briggs-Gowan, M., Storfer-Isser, A., & Carter, A. S. (2007). Prevalence, correlates, and persistence of maternal depression. Journal of Women’s Health, 16(5), 678–691. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.0185.CrossRefPubMed

Josefsson, A., & Sydsjö, G. (2007). A follow-up study of postpartum depressed women: recurrent maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior after four years. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 10(4), 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-007-0185-9.CrossRefPubMed

Kiernan, K. E., & Huerta, M. C. (2008). Economic deprivation, maternal depression, parenting and children’s cognitive and emotional development in early childhood. The British Journal of Sociology, 59(4), 783–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2008.00219.x.CrossRefPubMed

Kiser, L. J., & Black, M. M. (2005). Family processes in the midst of urban poverty: what does the trauma literature tell us? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(6), 715–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2005.02.003.CrossRef

Kleyn, W. C., Hovens, J. E., & Rodenburg, J. J. (2001). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in refugees: assessment with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 in different languages. Psychological Reports, 88, 527–532. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.88.2.527-532.CrossRef

Lambert, J. E., Holzer, J., & Hasbun, A. (2014). Association between parents’ PTSD severity and children’s psychological distress: a meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21891.CrossRefPubMed

Leen-Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T., Knapp, A., Bunaciu, L., Blumenthal, H., & Amstadter, A. B. (2013). Offspring psychological and biological correlates of parental posttraumatic stress: review of the literature and research agenda. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 1106–1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.09.001.CrossRefPubMed

Lieberman, A. F., Van Horn, P., & Ippen, C. G. (2005). Toward evidence-based treatment: child-parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(12), 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000181047.59702.58.CrossRef

Lieberman, A. F., Van Horn, P., & Ozer, E. J. (2005). Preschooler witnesses of marital violence: predictors and mediators of child behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 17(02), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050182.CrossRefPubMed

Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O’Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(5), 561–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00100-7.CrossRefPubMed

Masarik, A. S., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Stress and child development: a review of the Family Stress Model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.008.CrossRefPubMed

McDaniel, M., & Lowenstein, C. (2013). Depression in low-income mothers of young children: are they getting the treatment they need? Retrieved from The Urban Institute website: https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/23546/412804-Depression-in-Low-Income-Mothers-of-Young-Children-Are-They-Getting-the-Treatment-They-Need-.PDF. Last accessed on August 10, 2018.

Mennen, F. E., Pohle, C., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Finello, K. M., Ambrose, S., & Arroyo, W. (2015). The effect of maternal depression on young children’s progress in treatment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(7), 2088–2098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0010-9.CrossRef

Merlin, P., & Mohr, P. B. (2000). Incidence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in Australian victims of domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 15(4), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007510414571.CrossRef

Metcalfe, M., & Goldman, E. (1965). Validation of an inventory for measuring depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 111(472), 240–242. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.111.472.240.CrossRefPubMed

Mollica, R. F., Caspi-Yavin, Y., Bollini, P., Truong, T., Tor, S., & Lavelle, J. (1992). The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire: validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199202000-00008.CrossRefPubMed

Morgan, J., Robinson, D., & Aldridge, J. (2002). Parenting stress and externalizing child behaviour. Child & Family Social Work, 7(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2002.00242.x.CrossRef

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998). Mplus User’s Guide. Eighth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. 2017.

Nazroo, J. Y. (2003). The structuring of ethnic inequalities in health: economic position, racial discrimination, and racism. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.2.277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

O’Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., & Pattison, P. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma: Understanding comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(8), 1390–1396. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1390.CrossRefPubMed

Ornelas, I. J., & Perreira, K. M. (2011). The role of migration in the development of depressive symptoms among Latino immigrant parents in the USA. Social Science & Medicine, 73(8), 1169–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.002.CrossRef

Ornelas, I. J., Perreira, K. M., Beeber, L., & Maxwell, L. (2009). Challenges and strategies to maintaining emotional health: qualitative perspectives of Mexican immigrant mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 30(11), 1556–1575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X09336651.CrossRef

Osofsky, J. D., Stepka, P. T., & King, L. S. (2017). Treating infants and young children impacted by trauma: Interventions that promote healthy development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, 2009. Intervention summary retrieved on 2/7/18 from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices, https://nrepp.samhsa.gov/Legacy/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=23. Last accessed on February 7, 2018.

Rodriguez-JenKins, J., & Marcenko, M. O. (2014). Parenting stress among child welfare involved families: differences by child placement. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.024.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Samuels-Dennis, J. A., Ford-Gilboe, M., & Ray, S. (2011). Single mother’s adverse and traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Family Violence, 26(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-010-9337-1.CrossRef

Samuelson, K. W., & Cashman, C. (2008). Effects of intimate partner violence and maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms on children’s emotional and behavioral functioning. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 8(1-2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926790801986007.CrossRef

Samuelson, K. W., Wilson, C. K., Padrón, E., Lee, S., & Gavron, L. (2016). Maternal PTSD and children’s adjustment: parenting stress and emotional availability as proposed mediators. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22369.CrossRefPubMed

Schuhmann, E. M., Foote, R. C., Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Algina, J. (1998). Efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy: interim report of a randomized trial with short-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2701_4.CrossRefPubMed

Thakar, D., Coffino, B., & Lieberman, A. F. (2013). Maternal symptomatology and parent–child relationship functioning in a diverse sample of young children exposed to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21799.CrossRefPubMed

Tucker, J. & Lowell, C. (2016). National snapshot: poverty among women & families, 2015. Retrieved from The National Women’s Law Center website: https://nwlc.org/resources/national-snapshot-poverty-among-women-families-2015/. Last accessed on August 10, 2018.

van Ee, E., Kleber, R. J., & Jongmans, M. J. (2016). Relational patterns between caregivers with PTSD and their nonexposed children: a review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 17(2), 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584355.CrossRef

Zero to Three National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. (2017). The basics of infant and early childhood mental health: a briefing paper. Retrieved from https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/1951-the-basics-of-infant-and-early-childhood-mental-health-a-briefing-paper. Last accessed on August 10, 2018.

Titel: Exploring the Relationships Between Maternal Mental Health Symptoms and Young Children’s Functioning in a Low-Income, Minority Sample
Auteurs: Abigail Palmer Molina
Sonya Negriff
William Monro
Ferol E. Mennen
Publicatiedatum: 17-09-2018
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2018
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1225-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2018

Adolescents’ Perceptions of Post-treatment Change: Making Progress Toward a Developmentally-Sensitive Evaluation Process

Original Paper

Perceived Negative Peer Relationships Moderate the Association between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Nonsuicidal Self-injury

Original Paper

Mothers’ Attitudes as Organizers of Discipline Practices and Related Anticipatory Processes

Original Paper

Self-Regulation, Learning Problems, and Maternal Authoritarian Parenting in Chinese Children: A Developmental Cascades Model

Original Paper

Socioeconomic Status, Emotional/Behavioral Difficulties, and Social Competence among Preschool Children in Japan

Original Paper

Relationship Quality among Chronically Ill Children and their Parents

Original Paper