Skip to main content
Top

2023 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

7. De rol van kwaliteitsindicatoren

Auteurs : Dr. Jozé Braspenning, Prof. dr. Rosella Hermens, Prof. dr. Richard Grol

Gepubliceerd in: Implementatie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Om de feitelijke zorgverlening goed in kaart te brengen, zijn indicatoren nodig. Dit zijn meetgrootheden, die vaak de vorm van een proportie hebben. De noemer van een indicator beschrijft meestal de omvang van de doelgroep waarover een uitspraak wordt gedaan. In de teller wordt het aantal correcte of gewenste handelingen in deze doelgroep beschreven. Indicatoren kunnen de structuur, de processen (klinische en interpersoonlijke handelingen) of de uitkomsten van de zorg betreffen. Om tot valide indicatoren te komen moet systematische methoden worden toegepast. Voor het verzamelen van gegevens worden vaak patiëntdossiers of patiëntvragenlijsten gebruikt. Idealiter bestaat een systeem voor het continue meten van aspecten van kwaliteit van zorg, dat de basis is voor feedback aan zorgverleners en andere implementatiestrategieën.
Literatuur
go back to reference Alhusein N, Watson MC. Quality indicators and community pharmacy services: a scoping review. Int J Pharm Pract. 2019;27(6):490–500.CrossRef Alhusein N, Watson MC. Quality indicators and community pharmacy services: a scoping review. Int J Pharm Pract. 2019;27(6):490–500.CrossRef
go back to reference Angoff WA. Educational Measurement. Washington DC: American Council on Education; 1971. Angoff WA. Educational Measurement. Washington DC: American Council on Education; 1971.
go back to reference Appleby J. Patient reported outcome measures: how are we feeling today? BMJ. 2011;343: d8191.CrossRef Appleby J. Patient reported outcome measures: how are we feeling today? BMJ. 2011;343: d8191.CrossRef
go back to reference Assada Y, Abel H, Skedgel C, Warner G. On effective graphic communication of health inequality: considerations for health policy researchers. Milbank Q. 2017;95:801–35.CrossRef Assada Y, Abel H, Skedgel C, Warner G. On effective graphic communication of health inequality: considerations for health policy researchers. Milbank Q. 2017;95:801–35.CrossRef
go back to reference Bilimoria KY. Facilitating quality improvement. Pushing the pendum back toward process measures. JAMA. 2015;314(13):1333–4. Bilimoria KY. Facilitating quality improvement. Pushing the pendum back toward process measures. JAMA. 2015;314(13):1333–4.
go back to reference Bradley EH, Holmboe ES, Mattera JA, et al. Data feedback efforts in quality improvement: lessons learned from US hospitals. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13:26–31.CrossRef Bradley EH, Holmboe ES, Mattera JA, et al. Data feedback efforts in quality improvement: lessons learned from US hospitals. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13:26–31.CrossRef
go back to reference Braspenning JCC, Pijnenborg L, Veld CJ in ’t, Grol RPTM, redactie. Werken aan kwaliteit in de huisartsenpraktijk. Indicatoren gebaseerd op de NHG-Standaarden. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum; 2005. Braspenning JCC, Pijnenborg L, Veld CJ in ’t, Grol RPTM, redactie. Werken aan kwaliteit in de huisartsenpraktijk. Indicatoren gebaseerd op de NHG-Standaarden. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum; 2005.
go back to reference Brook RH, McGlynn EA, Shekelle PG. Defining and measuring quality of care: a perspective from US researchers. Int J Qual Health Care. 2000;12(4):281–95.CrossRef Brook RH, McGlynn EA, Shekelle PG. Defining and measuring quality of care: a perspective from US researchers. Int J Qual Health Care. 2000;12(4):281–95.CrossRef
go back to reference Calsbeek H, Markhorst J, Voerman GE, Braspenning J. Case-mix adjustment of quality indicators for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of risk factors and their importance. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(2):e45-52. Calsbeek H, Markhorst J, Voerman GE, Braspenning J. Case-mix adjustment of quality indicators for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of risk factors and their importance. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(2):e45-52.
