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17-04-2017 | Original Article

Biases in the production and reception of collective knowledge: the case of hindsight bias in Wikipedia

Auteurs: Aileen Oeberst, Ina von der Beck, Mitja D. Back, Ulrike Cress, Steffen Nestler

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 5/2018

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Abstract

The Web 2.0 enabled collaboration at an unprecedented level. In one of the flagships of mass collaboration—Wikipedia—a large number of authors socially negotiate the world’s largest compendium of knowledge. Several guidelines in Wikipedia restrict contributions to verifiable information from reliable sources to ensure recognized knowledge. Much psychological research demonstrates, however, that individual information processing is biased. This poses the question whether individual biases translate to Wikipedia articles or whether they are prevented by its guidelines. The present research makes use of hindsight bias to examine this question. To this end, we analyzed foresight and hindsight versions of Wikipedia articles regarding a broad variety of events (Study 1). We found the majority of articles not to contain traces of hindsight bias—contrary to prior individual research. However, for a particular category of events—disasters—we found robust evidence for hindsight bias. In a lab experiment (Study 2), we then examined whether individuals’ hindsight bias is translated into articles under controlled conditions and tested whether collaborative writing—as present in Wikipedia—affects the resultant bias (vs. individual writing). Finally, we investigated the impact of biased Wikipedia articles on readers (Study 3). As predicted, biased articles elicited a hindsight bias in readers, who had not known of the event previously. Moreover, biased articles also affected individuals who knew about the event already, and who had already developed a hindsight bias: biased articles further increased their hindsight.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Biases in the production and reception of collective knowledge: the case of hindsight bias in Wikipedia
Auteurs
Aileen Oeberst
Ina von der Beck
Mitja D. Back
Ulrike Cress
Steffen Nestler
Publicatiedatum
17-04-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0865-7