Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2024

26-06-2022 | Original Article

Early Behavioral Markers of Anxiety and Reduced Frontal Brain Alpha May Predict High Risk for Bullying Victimization

Auteurs: Isabel Solis, Loretta Serna, Julia M. Stephen, Kristina T. R. Ciesielski

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2024

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Bullying victimization has a profound negative impact on a child’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. Childhood bullying victimization is reported across various social settings, suggesting common characteristics that increase a child’s vulnerability to victimization. It is critical to identify early markers of such vulnerability to design preventative tools. Comprehensive semi-structured clinical interviews from mothers of child-victims and non-engaged control children included assessment of early developmental rituals and behavioral inhibition to social novelty, as potential behavioral correlates of anxiety. Neuropsychological and clinical assessment tools were used, and resting state spectral resting state EEG (rsEEG) was recorded. Increased frequency/severity of early developmental rituals and behaviorally inhibited responses to social novelty were apparent in all child-victims, alongside significantly reduced power of ventral prefrontal brain rsEEG alpha oscillations (8–13 Hz). This triad of findings, in line with prior studies, suggested an elevated early childhood anxiety, which, as current findings indicate, may be a cross-diagnostic marker of increased risk for life-long bullying victimization. Gaining insight into early childhood markers of anxiety may meaningfully complement neuropsychiatric prognosis and preventative efforts.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Olweus D (1978) Aggression in the schools: bullies and whipping boys. Hemisphere Olweus D (1978) Aggression in the schools: bullies and whipping boys. Hemisphere
2.
go back to reference Volk AA, Dane AV, Marini ZA (2014) What is bullying? A theoretical redefinition. Dev Rev 34(4):327–343CrossRef Volk AA, Dane AV, Marini ZA (2014) What is bullying? A theoretical redefinition. Dev Rev 34(4):327–343CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Liu J, Graves N (2011) Childhood bullying: a review of constructs, concepts, and nursing implications. Public Health Nur 28(6):556–568CrossRef Liu J, Graves N (2011) Childhood bullying: a review of constructs, concepts, and nursing implications. Public Health Nur 28(6):556–568CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Winsper C, Lereya T, Zanarini M, Wolke D (2012) Involvement in bullying and suicide-related behavior at 11 years: a prospective birth cohort study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(3):271–282CrossRef Winsper C, Lereya T, Zanarini M, Wolke D (2012) Involvement in bullying and suicide-related behavior at 11 years: a prospective birth cohort study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(3):271–282CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Gren-Landell M, Aho N, Andersson G, Svedin CG (2011) Social anxiety disorder and victimization in a community sample of adolescents. J Adolesc 34(3):569–577PubMedCrossRef Gren-Landell M, Aho N, Andersson G, Svedin CG (2011) Social anxiety disorder and victimization in a community sample of adolescents. J Adolesc 34(3):569–577PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Sansen LM, Iffland B, Neuner F (2014) Peer victimization predicts psychological symptoms beyond the effects of child maltreatment. Psychiatry Res 220(3):1051–1058PubMedCrossRef Sansen LM, Iffland B, Neuner F (2014) Peer victimization predicts psychological symptoms beyond the effects of child maltreatment. Psychiatry Res 220(3):1051–1058PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Schwartz D, Dodge KA, Coie JD (1993) The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups. Child Dev 64(6):1755–1772PubMedCrossRef Schwartz D, Dodge KA, Coie JD (1993) The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups. Child Dev 64(6):1755–1772PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Schwartz D, Proctor LJ, Chien DH (2001) The aggressive victim of bullying: Emotional and behavioral dysregulation as a pathway to victimization by peers. In: Juvonen J, Graham S (eds) Peer harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized. The Guilford Press, pp 147–174 Schwartz D, Proctor LJ, Chien DH (2001) The aggressive victim of bullying: Emotional and behavioral dysregulation as a pathway to victimization by peers. In: Juvonen J, Graham S (eds) Peer harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized. The Guilford Press, pp 147–174
9.