go back to reference Campbell SM, Roland MO, Buetow S. Defining quality of care. Soc Sci Med. 2000a;51:1611–25.CrossRef Campbell SM, Roland MO, Buetow S. Defining quality of care. Soc Sci Med. 2000a;51:1611–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell SM, Cantrill JA, Roberts D. Prescribing inidcators for UK general practice: Delphi consultation study. BMJ. 2000b;321:425–8.CrossRef Campbell SM, Cantrill JA, Roberts D. Prescribing inidcators for UK general practice: Delphi consultation study. BMJ. 2000b;321:425–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell SM, Braspenning J, Hutchinson A, Marshall M. Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11(4):358–64.CrossRef Campbell SM, Braspenning J, Hutchinson A, Marshall M. Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11(4):358–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell SM, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:368–78.CrossRef Campbell SM, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:368–78.CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell SM, Kontopantelis E, Hannon K, Burke M, Barber A, Lester H. Framework and indicator testing protocol for developing and piloting quality indicators for the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:85.CrossRef Campbell SM, Kontopantelis E, Hannon K, Burke M, Barber A, Lester H. Framework and indicator testing protocol for developing and piloting quality indicators for the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:85.CrossRef
go back to reference De Koning J, Smulders A, Klazinga N. Appraisal of indicators through research and evaluation (AIRE). Utrecht: CBO; 2007. De Koning J, Smulders A, Klazinga N. Appraisal of indicators through research and evaluation (AIRE). Utrecht: CBO; 2007.
go back to reference Donabedian A. Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring. Volume 1: The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment. Ann Arbor (MI): Health Administration Press; 1980. Donabedian A. Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring. Volume 1: The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment. Ann Arbor (MI): Health Administration Press; 1980.
go back to reference Doran T, Kontopantelis E, Valderas JM, Campbell S, Roland M, Sailsbury C, et al. Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. BMJ. 2011;342. Doran T, Kontopantelis E, Valderas JM, Campbell S, Roland M, Sailsbury C, et al. Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. BMJ. 2011;342.
go back to reference Eddy DM. Performance measurement: problems and solutions. Health Aff. 1998;17:7–26.CrossRef Eddy DM. Performance measurement: problems and solutions. Health Aff. 1998;17:7–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Edgman-Levitan S, Dale Shaller PA, McInnes K, et al. The CAPHS® improvement guide practical strategies for improving the patient care experience. Boston: Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School; 2003. Edgman-Levitan S, Dale Shaller PA, McInnes K, et al. The CAPHS® improvement guide practical strategies for improving the patient care experience. Boston: Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School; 2003.
go back to reference Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aguilar M, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness method User’s manual. Santa Monica: Rand Distribution Services; 2003. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aguilar M, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness method User’s manual. Santa Monica: Rand Distribution Services; 2003.
go back to reference Hearnshaw HM, Harker RM, Cheater FM, et al. Expert consensus on the desirable characteristics of review criteria for improvement of health quality. Qual Health Care. 2001;10:173–8.CrossRef Hearnshaw HM, Harker RM, Cheater FM, et al. Expert consensus on the desirable characteristics of review criteria for improvement of health quality. Qual Health Care. 2001;10:173–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Hellfritz M, Waschkau A, Steinhäuser J. Quality indicators of telemedical care offshore-a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1290.CrossRef Hellfritz M, Waschkau A, Steinhäuser J. Quality indicators of telemedical care offshore-a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1290.CrossRef
go back to reference Hermens RPMG, Ouwens MMTJ, Vonk-Okhuijsen SY, et al. Development of quality indicators for diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a First step toward implementing a multidisciplinary evidence-based guideline. Lung Cancer. 2006;54:117–24.CrossRef Hermens RPMG, Ouwens MMTJ, Vonk-Okhuijsen SY, et al. Development of quality indicators for diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a First step toward implementing a multidisciplinary evidence-based guideline. Lung Cancer. 2006;54:117–24.CrossRef
go back to reference Iezzoni LI. Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes. Ann Arbor (MI): AcademyHealth/HAP; 2003. Iezzoni LI. Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes. Ann Arbor (MI): AcademyHealth/HAP; 2003.
go back to reference Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, Young JM, Odgaard-Jensen J, French SD et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane database systematic reviews 2012;6:CD000259. Ivers N, Jamtvedt G, Flottorp S, Young JM, Odgaard-Jensen J, French SD et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane database systematic reviews 2012;6:CD000259.
