Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 12/2015

22-02-2015 | Original Paper

Emotion Socialization Mechanisms Linking Chinese Fathers’, Mothers’, and Children’s Emotion Regulation: A Moderated Mediation Model

Auteurs: Zhuo Rachel Han, Jing Qian, Mengyu Gao, Jianhui Dong

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions, including supportive and unsupportive reactions, are considered to socialize children’s emotion regulation, which is critical to children’s socio-emotional competency. Limited research has investigated how the characteristics of parents, such as parental emotion dysregulation, are associated with their reactions to children’s emotions. Little is known about fathers’ and mothers’ complementary role in alleviating or buffering against the effect of spouses’ reactions on children’s emotion regulation abilities. This study examined these links with 195 Chinese school-age children (M age = 9.15, SD = 1.02) and their biological parents. The findings indicated that parental emotion dysregulation was associated with their supportive reactions to children’s negative emotions and these reactions interacted with the co-caregiver’s emotion dysregulation to exert an effect on children’s emotion regulation. These findings not only highlight the pathway through which parental emotion regulation abilities are transferred to their children but also suggest that fathers and mothers both play distinct roles in socializing children’s emotion regulation. Further, their interaction, rather than paternal or maternal emotion dysregulation per se, appeared to influence children’s emotional competence.
Literatuur
go back to reference Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: The role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198–212.CrossRefPubMed Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: The role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198–212.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bogels, S. M., & Phares, V. (2008). Fathers’ role in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 539–558.CrossRefPubMed Bogels, S. M., & Phares, V. (2008). Fathers’ role in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 539–558.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Brand, A. E., & Klimes-Dugan, B. (2010). Emotion socialization in adolescence: The roles of mothers and fathers. In A. Kennedy Root & S. Denham (Eds.), The role of gender in the socialization of emotion: Key concepts and critical issues. New directions for child and adolescent development (Vol. 128, pp. 85–100). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Brand, A. E., & Klimes-Dugan, B. (2010). Emotion socialization in adolescence: The roles of mothers and fathers. In A. Kennedy Root & S. Denham (Eds.), The role of gender in the socialization of emotion: Key concepts and critical issues. New directions for child and adolescent development (Vol. 128, pp. 85–100). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
go back to reference Burchinal, M., Howes, C., Pianta, R., Bryant, D., Early, D., Clifford, R., & Barbarin, O. (2008). Predicting child outcomes at the end of kindergarten from the quality of pre-kindergarten teacher–child interactions and instruction. Applied Development Science, 12, 140–153.CrossRef Burchinal, M., Howes, C., Pianta, R., Bryant, D., Early, D., Clifford, R., & Barbarin, O. (2008). Predicting child outcomes at the end of kindergarten from the quality of pre-kindergarten teacher–child interactions and instruction. Applied Development Science, 12, 140–153.CrossRef
go back to reference Carrere, S., & Bowie, B. H. (2012). Like parent, like child: parent and child emotion dysregulation. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 26, 23–30.CrossRef Carrere, S., & Bowie, B. H. (2012). Like parent, like child: parent and child emotion dysregulation. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 26, 23–30.CrossRef
go back to reference Cassano, M., Adrian, M., Veits, G., & Zeman, J. (2006). The inclusion of fathers in the empirical investigation of child psychopathology: An update. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 583–589.CrossRefPubMed Cassano, M., Adrian, M., Veits, G., & Zeman, J. (2006). The inclusion of fathers in the empirical investigation of child psychopathology: An update. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 583–589.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cassano, M., Perry-Parrish, C., & Zeman, J. (2007). Influence of gender on parental socialization of children’s sadness regulation. Social Development, 16, 210–231.CrossRef Cassano, M., Perry-Parrish, C., & Zeman, J. (2007). Influence of gender on parental socialization of children’s sadness regulation. Social Development, 16, 210–231.CrossRef
go back to reference Cassano, M. C., & Zeman, J. L. (2010). Parental socialization of sadness regulation in middle childhood: The role of expectations and gender. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1214–1226.CrossRefPubMed Cassano, M. C., & Zeman, J. L. (2010). Parental socialization of sadness regulation in middle childhood: The role of expectations and gender. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1214–1226.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cassano, M. C., Zeman, J. L., & Sanders, W. M. (2014). Responses to children’s sadness: Mothers’ and fathers’ unique contributions and perceptions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 60, 1–23.CrossRef Cassano, M. C., Zeman, J. L., & Sanders, W. M. (2014). Responses to children’s sadness: Mothers’ and fathers’ unique contributions and perceptions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 60, 1–23.CrossRef