go back to reference Kochenderfer-Ladd B (2003) Identification of aggressive and asocial victims and the stability of their peer victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quart 49(4):401–425CrossRef Kochenderfer-Ladd B (2003) Identification of aggressive and asocial victims and the stability of their peer victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quart 49(4):401–425CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Iyer RV, Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Eisenberg N, Thompson M (2010) Peer victimization and effortful control: relations to school engagement and academic achievement. Merrill-Palmer Quart 56(3):361CrossRef Iyer RV, Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Eisenberg N, Thompson M (2010) Peer victimization and effortful control: relations to school engagement and academic achievement. Merrill-Palmer Quart 56(3):361CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Solis I (2018) Neurobehavioral signatures in children-victim of bullying. Unpublished Master Thesis. Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Solis I (2018) Neurobehavioral signatures in children-victim of bullying. Unpublished Master Thesis. Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
12.
go back to reference Gunnar MR, Sebanc AM, Tout K, Donzella B, Van Dulmen MM (2003) Peer rejection, temperament, and cortisol activity in preschoolers. Dev Psychobio 43(4):346–368CrossRef Gunnar MR, Sebanc AM, Tout K, Donzella B, Van Dulmen MM (2003) Peer rejection, temperament, and cortisol activity in preschoolers. Dev Psychobio 43(4):346–368CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Perry DC, Williard JC, Perry LC (1990) Peers’ perceptions of the consequences that victimized children provide aggressors. Child Dev 61(5):1310–1325PubMedCrossRef Perry DC, Williard JC, Perry LC (1990) Peers’ perceptions of the consequences that victimized children provide aggressors. Child Dev 61(5):1310–1325PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Schwartz D (2000) Subtypes of victims and aggressors in children’s peer groups. J of Abnormal Child Psychol 28(2):181–192CrossRef Schwartz D (2000) Subtypes of victims and aggressors in children’s peer groups. J of Abnormal Child Psychol 28(2):181–192CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ma L, Phelps E, Lerner JV, Lerner RM (2009) The development of academic competence among adolescents who bully and who are bullied. J of Appl Dev Psychol 30(5):628–644CrossRef Ma L, Phelps E, Lerner JV, Lerner RM (2009) The development of academic competence among adolescents who bully and who are bullied. J of Appl Dev Psychol 30(5):628–644CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Ma L, Phelps E, Lerner JV, Lerner RM (2009) Longitudinal research in school bullying: adolescents who bully and who are bullied. In: Buchanan D, Fisher CB, Gable L (eds) Research with high-risk populations: balancing science, ethics, and law. Am Psychological Assoc, pp 93–108CrossRef Ma L, Phelps E, Lerner JV, Lerner RM (2009) Longitudinal research in school bullying: adolescents who bully and who are bullied. In: Buchanan D, Fisher CB, Gable L (eds) Research with high-risk populations: balancing science, ethics, and law. Am Psychological Assoc, pp 93–108CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Perry DG, Hodges EVE, Egan SK (2001) Determinants of chronic victimization by peers: a review and new model of family influences. In: Juvonen J, Graham S (eds) Peer harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized. Guilford Press, New York, pp 73–104 Perry DG, Hodges EVE, Egan SK (2001) Determinants of chronic victimization by peers: a review and new model of family influences. In: Juvonen J, Graham S (eds) Peer harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized. Guilford Press, New York, pp 73–104
18.