go back to reference Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2):CD000259. Jamtvedt G, Young JM, Kristoffersen DT, et al. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2):CD000259.
go back to reference Jarman B, Pieter D, Van der Veen AA, et al. The hospital standardised mortality ratio: a powerful tool for Dutch hospitals to assess their quality of care? Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19:9–13.CrossRef Jarman B, Pieter D, Van der Veen AA, et al. The hospital standardised mortality ratio: a powerful tool for Dutch hospitals to assess their quality of care? Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19:9–13.CrossRef
go back to reference Jelovsek JE, Walters MD, Korn A, et al. Establishing cutoff scores on assessments of surgical skills to determine surgical competence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(1):81.e1-6.CrossRef Jelovsek JE, Walters MD, Korn A, et al. Establishing cutoff scores on assessments of surgical skills to determine surgical competence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(1):81.e1-6.CrossRef
go back to reference Kirschner K, Braspenning J, Jacobs A, Grol R. Assessment of a pay-for-performance program in primary care designed by target users. Fam Pract. 2013;30(2):161–71.CrossRef Kirschner K, Braspenning J, Jacobs A, Grol R. Assessment of a pay-for-performance program in primary care designed by target users. Fam Pract. 2013;30(2):161–71.CrossRef
go back to reference Kötter T, Blozik E, Scherer M. Methods for the guideline-based development of quality indicators – a systematic review. Implement Sci. 2012;7:21.CrossRef Kötter T, Blozik E, Scherer M. Methods for the guideline-based development of quality indicators – a systematic review. Implement Sci. 2012;7:21.CrossRef
go back to reference Krueger RA. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 1988. Krueger RA. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 1988.
go back to reference Langendam MW, Piggott T, Nothacker M. et al. Approaches of integrating the development of guidelines and quality indicators: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:875. Langendam MW, Piggott T, Nothacker M. et al. Approaches of integrating the development of guidelines and quality indicators: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:875.
go back to reference Lawrence M, Olesen F, et al. Indicators of quality in health care. Eur J Gen Pract. 1997;3:103–8.CrossRef Lawrence M, Olesen F, et al. Indicators of quality in health care. Eur J Gen Pract. 1997;3:103–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Lester H, Hannon K, Campbell S. Identifying unintended consequences of quality indicators: a qualitative study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20(12):1057–61.CrossRef Lester H, Hannon K, Campbell S. Identifying unintended consequences of quality indicators: a qualitative study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20(12):1057–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Mant J. Process versus outcome indicators in the assessment of quality of healthcare. Int J Qual Health Care. 2001;13(6):475–80.CrossRef Mant J. Process versus outcome indicators in the assessment of quality of healthcare. Int J Qual Health Care. 2001;13(6):475–80.CrossRef
go back to reference Markhorst J, Martirosyan L, Calsbeek H, Braspenning J. Different stakeholder preferences for public quality information on diabetes care: a qualitative study. Qual Prim Care. 2012;20(4):253–61. Markhorst J, Martirosyan L, Calsbeek H, Braspenning J. Different stakeholder preferences for public quality information on diabetes care: a qualitative study. Qual Prim Care. 2012;20(4):253–61.
go back to reference Martirosyan L, Markhorst J, Denig P, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Braspenning J. A pilot qualitative study to explore stakeholder opinions regarding prescribing quality indicators. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):191.CrossRef Martirosyan L, Markhorst J, Denig P, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Braspenning J. A pilot qualitative study to explore stakeholder opinions regarding prescribing quality indicators. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):191.CrossRef
go back to reference McGlynn EA, Ash SM, Adams J, et al. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2635–45.CrossRef McGlynn EA, Ash SM, Adams J, et al. The quality of health care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2635–45.CrossRef
go back to reference Meyer GS, Nelson EC, Pryor DB, et al. More quality measures versus measuring what matters: a call for balance and parsimony. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21:964–8.CrossRef Meyer GS, Nelson EC, Pryor DB, et al. More quality measures versus measuring what matters: a call for balance and parsimony. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21:964–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit, NZa. Contractering gepast gebruik, Utrecht; 2017. Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit, NZa. Contractering gepast gebruik, Utrecht; 2017.
