Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 7/2015

01-07-2015 | Original Paper

The Effect of Maternal Depression on Young Children’s Progress in Treatment

Auteurs: Ferol E. Mennen, Cara Pohle, William L. Monro, Lei Duan, Karen M. Finello, Stephen Ambrose, Marie K. Poulsen, William Arroyo

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study examined the effect of maternal depression on the functioning of young, primarily Latino children (birth to 5) in an inner-city mental health treatment program designed for children involved or at risk of involvement with the child welfare system. Children and their mothers were evaluated at entry into the program and at 6-month intervals while in treatment. Maternal depression, child behavior problems, and child development were all measured. At entry into the program, children (n = 194) whose mothers were depressed had higher levels of behavior problems and poorer development. Boys had more problems than girls. A growth curve model of those with more than one measurement point (n = 147) found that although all children improved with treatment, children whose mothers were depressed improved more slowly than children whose mothers were not depressed. Findings support the negative impact of maternal depression on children’s progress in treatment.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
go back to reference Beyer, T., Postert, C., Müller, J. M., & Furniss, T. (2012). Prognosis and continuity of child mental health problems from preschool to primary school: Results of a four-year longitudinal study. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 533–543. doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0282-5.PubMedCrossRef Beyer, T., Postert, C., Müller, J. M., & Furniss, T. (2012). Prognosis and continuity of child mental health problems from preschool to primary school: Results of a four-year longitudinal study. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 533–543. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-012-0282-5.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bornstein, M. H., Giusti, Z., Leach, D. B., & Venuti, P. (2005). Maternal reports of adaptive behaviours in young children: Urban–rural and gender comparisons in Italy and United States. Infant and Child Development, 14, 403–424. doi:10.1002/icd.414.CrossRef Bornstein, M. H., Giusti, Z., Leach, D. B., & Venuti, P. (2005). Maternal reports of adaptive behaviours in young children: Urban–rural and gender comparisons in Italy and United States. Infant and Child Development, 14, 403–424. doi:10.​1002/​icd.​414.CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell, S. B., Brownell, C. A., Hungerford, A., Spieker, S. J., Mohan, R., & Blessing, J. S. (2004). The course of maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity as predictors of preschool attachment security at 36 months. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 231–252. doi:10.1017/S0954579404044499.PubMedCrossRef Campbell, S. B., Brownell, C. A., Hungerford, A., Spieker, S. J., Mohan, R., & Blessing, J. S. (2004). The course of maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity as predictors of preschool attachment security at 36 months. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 231–252. doi:10.​1017/​S095457940404449​9.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carter, A. S., Wagmiller, R. J., Gray, S. A. O., McCarthy, K. J., Horwitz, S. M., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2010). Prevalence of DSM-IV disorder in a representative, healthy birth cohort at school entry: Sociodemographic risks and social adaptation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 686–698. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.018.PubMedCentralPubMed Carter, A. S., Wagmiller, R. J., Gray, S. A. O., McCarthy, K. J., Horwitz, S. M., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2010). Prevalence of DSM-IV disorder in a representative, healthy birth cohort at school entry: Sociodemographic risks and social adaptation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 686–698. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jaac.​2010.​03.​018.PubMedCentralPubMed
go back to reference Center for Mental Health Services. (2005). National evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program: Data manual: Phase IV of the CMHS national evaluation: Communities funded in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Mental Health Services. (2005). National evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program: Data manual: Phase IV of the CMHS national evaluation: Communities funded in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