go back to reference Sweeting H, Young R, West P, Der G (2006) Peer victimization and depression in early–mid adolescence: a longitudinal study. Br J Edu Psychol 76(3):577–594CrossRef Sweeting H, Young R, West P, Der G (2006) Peer victimization and depression in early–mid adolescence: a longitudinal study. Br J Edu Psychol 76(3):577–594CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Rudolph KD, Ladd G, Dinella L (2007) Gender differences in the interpersonal consequences of early-onset depressive symptoms. Merrill-Palmer Quart 53(3):461–488CrossRef Rudolph KD, Ladd G, Dinella L (2007) Gender differences in the interpersonal consequences of early-onset depressive symptoms. Merrill-Palmer Quart 53(3):461–488CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Veenstra R, Lindenberg S, Zijlstra BJ, De Winter AF, Verhulst FC, Ormel J (2007) The dyadic nature of bullying and victimization: testing a dual-perspective theory. Child Dev 78(6):1843–1854PubMedCrossRef Veenstra R, Lindenberg S, Zijlstra BJ, De Winter AF, Verhulst FC, Ormel J (2007) The dyadic nature of bullying and victimization: testing a dual-perspective theory. Child Dev 78(6):1843–1854PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Ladd GW, Kochel KP (2009) A child and environment framework for studying risk for peer victimization. In: Harris MJ (ed) Bullying, rejection, and peer victimization: a social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Springer Publishing, NY, pp 27–52 Kochenderfer-Ladd B, Ladd GW, Kochel KP (2009) A child and environment framework for studying risk for peer victimization. In: Harris MJ (ed) Bullying, rejection, and peer victimization: a social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Springer Publishing, NY, pp 27–52
22.
go back to reference Liu P, Pérez-Edgar KE (2019) Developmental pathways from early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety: an integrative review of developmental psychopathology research and translational implications. Adolesc Res Rev 4(1):45–58CrossRef Liu P, Pérez-Edgar KE (2019) Developmental pathways from early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety: an integrative review of developmental psychopathology research and translational implications. Adolesc Res Rev 4(1):45–58CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Eslea M, Rees J (2001) At what age are children most likely to be bullied at school? Aggressive Beh 27(6):419–429CrossRef Eslea M, Rees J (2001) At what age are children most likely to be bullied at school? Aggressive Beh 27(6):419–429CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Alsaker F, Nägele C (2008) Bullying in kindergarten and prevention. In: Craig W, Pepler D (eds) An international perspective on understanding and addressing bullying, vol I. PREVNet, Kingston, Canada, pp 230–252 Alsaker F, Nägele C (2008) Bullying in kindergarten and prevention. In: Craig W, Pepler D (eds) An international perspective on understanding and addressing bullying, vol I. PREVNet, Kingston, Canada, pp 230–252
28.
go back to reference Evans DW, Leckman JF, Carter A, Reznick JS, Henshaw D, King RA, Pauls D (1997) Ritual, habit, and perfectionism: the prevalence and development of compulsive-like behavior in normal young children. Child Dev 58:68 Evans DW, Leckman JF, Carter A, Reznick JS, Henshaw D, King RA, Pauls D (1997) Ritual, habit, and perfectionism: the prevalence and development of compulsive-like behavior in normal young children. Child Dev 58:68
29.
go back to reference Leonard HL, Goldberger EL, Rapoport JL, Cheslow DL, Swedo SE (1990) Childhood rituals: normal development or obsessive-compulsive symptoms? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 29(1):17–23CrossRef Leonard HL, Goldberger EL, Rapoport JL, Cheslow DL, Swedo SE (1990) Childhood rituals: normal development or obsessive-compulsive symptoms? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 29(1):17–23CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Zohar AH, Felz L (2001) Ritualistic behavior in young children. J of Abnormal Child Psychol 29(2):121–128CrossRef Zohar AH, Felz L (2001) Ritualistic behavior in young children. J of Abnormal Child Psychol 29(2):121–128CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N (1988) Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science 240(4849):167–171PubMedCrossRef Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N (1988) Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science 240(4849):167–171PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF, Chaloff J, Kagan J (1995) Behavioral inhibition as a risk factor for anxiety disorders. In: March JS (ed) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescent. Guildford Press, pp 61–81 Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF, Chaloff J, Kagan J (1995) Behavioral inhibition as a risk factor for anxiety disorders. In: March JS (ed) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescent. Guildford Press, pp 61–81
33.