go back to reference Nicholl J. Case-mix adjustment in non-randomised observational evaluations: the constant risk fallacy. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:1010–3.CrossRef Nicholl J. Case-mix adjustment in non-randomised observational evaluations: the constant risk fallacy. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:1010–3.CrossRef
go back to reference Nothacker M. Stokes T, Shaw B, Lindsay P, Sipilä R, Follmann M, Kopp I on behalf of the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N) Performance measures working group. Reporting standards for guideline-based performance measures. Implement Sci. 2016;11:6. Nothacker M. Stokes T, Shaw B, Lindsay P, Sipilä R, Follmann M, Kopp I on behalf of the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N) Performance measures working group. Reporting standards for guideline-based performance measures. Implement Sci. 2016;11:6.
go back to reference Normand SLT, McNeil BJ, Peterson LE, et al. Eliciting expert opinion using Delphi technique: identifying performance indicators for cardiovascular disease. Int J Qual Health Care. 1998;10(3):247–60.CrossRef Normand SLT, McNeil BJ, Peterson LE, et al. Eliciting expert opinion using Delphi technique: identifying performance indicators for cardiovascular disease. Int J Qual Health Care. 1998;10(3):247–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Nouwens E, Van Lieshout J, Adang E, Bouma M, Braspenning J, Wensing M. Effectiveness of improvement plans in primary care practice accreditation: a clustered randomized trial. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12): e114045.CrossRef Nouwens E, Van Lieshout J, Adang E, Bouma M, Braspenning J, Wensing M. Effectiveness of improvement plans in primary care practice accreditation: a clustered randomized trial. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12): e114045.CrossRef
go back to reference Palmer RH. Process-based measures of quality: the need for detailed clinical data in large health care databases. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:733–8.CrossRef Palmer RH. Process-based measures of quality: the need for detailed clinical data in large health care databases. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:733–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Pawson LG, Scholle SH, Powers A. Comparison of administrative-only versus administrative plus chart review data for reporting HEDIS hybrid measures. Am J Manag Care. 2007;3:553–8. Pawson LG, Scholle SH, Powers A. Comparison of administrative-only versus administrative plus chart review data for reporting HEDIS hybrid measures. Am J Manag Care. 2007;3:553–8.
go back to reference Porter ME. What is value in health care? N Engl J Med. 2010;363(26):2477–81.CrossRef Porter ME. What is value in health care? N Engl J Med. 2010;363(26):2477–81.CrossRef
go back to reference Powell AE, Davies HTO, Thomson RG. Using routine comparative data to assess the quality of health care: understanding and avoiding common pitfalls. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12:122–8.CrossRef Powell AE, Davies HTO, Thomson RG. Using routine comparative data to assess the quality of health care: understanding and avoiding common pitfalls. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12:122–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Raad voor Volksgezondheid en Samenleving. Zonder context geen bewijs. Den Haag, juni 2017. Raad voor Volksgezondheid en Samenleving. Zonder context geen bewijs. Den Haag, juni 2017.
go back to reference Scholte M, Neeleman-van der Stehen CWM, Hendriks EHM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Braspenning J. Evaluating quality indicators for physical therapy in primary care, Int J Qual Health Care..2014;26(3):261–70. Scholte M, Neeleman-van der Stehen CWM, Hendriks EHM, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Braspenning J. Evaluating quality indicators for physical therapy in primary care, Int J Qual Health Care..2014;26(3):261–70.
go back to reference Solberg LI, Moser G. McDonald S. The three faces of performance measurement: Improvement, accountability and research. Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1997;23:135–47. Solberg LI, Moser G. McDonald S. The three faces of performance measurement: Improvement, accountability and research. Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1997;23:135–47.