go back to reference Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 598–606.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 598–606.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cole, P. M., & Dennis, T. A. (1998). Variations on a theme: Culture and the meaning of socialization practices and child competence. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 276–278.CrossRef Cole, P. M., & Dennis, T. A. (1998). Variations on a theme: Culture and the meaning of socialization practices and child competence. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 276–278.CrossRef
go back to reference Denham, S. (1989). Maternal affect and toddlers’ social-emotional competence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 368–376.CrossRefPubMed Denham, S. (1989). Maternal affect and toddlers’ social-emotional competence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 368–376.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2007). The socialization of emotional competence. In J. Grusec & P. Hastings (Eds.), The handbook of socialization (pp. 614–637). New York: Guilford Press. Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Wyatt, T. (2007). The socialization of emotional competence. In J. Grusec & P. Hastings (Eds.), The handbook of socialization (pp. 614–637). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach-, Major S., et al. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence. Child Development, 74, 238–256.CrossRefPubMed Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach-, Major S., et al. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence. Child Development, 74, 238–256.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Denham, S. A., & Kochanoff, A. (2002). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ understanding of emotion. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 311–343.CrossRef Denham, S. A., & Kochanoff, A. (2002). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ understanding of emotion. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 311–343.CrossRef
go back to reference Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting: Adaptive and maladaptive processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 3–25.CrossRefPubMed Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting: Adaptive and maladaptive processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 3–25.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dix, T., & Meunier, L. N. (2009). Depressive symptoms and parenting competence: an analysis of 13 regulatory processes. Developmental Review, 29, 45–68.CrossRef Dix, T., & Meunier, L. N. (2009). Depressive symptoms and parenting competence: an analysis of 13 regulatory processes. Developmental Review, 29, 45–68.CrossRef
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., & Troyer, D. (1992). The relations of maternal practices and characteristics to children’s vicarious emotional responsiveness. Child Development, 63, 583–602.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., & Troyer, D. (1992). The relations of maternal practices and characteristics to children’s vicarious emotional responsiveness. Child Development, 63, 583–602.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–2247.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–2247.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children’s social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children’s social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2001). Mothers’ emotional expressivity and children’s behavior problems and social competence: mediation through children’s regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37, 475–490.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2001). Mothers’ emotional expressivity and children’s behavior problems and social competence: mediation through children’s regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37, 475–490.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Emde, R. N., Biringen, Z., Clyman, R. B., & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The moral self of infancy: Affective core and procedural knowledge. Developmental Review, 11, 251–270.CrossRef Emde, R. N., Biringen, Z., Clyman, R. B., & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The moral self of infancy: Affective core and procedural knowledge. Developmental Review, 11, 251–270.CrossRef
go back to reference Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., Jones, S., Smith, M. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Poulin, R. (1999). Regulation, emotionality, and preschoolers’ socially competent peer interactions. Child Development, 70, 218–235.CrossRef Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., Jones, S., Smith, M. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Poulin, R. (1999). Regulation, emotionality, and preschoolers’ socially competent peer interactions. Child Development, 70, 218–235.CrossRef