go back to reference Kagan J, Snidman N, Arcus D (1998) Childhood derivatives of high and low reactivity in infancy. Child Dev 69(6):1483–1493PubMedCrossRef Kagan J, Snidman N, Arcus D (1998) Childhood derivatives of high and low reactivity in infancy. Child Dev 69(6):1483–1493PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Kagan J, Snidman N (1999) Early childhood predictors of adult anxiety disorders. Bio Psychiatry 46(11):1536–1541CrossRef Kagan J, Snidman N (1999) Early childhood predictors of adult anxiety disorders. Bio Psychiatry 46(11):1536–1541CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Glenn S, Cunningham C, Nananidou A (2012) A cross-sectional comparison of routinized and compulsive-like behaviors in typical children aged from 2–11 years. Eur J Dev Psychol 9(5):614–630CrossRef Glenn S, Cunningham C, Nananidou A (2012) A cross-sectional comparison of routinized and compulsive-like behaviors in typical children aged from 2–11 years. Eur J Dev Psychol 9(5):614–630CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Laing SV, Fernyhough C, Turner M, Freeston MH (2009) Fear, worry and ritualistic behavior in childhood: developmental trends and interrelations. Infant Child Dev 18(4):351–366CrossRef Laing SV, Fernyhough C, Turner M, Freeston MH (2009) Fear, worry and ritualistic behavior in childhood: developmental trends and interrelations. Infant Child Dev 18(4):351–366CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Kopp CB (1982) Antecedents of self-regulation: a developmental perspective. Dev Psychol 18(2):199CrossRef Kopp CB (1982) Antecedents of self-regulation: a developmental perspective. Dev Psychol 18(2):199CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Piaget J (1950) The moral judgment of the child. Free Press, Glencoe, IL Piaget J (1950) The moral judgment of the child. Free Press, Glencoe, IL
39.
go back to reference Marks IM (1987) Fears, phobias, and rituals: panic, anxiety, and their disorders. Oxford University Press Marks IM (1987) Fears, phobias, and rituals: panic, anxiety, and their disorders. Oxford University Press
40.
go back to reference Kagan J, Reznick JS, Clarke C, Snidman N, Garcia-Coll C (1984) Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Dev 55:2212–2225CrossRef Kagan J, Reznick JS, Clarke C, Snidman N, Garcia-Coll C (1984) Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar. Child Dev 55:2212–2225CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Fox NA, Henderson HA, Rubin KH, Calkins SD, Schmidt LA (2001) Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life. Child Dev 72(1):1–21PubMedCrossRef Fox NA, Henderson HA, Rubin KH, Calkins SD, Schmidt LA (2001) Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life. Child Dev 72(1):1–21PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kagan J (2012) The concept of behavioral inhibition. Extreme fear, shyness and social phobia. Oxford Scholarship Online. Kagan J (2012) The concept of behavioral inhibition. Extreme fear, shyness and social phobia. Oxford Scholarship Online.
43.