go back to reference Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 2008.CrossRef Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 2008.CrossRef
go back to reference Sutherland K, Christianson JB, Leatherman S. Impact of targeted financial incentives on personal health behavior: a review of the literature. Med Care Res Rev. 2008;65(6 Suppl):36S-78S.CrossRef Sutherland K, Christianson JB, Leatherman S. Impact of targeted financial incentives on personal health behavior: a review of the literature. Med Care Res Rev. 2008;65(6 Suppl):36S-78S.CrossRef
go back to reference Szecsenyi J, Campbell S, Broge B, Laux G, Willms S, Wensing M, Goetz K. Effectiveness of a quality-improvement program in improving quality of primary care practices. CMAJ. 2011;183:E1326–33.CrossRef Szecsenyi J, Campbell S, Broge B, Laux G, Willms S, Wensing M, Goetz K. Effectiveness of a quality-improvement program in improving quality of primary care practices. CMAJ. 2011;183:E1326–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Tacken M, Jansen B, Mulder J, Campbell S, Braspenning J. Dutch influenza vaccination rate drops for fifth consecutive year. Vaccine. 2015;33(38):4886–91.CrossRef Tacken M, Jansen B, Mulder J, Campbell S, Braspenning J. Dutch influenza vaccination rate drops for fifth consecutive year. Vaccine. 2015;33(38):4886–91.CrossRef
go back to reference Ten Tije FA, Pauw RJ, Braspenning JC, Hemler RJB, Ter Schiphorst AJ, Hensen EF, Van der Putten L, Kramer SE, Merkus P. Uniform registration agreements on cholesteatoma care: a nationwide consensus procedure. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(8):1094–101.CrossRef Ten Tije FA, Pauw RJ, Braspenning JC, Hemler RJB, Ter Schiphorst AJ, Hensen EF, Van der Putten L, Kramer SE, Merkus P. Uniform registration agreements on cholesteatoma care: a nationwide consensus procedure. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(8):1094–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Tsakitzidis G, Van Royen P. Leren interprofessioneel samenwerken in de gezondheidszorg. Antwerpen: Standaard Uitgeverij; 2012. Tsakitzidis G, Van Royen P. Leren interprofessioneel samenwerken in de gezondheidszorg. Antwerpen: Standaard Uitgeverij; 2012.
go back to reference Van der Wees PJ, Verkerk EW, Verbiest MEA, et al. Development of a framework with tools to support the selection and implementation of patient-reported outcome measures. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2019;3(1):75.CrossRef Van der Wees PJ, Verkerk EW, Verbiest MEA, et al. Development of a framework with tools to support the selection and implementation of patient-reported outcome measures. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2019;3(1):75.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Doorn-Klomberg A, Braspenning J, Wolters R, Bouma M, Wensing M. Effect of accreditation on the quality of chronic disease management: a comparative observational study. BMC Fam Pract. 2014;15(1):179.CrossRef Van Doorn-Klomberg A, Braspenning J, Wolters R, Bouma M, Wensing M. Effect of accreditation on the quality of chronic disease management: a comparative observational study. BMC Fam Pract. 2014;15(1):179.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Overveld LFJ, Takes RP, Vijn TW, et al. Feedback preferences of patients, professionals and health insurers in integrated head and neck cancer care. Health Expect. 2017;20:1275–88.CrossRef Van Overveld LFJ, Takes RP, Vijn TW, et al. Feedback preferences of patients, professionals and health insurers in integrated head and neck cancer care. Health Expect. 2017;20:1275–88.CrossRef
go back to reference Vingerhoets E, Wensing M, Grol R. Feedback of patients’ evaluations of general practice care: a randomised trial. Qual Health Care. 2001;10:224–8.CrossRef Vingerhoets E, Wensing M, Grol R. Feedback of patients’ evaluations of general practice care: a randomised trial. Qual Health Care. 2001;10:224–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Witmer H, Bouma M, Braspenning J, et al. NHG-Praktijkaccreditering; Een nieuwe stap in de ontwikkeling van het kwaliteitsbeleid in de huisartsenpraktijk. Utrecht/Nijmegen: NHG/WOK, maart; 2005. Witmer H, Bouma M, Braspenning J, et al. NHG-Praktijkaccreditering; Een nieuwe stap in de ontwikkeling van het kwaliteitsbeleid in de huisartsenpraktijk. Utrecht/Nijmegen: NHG/WOK, maart; 2005.
go back to reference World Health Organization, WHO, Regional Committee for Europe. Strengthening people-centred health systems in the WHO European Region: framework for action on integrated health services delivery. Copenhagen, Denmark, 12–15 September 2016. World Health Organization, WHO, Regional Committee for Europe. Strengthening people-centred health systems in the WHO European Region: framework for action on integrated health services delivery. Copenhagen, Denmark, 12–15 September 2016.
Metagegevens
Titel
De rol van kwaliteitsindicatoren
Auteurs
Dr. Jozé Braspenning
Prof. dr. Rosella Hermens
Prof. dr. Richard Grol
Copyright
2023
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2909-0_7