go back to reference Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72, 907–920.CrossRefPubMed Fabes, R. A., Leonard, S. A., Kupanoff, K., & Martin, C. L. (2001). Parental coping with children’s negative emotions: Relations with children’s emotional and social responding. Child Development, 72, 907–920.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R. E., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotional competence. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 285–310.CrossRef Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R. E., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotional competence. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 285–310.CrossRef
go back to reference Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243–268.CrossRef Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243–268.CrossRef
go back to reference Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.CrossRef Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.CrossRef
go back to reference Han, Z. R., & Shaffer, A. (2013). The relation of parental emotion dysregulation to children’s psychopathology symptoms: the moderating role of child emotion dysregulation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 591–601.CrossRefPubMed Han, Z. R., & Shaffer, A. (2013). The relation of parental emotion dysregulation to children’s psychopathology symptoms: the moderating role of child emotion dysregulation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 591–601.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jones, S., Eisenberg, N. A., Fabes, R. A., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2002). Parents’ reactions to elementary school children’s negative emotions: Relations to social and emotional functioning at school. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 133–159.CrossRef Jones, S., Eisenberg, N. A., Fabes, R. A., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2002). Parents’ reactions to elementary school children’s negative emotions: Relations to social and emotional functioning at school. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 133–159.CrossRef
go back to reference Klimes-Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn-Waxler, C., Usher, B., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K., & Garside, R. B. (2007). Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Difference in sex, age, and problem status. Social Development, 16, 326–342.CrossRef Klimes-Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn-Waxler, C., Usher, B., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K., & Garside, R. B. (2007). Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Difference in sex, age, and problem status. Social Development, 16, 326–342.CrossRef
go back to reference Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S. H., Fontaine, J., Anguas-Wong, A. M., Arriola, M., Ataca, B., et al. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 55–74.CrossRef Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S. H., Fontaine, J., Anguas-Wong, A. M., Arriola, M., Ataca, B., et al. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 55–74.CrossRef
go back to reference McDowell, D. J., Kim, M., O’neil, R., & Parke, R. D. (2002). Children’s emotional regulation and social competence in middle childhood: The role of maternal and paternal interactive style. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 345–364.CrossRef McDowell, D. J., Kim, M., O’neil, R., & Parke, R. D. (2002). Children’s emotional regulation and social competence in middle childhood: The role of maternal and paternal interactive style. Marriage and Family Review, 34, 345–364.CrossRef
go back to reference McElwain, N. L., Halberstadt, A. G., & Volling, B. L. (2007). Mother- and father-reported reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to young children’s emotion understanding and friendship quality. Child Development, 78, 1407–1425.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed McElwain, N. L., Halberstadt, A. G., & Volling, B. L. (2007). Mother- and father-reported reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to young children’s emotion understanding and friendship quality. Child Development, 78, 1407–1425.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61, 311–346.CrossRefPubMed McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61, 311–346.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Morelen, D., Shaffer, A., & Suveg, C. (2014). Maternal emotion regulation links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 0192513X14546720. Morelen, D., Shaffer, A., & Suveg, C. (2014). Maternal emotion regulation links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 0192513X14546720.
go back to reference Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Newland, R. P., & Crnic, K. A. (2011). Mother–child affect and emotion socialization processes across the late preschool period: predictions of emerging behavior problems. Infant and Child Development, 20, 371–388.CrossRef Newland, R. P., & Crnic, K. A. (2011). Mother–child affect and emotion socialization processes across the late preschool period: predictions of emerging behavior problems. Infant and Child Development, 20, 371–388.CrossRef
go back to reference Parke, R. D. (1994). Progress, paradigms, and unresolved problems: A commentary on recent advances in our understanding of children’s emotions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 157–169. Parke, R. D. (1994). Progress, paradigms, and unresolved problems: A commentary on recent advances in our understanding of children’s emotions. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 157–169.