go back to reference Fox NA, Pine DS (2012) Temperament and the emergence of anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(2):125CrossRef Fox NA, Pine DS (2012) Temperament and the emergence of anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(2):125CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Pérez-Edgar KE, Guyer AE (2014) Behavioral inhibition: temperament or prodrome? Current Behav Neurosci Rep 1(3):182–190CrossRef Pérez-Edgar KE, Guyer AE (2014) Behavioral inhibition: temperament or prodrome? Current Behav Neurosci Rep 1(3):182–190CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Dustman RE, Beck EC (1965) The visually evoked potential in twins. Electroencephalography Clin Neurophysiol 19(6):570–575CrossRef Dustman RE, Beck EC (1965) The visually evoked potential in twins. Electroencephalography Clin Neurophysiol 19(6):570–575CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Finman R, Berkowitz L (1989) Some factors influencing the effect of depressed mood on anger and overt hostility toward another. J Res Personality 23(1):70–84CrossRef Finman R, Berkowitz L (1989) Some factors influencing the effect of depressed mood on anger and overt hostility toward another. J Res Personality 23(1):70–84CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Theall-Honey LA, Schmidt LA (2006) Do temperamentally shy children process emotion differently than non-shy children? Behavioral, psychophysiological, and gender differences in reticent preschoolers. Dev Psychobio 48(3):187–196CrossRef Theall-Honey LA, Schmidt LA (2006) Do temperamentally shy children process emotion differently than non-shy children? Behavioral, psychophysiological, and gender differences in reticent preschoolers. Dev Psychobio 48(3):187–196CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Thibodeau R, Jorgensen RS, Kim S (2006) Depression, anxiety, and resting frontal EEG asymmetry: a meta-analytic review. J Abnormal Psychol 115(4):715CrossRef Thibodeau R, Jorgensen RS, Kim S (2006) Depression, anxiety, and resting frontal EEG asymmetry: a meta-analytic review. J Abnormal Psychol 115(4):715CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Ciesielski KT, Hämäläinen MS, Geller DA, Wilhelm S, Goldsmith TE, Ahlfors SP (2007) Dissociation between MEG alpha modulation and performance accuracy on visual working memory task in obsessive compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 28(12):1401–1414PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ciesielski KT, Hämäläinen MS, Geller DA, Wilhelm S, Goldsmith TE, Ahlfors SP (2007) Dissociation between MEG alpha modulation and performance accuracy on visual working memory task in obsessive compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 28(12):1401–1414PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Ciesielski KT, Rauch SL, Ahlfors SP, Vangel ME, Wilhelm S, Rosen BR, Hämäläinen MS (2012) Role of medial cortical networks for anticipatory processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 33(9):2125–2134PubMedCrossRef Ciesielski KT, Rauch SL, Ahlfors SP, Vangel ME, Wilhelm S, Rosen BR, Hämäläinen MS (2012) Role of medial cortical networks for anticipatory processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 33(9):2125–2134PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Guyer AE, Choate VR, Pine DS, Nelson EE (2012) Neural circuitry underlying affective response to peer feedback in adolescence. Soc Cog and Affective Neurosci 7(1):81–92CrossRef Guyer AE, Choate VR, Pine DS, Nelson EE (2012) Neural circuitry underlying affective response to peer feedback in adolescence. Soc Cog and Affective Neurosci 7(1):81–92CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Lange J, Oostenveld R, Fries P (2013) Reduced occipital alpha power indexes enhanced excitability rather than improved visual perception. J Neurosci 33:3212–3220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Lange J, Oostenveld R, Fries P (2013) Reduced occipital alpha power indexes enhanced excitability rather than improved visual perception. J Neurosci 33:3212–3220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Schwartz CE, Wright CI, Shin LM, Kagan J, Rauch SL (2003) Inhibited and uninhibited infants “grown up”: adult amygdalar response to novelty. Sci 300(5627):1952–1953CrossRef Schwartz CE, Wright CI, Shin LM, Kagan J, Rauch SL (2003) Inhibited and uninhibited infants “grown up”: adult amygdalar response to novelty. Sci 300(5627):1952–1953CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Blackford JU, Avery SN, Cowan RL, Shelton RC, Zald DH (2011) Sustained amygdala response to both novel and newly familiar faces characterizes inhibited temperament. Social Cog Affective Neurosci 6(5):621–629CrossRef Blackford JU, Avery SN, Cowan RL, Shelton RC, Zald DH (2011) Sustained amygdala response to both novel and newly familiar faces characterizes inhibited temperament. Social Cog Affective Neurosci 6(5):621–629CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Van Beijsterveldt CE, Molenaar PC, De Geus EJ, Boomsma DI (1996) Heritability of human brain functioning as assessed by electroencephalography. Am J Hum Genet 58(3):562PubMedPubMedCentral Van Beijsterveldt CE, Molenaar PC, De Geus EJ, Boomsma DI (1996) Heritability of human brain functioning as assessed by electroencephalography. Am J Hum Genet 58(3):562PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