go back to reference Chaudron, L. H., Kitzman, H. J., Peifer, K. L., Morrow, S., Perez, L. M., & Newman, M. C. (2005). Prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in low-income Hispanic women. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 418–423. doi:10.4088/JCP.v66n0402.PubMedCrossRef Chaudron, L. H., Kitzman, H. J., Peifer, K. L., Morrow, S., Perez, L. M., & Newman, M. C. (2005). Prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in low-income Hispanic women. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 418–423. doi:10.​4088/​JCP.​v66n0402.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chiu, C.-J., Wray, L. A., Beverly, E. A., & Dominic, O. G. (2010). The role of health behaviors in mediating the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A structural equation modeling approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 67–76. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0043-3.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chiu, C.-J., Wray, L. A., Beverly, E. A., & Dominic, O. G. (2010). The role of health behaviors in mediating the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A structural equation modeling approach. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 67–76. doi:10.​1007/​s00127-009-0043-3.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chronis-Tuscano, A., Clarke, T. L., O’Brien, K. A., Raggi, V. L., Diaz, Y., Mintz, A. D., et al. (2013). Development and preliminary evaluation of an integrated treatment targeting parenting and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 918–925. doi:10.1037/a0032112.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chronis-Tuscano, A., Clarke, T. L., O’Brien, K. A., Raggi, V. L., Diaz, Y., Mintz, A. D., et al. (2013). Development and preliminary evaluation of an integrated treatment targeting parenting and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 918–925. doi:10.​1037/​a0032112.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Conroy, S., Pariante, C. M., Marks, M. N., Davies, H. A., Farrelly, S., Schacht, R., et al. (2012). Maternal psychopathology and infant development at 18 months: The impact of maternal personality disorder and depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 51–61. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.10.007.PubMedCrossRef Conroy, S., Pariante, C. M., Marks, M. N., Davies, H. A., Farrelly, S., Schacht, R., et al. (2012). Maternal psychopathology and infant development at 18 months: The impact of maternal personality disorder and depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 51–61. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jaac.​2011.​10.​007.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dietz, P. M., Williams, S. B., Callaghan, W. M., Bachman, D. J., Whitlock, E. P., & Hornbrook, M. C. (2007). Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1515–1520. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06111893.PubMedCrossRef Dietz, P. M., Williams, S. B., Callaghan, W. M., Bachman, D. J., Whitlock, E. P., & Hornbrook, M. C. (2007). Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1515–1520. doi:10.​1176/​appi.​ajp.​2007.​06111893.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dix, T., Meunier, L. N., Lusk, K., & Perfect, M. M. (2012). Mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s facial emotions: Examining the depression–inhibition hypothesis. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 195–210. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000770.PubMedCrossRef Dix, T., Meunier, L. N., Lusk, K., & Perfect, M. M. (2012). Mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s facial emotions: Examining the depression–inhibition hypothesis. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 195–210. doi:10.​1017/​S095457941100077​0.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gartstein, M. A., Bridgett, D. J., Rothbart, M. K., Robertson, C., Iddins, E., Ramsay, K., et al. (2010). A latent growth examination of fear development in infancy: Contributions of maternal depression and the risk for toddler anxiety. Developmental Psychopathology, 46, 651–668. doi:10.1037/a0018898.CrossRef Gartstein, M. A., Bridgett, D. J., Rothbart, M. K., Robertson, C., Iddins, E., Ramsay, K., et al. (2010). A latent growth examination of fear development in infancy: Contributions of maternal depression and the risk for toddler anxiety. Developmental Psychopathology, 46, 651–668. doi:10.​1037/​a0018898.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, S. H., & Brand, S. R. (2009). Infants of depressed mothers: Vulnerabilities, risk factors, and protective factors for the later development of psychopathology. In C. H. Zeanah Jr (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (3rd ed., pp. 153–170). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Goodman, S. H., & Brand, S. R. (2009). Infants of depressed mothers: Vulnerabilities, risk factors, and protective factors for the later development of psychopathology. In C. H. Zeanah Jr (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (3rd ed., pp. 153–170). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Robbins Broth, M., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 1–27. doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1.PubMedCrossRef Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Robbins Broth, M., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 1–27. doi:10.​1007/​s10567-010-0080-1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gross, D., Fogg, L., Young, M., Ridge, A., Cowell, J. M., Richardson, R., et al. (2006). The equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 across parent race/ethnicity, income level, and language. Psychological Assessment, 18, 313–323. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.3.313.PubMedCrossRef Gross, D., Fogg, L., Young, M., Ridge, A., Cowell, J. M., Richardson, R., et al. (2006). The equivalence of the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5 across parent race/ethnicity, income level, and language. Psychological Assessment, 18, 313–323. doi:10.​1037/​1040-3590.​18.​3.​313.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Huang, Z. J., Lewin, A., Mitchell, S. J., & Zhang, J. (2012). Variations in the relationship between maternal depression, maternal sensitivity, and child attachment by race/ethnicity and nativity: Findings from a nationally representative cohort study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16, 40–50. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0716-2.PubMedCrossRef Huang, Z. J., Lewin, A., Mitchell, S. J., & Zhang, J. (2012). Variations in the relationship between maternal depression, maternal sensitivity, and child attachment by race/ethnicity and nativity: Findings from a nationally representative cohort study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16, 40–50. doi:10.​1007/​s10995-010-0716-2.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kennard, B. D., Hughes, J. L., Stewart, S. M., Mayes, T., Nightingale-Teresi, J., Tao, R., et al. (2008). Maternal depressive symptoms in pediatric major depressive disorder: Relationship to acute treatment outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 694–699. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816bfff5.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kennard, B. D., Hughes, J. L., Stewart, S. M., Mayes, T., Nightingale-Teresi, J., Tao, R., et al. (2008). Maternal depressive symptoms in pediatric major depressive disorder: Relationship to acute treatment outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 694–699. doi:10.​1097/​CHI.​0b013e31816bfff5​.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kersten-Alvarez, L. E., Hosman, C. M. H., Riksen-Walraven, J. M., van Doesum, K. T. M., Smeekens, S., & Hoefnagels, C. (2012). Early school outcomes for children of postpartum depressed mothers: Comparison with a community sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 201–218. doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0257-y.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kersten-Alvarez, L. E., Hosman, C. M. H., Riksen-Walraven, J. M., van Doesum, K. T. M., Smeekens, S., & Hoefnagels, C. (2012). Early school outcomes for children of postpartum depressed mothers: Comparison with a community sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 201–218. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-011-0257-y.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593–602. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593–602. doi:10.​1001/​archpsyc.​62.​6.​593.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lieberman, A. F. (1977). Preschoolers’ competence with a peer: Relations with attachment and peer experience. Child Development, 48, 1277–1287. doi:10.2307/1128485.CrossRef Lieberman, A. F. (1977). Preschoolers’ competence with a peer: Relations with attachment and peer experience. Child Development, 48, 1277–1287. doi:10.​2307/​1128485.CrossRef
go back to reference Munson, J. A., McMahon, R. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2001). Structure and variability in the developmental trajectory of children’s externalizing problems: Impact of infant attachment, maternal depressive symptomatology, and child sex. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 277–296. doi:10.1017/S095457940100205X.PubMedCrossRef Munson, J. A., McMahon, R. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2001). Structure and variability in the developmental trajectory of children’s externalizing problems: Impact of infant attachment, maternal depressive symptomatology, and child sex. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 277–296. doi:10.​1017/​S095457940100205​X.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Prior, M., Bavin, E. L., Cini, E., Reilly, S., Bretherton, L., Wake, M., et al. (2008). Influences on communicative development at 24 months of age: Child temperament, behaviour problems, and maternal factors. Infant Behavior & Development, 31, 270–279. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.11.001.CrossRef Prior, M., Bavin, E. L., Cini, E., Reilly, S., Bretherton, L., Wake, M., et al. (2008). Influences on communicative development at 24 months of age: Child temperament, behaviour problems, and maternal factors. Infant Behavior & Development, 31, 270–279. doi:10.​1016/​j.​infbeh.​2007.​11.​001.CrossRef
go back to reference Quevedo, L. A., Silva, R. A., Godoy, R., Jansen, K., Matos, M. B., Tavares Pinheiro, K. A., et al. (2012). The impact of maternal post-partum depression on the language development of children at 12 months. Child: Care Health and Development, 38, 420–424. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01251.x. Quevedo, L. A., Silva, R. A., Godoy, R., Jansen, K., Matos, M. B., Tavares Pinheiro, K. A., et al. (2012). The impact of maternal post-partum depression on the language development of children at 12 months. Child: Care Health and Development, 38, 420–424. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1365-2214.​2011.​01251.​x.