go back to reference Phares, V., Fields, S., Kamboukos, D., & Lopez, E. (2005). Still looking for poppa. American Psychologist, 60, 735–736.CrossRefPubMed Phares, V., Fields, S., Kamboukos, D., & Lopez, E. (2005). Still looking for poppa. American Psychologist, 60, 735–736.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Power, T. G. (2004). Stress and coping in childhood: The parents’ role. Parenting: Science and Practice, 4, 271–317.CrossRef Power, T. G. (2004). Stress and coping in childhood: The parents’ role. Parenting: Science and Practice, 4, 271–317.CrossRef
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, and computers, 36, 717–731.CrossRefPubMed Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, and computers, 36, 717–731.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227.CrossRef Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42, 185–227.CrossRef
go back to reference Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33, 906–916.CrossRefPubMed Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33, 906–916.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Olan, A. A., & Kovacs, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 69–78.CrossRefPubMed Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Olan, A. A., & Kovacs, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 69–78.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189–222.CrossRefPubMed Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189–222.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Spinrad, T. L., Stifter, C. A., Donelan-McCall, N., & Turner, L. (2004). Mothers’ regulation strategies in response to toddlers’ affect: Links to later emotion self-regulation. Social Development, 13, 40–55.CrossRef Spinrad, T. L., Stifter, C. A., Donelan-McCall, N., & Turner, L. (2004). Mothers’ regulation strategies in response to toddlers’ affect: Links to later emotion self-regulation. Social Development, 13, 40–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Suveg, C., Raley, J. N., Morelen, D., Wang, W., Han, R. Z., & Campion, S. (2014). Child and family emotional functioning: A cross-national examination of families from China and the United States. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1444–1454.CrossRef Suveg, C., Raley, J. N., Morelen, D., Wang, W., Han, R. Z., & Campion, S. (2014). Child and family emotional functioning: A cross-national examination of families from China and the United States. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1444–1454.CrossRef
go back to reference Suveg, C., Shaffer, A., Morelen, D., & Thomassin, K. (2011). Links between maternal and child psychopathology symptoms: Mediation through child emotion regulation and moderation through maternal behavior. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 42, 507–520.CrossRefPubMed Suveg, C., Shaffer, A., Morelen, D., & Thomassin, K. (2011). Links between maternal and child psychopathology symptoms: Mediation through child emotion regulation and moderation through maternal behavior. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 42, 507–520.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tao, A., Zhou, Q., & Wang, Y. (2010). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Prospective relations to Chinese children’s psychological adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 135–144.CrossRefPubMed Tao, A., Zhou, Q., & Wang, Y. (2010). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Prospective relations to Chinese children’s psychological adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 135–144.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Trentacosta, C. J., & Izard, C. E. (2007). Kindergarten children’s emotion competence as a predictor of their academic competence in first grade. Emotion, 7, 77–88.CrossRefPubMed Trentacosta, C. J., & Izard, C. E. (2007). Kindergarten children’s emotion competence as a predictor of their academic competence in first grade. Emotion, 7, 77–88.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wagner, B. M., Cohen, P., & Brook, J. S. (1996). Parent/adolescent relationships moderators of the effects of stressful life events. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 347–374.CrossRef Wagner, B. M., Cohen, P., & Brook, J. S. (1996). Parent/adolescent relationships moderators of the effects of stressful life events. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 347–374.CrossRef
go back to reference Wong, M., Mcelwain, N., & Halberstadt, A. (2009). Parent, family, and child characteristics: Associations with mother- and father- reported emotion socialization practices. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 452–463.CrossRefPubMed Wong, M., Mcelwain, N., & Halberstadt, A. (2009). Parent, family, and child characteristics: Associations with mother- and father- reported emotion socialization practices. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 452–463.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., et al. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers’ parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 481–491.CrossRef Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., et al. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers’ parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 481–491.CrossRef
go back to reference Xu, M., & Zhang, Z. (2008). Distinguishing proactive and reactive aggression in Chinese children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 539–552.CrossRefPubMed Xu, M., & Zhang, Z. (2008). Distinguishing proactive and reactive aggression in Chinese children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 539–552.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Yap, M. B. H., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depressive disorders. Clinical Child Family Psychological Review, 10, 180–196.CrossRef Yap, M. B. H., Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depressive disorders. Clinical Child Family Psychological Review, 10, 180–196.CrossRef
go back to reference Zahn-Waxler, C., Friedman, R. J., Cole, P. M., Mizuta, I., & Hiruma, N. (1996). Japanese and United States preschool children’s responses to conflict and distress. Child Development, 67, 2462–2477.CrossRefPubMed Zahn-Waxler, C., Friedman, R. J., Cole, P. M., Mizuta, I., & Hiruma, N. (1996). Japanese and United States preschool children’s responses to conflict and distress. Child Development, 67, 2462–2477.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Emotion Socialization Mechanisms Linking Chinese Fathers’, Mothers’, and Children’s Emotion Regulation: A Moderated Mediation Model
Auteurs
Zhuo Rachel Han
Jing Qian
Mengyu Gao
Jianhui Dong
Publicatiedatum
22-02-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2015
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0158-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2015

Journal of Child and Family Studies 12/2015 Naar de uitgave