go back to reference Gasser T, Bächer P, Steinberg H (1985) Test-retest reliability of spectral parameters of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60:312–319PubMedCrossRef Gasser T, Bächer P, Steinberg H (1985) Test-retest reliability of spectral parameters of the EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60:312–319PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Kondacs A, Szabó M (1999) Long-term intra-individual variability of the background EEG in normals. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1708–1716PubMedCrossRef Kondacs A, Szabó M (1999) Long-term intra-individual variability of the background EEG in normals. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1708–1716PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Salinsky MC, Oken BS, Morehead L (1991) Test-retest reliability in EEG frequency analysis. Electroencephalography Clin Neuro-Physiol 79:382–392CrossRef Salinsky MC, Oken BS, Morehead L (1991) Test-retest reliability in EEG frequency analysis. Electroencephalography Clin Neuro-Physiol 79:382–392CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Kagan J (2001) Temperamental contributions to affective and behavioral profiles in childhood. In: Hofmann SG, DiBartolo PM (eds) From social anxiety to social phobia: multiple perspectives. Allyn & Bacon, NY, pp 216–234 Kagan J (2001) Temperamental contributions to affective and behavioral profiles in childhood. In: Hofmann SG, DiBartolo PM (eds) From social anxiety to social phobia: multiple perspectives. Allyn & Bacon, NY, pp 216–234
61.
go back to reference Wechsler D (2011) Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence, 2nd edn. Pearson, Bloomington, MN Wechsler D (2011) Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence, 2nd edn. Pearson, Bloomington, MN
62.
go back to reference Spreen O, Strauss E (1998) A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford University Press, New York Spreen O, Strauss E (1998) A compendium of neuropsychological tests. Oxford University Press, New York
63.
go back to reference Storch EA, Ledley RD, Lewon AB, Murphy TK, Johns NB et al (2006) Peer victimization in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder: relations with symptoms of psychopathology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 35(4):445–455 Storch EA, Ledley RD, Lewon AB, Murphy TK, Johns NB et al (2006) Peer victimization in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder: relations with symptoms of psychopathology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 35(4):445–455
64.
go back to reference Scahill L, Riddle MA, McSwiggin-Hardin M, Ort SI, King RA, Goodman WK et al (1997) Children’s Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: reliability and validity. J Am Acad Child Adoles Psych 36(6):844–852CrossRef Scahill L, Riddle MA, McSwiggin-Hardin M, Ort SI, King RA, Goodman WK et al (1997) Children’s Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: reliability and validity. J Am Acad Child Adoles Psych 36(6):844–852CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Espelage DL, Holt MK (2001) Bullying and victimization during early adolescence: Peer influences and psychosocial correlates. J Emot Abus 2(2–3):123–142CrossRef Espelage DL, Holt MK (2001) Bullying and victimization during early adolescence: Peer influences and psychosocial correlates. J Emot Abus 2(2–3):123–142CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Nuwer MR, Comi G, Emerson R, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Guérit JM, Hinrichs H et al (1998) IFCN standards for digital recording of clinical EEG. Electroencephalography Clin Neurophysiol 106(3):259–261CrossRef Nuwer MR, Comi G, Emerson R, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Guérit JM, Hinrichs H et al (1998) IFCN standards for digital recording of clinical EEG. Electroencephalography Clin Neurophysiol 106(3):259–261CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Delorme A, Makeig S (2004) EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J of Neurosci Methods 134(1):9–21CrossRef Delorme A, Makeig S (2004) EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J of Neurosci Methods 134(1):9–21CrossRef
69.
go back to reference Piaget J, Inhelder B (1969) The psychology of the child. Basic Books, New York Piaget J, Inhelder B (1969) The psychology of the child. Basic Books, New York
70.
go back to reference Piaget J, Inhelder B, Fraise P, Piaget J (1969) Intellectual operations and their development. P. Fraisse & J. Piaget 144–205. Piaget J, Inhelder B, Fraise P, Piaget J (1969) Intellectual operations and their development. P. Fraisse & J. Piaget 144–205.