go back to reference Radke-Yarrow, M. (1998). Children of depressed mothers: From early childhood to maturity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Radke-Yarrow, M. (1998). Children of depressed mothers: From early childhood to maturity. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Reay, R. E., Owen, C., Shadbolt, B., Raphael, B., Mulcahy, R., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2012). Trajectories of long-term outcomes for postnatally depressed mothers treated with group interpersonal psychotherapy. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 15, 217–228. doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0280-4.PubMedCrossRef Reay, R. E., Owen, C., Shadbolt, B., Raphael, B., Mulcahy, R., & Wilkinson, R. B. (2012). Trajectories of long-term outcomes for postnatally depressed mothers treated with group interpersonal psychotherapy. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 15, 217–228. doi:10.​1007/​s00737-012-0280-4.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rich-Edwards, J. W., Kleinman, K., Abrams, A., Harlow, B. L., McLaughlin, T. J., Joffe, H., et al. (2006). Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 221–227. doi:10.1136/jech.2005.039370.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rich-Edwards, J. W., Kleinman, K., Abrams, A., Harlow, B. L., McLaughlin, T. J., Joffe, H., et al. (2006). Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 221–227. doi:10.​1136/​jech.​2005.​039370.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Interview edition, survey form manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Interview edition, survey form manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
go back to reference Sparrow, S. S., Carter, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1993). Vineland Screener: Overview, reliability, validity, administration, and scoring. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Child Study Center. Sparrow, S. S., Carter, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1993). Vineland Screener: Overview, reliability, validity, administration, and scoring. New Haven, CT: Yale University, Child Study Center.
go back to reference Verbeek, T., Bockting, C. L. H., van Pampus, M. G., Ormel, J., Meijer, J. L., Hartman, C. A., et al. (2012). Postpartum depression predicts offspring mental health problems in adolescence independently of parental lifetime psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 948–954. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.035.PubMedCrossRef Verbeek, T., Bockting, C. L. H., van Pampus, M. G., Ormel, J., Meijer, J. L., Hartman, C. A., et al. (2012). Postpartum depression predicts offspring mental health problems in adolescence independently of parental lifetime psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 948–954. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jad.​2011.​08.​035.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Verdeli, H., Ferro, T., Wickramaratne, P., Greenwald, S., Blanco, C., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). Treatment of depressed mothers of depressed children: Pilot study of feasibility. Depression and Anxiety, 19, 51–58. doi:10.1002/da.10139.PubMedCrossRef Verdeli, H., Ferro, T., Wickramaratne, P., Greenwald, S., Blanco, C., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). Treatment of depressed mothers of depressed children: Pilot study of feasibility. Depression and Anxiety, 19, 51–58. doi:10.​1002/​da.​10139.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wang, L., Wu, T., Anderson, J. L., & Florence, J. E. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors of maternal depression during the first three years of child rearing. Journal of Women’s Health, 20, 711–718. doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2232.PubMedCrossRef Wang, L., Wu, T., Anderson, J. L., & Florence, J. E. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors of maternal depression during the first three years of child rearing. Journal of Women’s Health, 20, 711–718. doi:10.​1089/​jwh.​2010.​2232.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1988). Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 299–315. doi:10.1007/BF00913802.PubMedCrossRef Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1988). Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 299–315. doi:10.​1007/​BF00913802.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wille, N., Bettge, S., Wittchen, H.-U., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2008). How impaired are children and adolescents by mental health problems? Results of the BELLA study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(1, Suppl.), 42–51. doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1005-0. Wille, N., Bettge, S., Wittchen, H.-U., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2008). How impaired are children and adolescents by mental health problems? Results of the BELLA study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(1, Suppl.), 42–51. doi:10.​1007/​s00787-008-1005-0.
go back to reference Yonkers, K. A., Ramin, S. M., Rush, A. J., Navarrete, C. A., Carmody, T., March, D., et al. (2001). Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1856–1863. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1856.PubMedCrossRef Yonkers, K. A., Ramin, S. M., Rush, A. J., Navarrete, C. A., Carmody, T., March, D., et al. (2001). Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1856–1863. doi:10.​1176/​appi.​ajp.​158.​11.​1856.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Effect of Maternal Depression on Young Children’s Progress in Treatment
Auteurs
Ferol E. Mennen
Cara Pohle
William L. Monro
Lei Duan
Karen M. Finello
Stephen Ambrose
Marie K. Poulsen
William Arroyo
Publicatiedatum
01-07-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2015
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0010-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2015

Journal of Child and Family Studies 7/2015 Naar de uitgave