71.
go back to reference Gesell A, Ames LB, Ilg FL (1974) Infant and the child in the culture today. Harper & Row, New York Gesell A, Ames LB, Ilg FL (1974) Infant and the child in the culture today. Harper & Row, New York
73.
go back to reference Rassin E, Merckelbach H, Muris P, Stapert S (1999) Suppression and ritualistic behavior in normal participants. Br J Clin Psychol 38:195–201PubMedCrossRef Rassin E, Merckelbach H, Muris P, Stapert S (1999) Suppression and ritualistic behavior in normal participants. Br J Clin Psychol 38:195–201PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Poznanski EO, Mokros HB (1996) Children’s depression rating scale, revised (CDRS-R). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles Poznanski EO, Mokros HB (1996) Children’s depression rating scale, revised (CDRS-R). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles
75.
go back to reference Boyer P, Lyenard P (2006) Why ritualized behavior? Precaution systems and action parsing in developmental, pathological, and cultural rituals. Behav Brain Sci 29(6):595–613PubMedCrossRef Boyer P, Lyenard P (2006) Why ritualized behavior? Precaution systems and action parsing in developmental, pathological, and cultural rituals. Behav Brain Sci 29(6):595–613PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference De Caluwe E, Vergauwe J, Decupyer M, Bogaerts S, Rettew DC, De Clercq B (2020) The relation between normative rituals/rutines and obsessive-cimpulsive symptoms at a younge age: a systematic review. Dev Rev 2020(56):100913CrossRef De Caluwe E, Vergauwe J, Decupyer M, Bogaerts S, Rettew DC, De Clercq B (2020) The relation between normative rituals/rutines and obsessive-cimpulsive symptoms at a younge age: a systematic review. Dev Rev 2020(56):100913CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Leonard H, Lenane M, Cheslow D (1989) Obsessive- compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. clinical phenomenology of 70 consecutive cases. Arch Gen Psych 46(4):335–341CrossRef Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Leonard H, Lenane M, Cheslow D (1989) Obsessive- compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. clinical phenomenology of 70 consecutive cases. Arch Gen Psych 46(4):335–341CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Geller DA, March J, Walter HJ, Bukstein OG, Benson RS, Chrisman A et al (2012) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(1):98–113CrossRef Geller DA, March J, Walter HJ, Bukstein OG, Benson RS, Chrisman A et al (2012) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych 51(1):98–113CrossRef
81.
go back to reference Guyer AE, Masten CL, Pine DS (2013) Neurobiology of pediatric anxiety disorders. In: Vasa RA, Roy AK (eds) Pedi anxiety disorders. Humana Press, New York, pp 23–46CrossRef Guyer AE, Masten CL, Pine DS (2013) Neurobiology of pediatric anxiety disorders. In: Vasa RA, Roy AK (eds) Pedi anxiety disorders. Humana Press, New York, pp 23–46CrossRef
82.
go back to reference Fox E, Russo R, Bowles R, Dutton K (2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? J of Exp Psychol: Gen 130(4):681CrossRef Fox E, Russo R, Bowles R, Dutton K (2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? J of Exp Psychol: Gen 130(4):681CrossRef
83.
go back to reference Muris P, Merckelbach H, Clavan M (1997) Abnormal and normal compulsions. Behav Res Ther 35(3):249–252PubMedCrossRef Muris P, Merckelbach H, Clavan M (1997) Abnormal and normal compulsions. Behav Res Ther 35(3):249–252PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Early Behavioral Markers of Anxiety and Reduced Frontal Brain Alpha May Predict High Risk for Bullying Victimization
Auteurs
Isabel Solis
Loretta Serna
Julia M. Stephen
Kristina T. R. Ciesielski
Publicatiedatum
26-06-2022
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01372-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2024

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2024 Naar de uitgave