Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

20-11-2021 | Original Paper

Altered Metabolic Characteristics in Plasma of Young Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Auteurs: Lei Wang, Ruixuan Zheng, Ying Xu, Ziyun Zhou, Ping Guan, Yanling Wu, Jian Zhou, Zaohuo Cheng, Lili Zhang

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 11/2022

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder with no clinical biomarker. This study used untargeted metabolomic analysis to identify metabolic characteristics in plasma that can distinguish ASD children. 29 boys with ASD (3.02 ± 0.67 years) and 30 typically developing (TD) boys (3.13 ± 0.46 years) were recruited. Developmental and behavioral assessments were conducted in ASD group. Samples of plasma were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The association between metabolite concentration and scale score was assessed by Spearman rank correlation. Altered metabolic characteristics were found in boys with ASD. In Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, ornithine had the highest AUC (Area under ROC) value. Furthermore, the concentration of choline and ornithine was negatively correlated with ABC-language score in ASD group.

vorige artikel Participation According to Clinicians Working with Young Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Long Way to Go

volgende artikel Family Impact During the Time Between Autism Screening and Definitive Diagnosis

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Bai, D., Yip, B. H. K., Windham, G. C., Sourander, A., Francis, R., Yoffe, R., Glasson, E., Mahjani, B., Suominen, A., Leonard, H., Gissler, M., Buxbaum, J. D., Wong, K., Schendel, D., Kodesh, A., Breshnahan, M., Levine, S. Z., Parner, E. T., Hansen, S. N., & Sandin, S. (2019). Association of genetic and environmental factors with autism in a 5-country cohort. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(10), 1035–1043. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bala, K. A., Doğan, M., Mutluer, T., Kaba, S., Aslan, O., Balahoroğlu, R., Çokluk, E., Üstyol, L., & Kocaman, S. (2016). Plasma amino acid profile in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 20(5), 923–929.PubMed

Barton, K. S., Tabor, H. K., Starks, H., Garrison, N. A., Laurino, M., & Burke, W. (2018). Pathways from autism spectrum disorder diagnosis to genetic testing. Genetics in Medicine, 20(7), 737–744. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.166CrossRefPubMed

Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (methodological), 57(1), 289–300.CrossRef

Bjorklund, G., Saad, K., Chirumbolo, S., Kern, J. K., Geier, D. A., Geier, M. R., & Urbina, M. A. (2016). Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis (wars), 76(4), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.21307/ane-2017-025CrossRef

Bugajska, J., Berska, J., Wojtyto, T., Bik-Multanowski, M., & Sztefko, K. (2017). The amino acid profile in blood plasma of young boys with autism. Psychiatria Polska, 51(2), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.12740/pp/65046CrossRefPubMed

Carlson, S. E., & Colombo, J. (2016). Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid nutrition in early development. Advances in Pediatrics, 63(1), 453–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2016.04.011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Colombo, J., Jill Shaddy, D., Kerling, E. H., Gustafson, K. M., & Carlson, S. E. (2017). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) balance in developmental outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 121, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2017.05.005CrossRefPubMed

Dawson, G., Rogers, S., Munson, J., Smith, M., Winter, J., Greenson, J., Donaldson, A., & Varley, J. (2010). Randomized, controlled trial of an intervention for toddlers with autism: The early start Denver model. Pediatrics, 125(1), e17-23. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0958CrossRefPubMed

de Souza, C. O., Vannice, G. K., Rosa Neto, J. C., & Calder, P. C. (2018). Is palmitoleic acid a plausible nonpharmacological strategy to prevent or control chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders? Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(1), 1700504. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700504CrossRef

Del Olmo, A., Calzada, J., & Nuñez, M. (2017). Benzoic acid and its derivatives as naturally occurring compounds in foods and as additives: Uses, exposure, and controversy. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(14), 3084–3103. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1087964CrossRefPubMed

Diémé, B., Mavel, S., Blasco, H., Tripi, G., Bonnet-Brilhault, F., Malvy, J., Bocca, C., Andres, C. R., Nadal-Desbarats, L., & Emond, P. (2015). Metabolomics study of urine in autism spectrum disorders using a multiplatform analytical methodology. Journal of Proteome Research, 14(12), 5273–5282. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00699CrossRefPubMed

El-Ansary, A., Bjørklund, G., Chirumbolo, S., & Alnakhli, O. M. (2017). Predictive value of selected biomarkers related to metabolism and oxidative stress in children with autism spectrum disorder. Metabolic Brain Disease, 32(4), 1209–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0029-xCrossRefPubMed

El-Rashidy, O., El-Baz, F., El-Gendy, Y., Khalaf, R., Reda, D., & Saad, K. (2017). Ketogenic diet versus gluten free casein free diet in autistic children: A case-control study. Metabolic Brain Disease, 32(6), 1935–1941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0088-zCrossRefPubMed

Gabis, L. V., Ben-Hur, R., Shefer, S., Jokel, A., & Shalom, D. B. (2019). Improvement of language in children with autism with combined donepezil and choline treatment. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 69(2), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-019-01351-7CrossRefPubMed

Gerhant, A., Olajossy, M., & Olajossy-Hilkesberger, L. (2013). Neuroanatomical, genetic and neurochemical aspects of infantile autism. Psychiatria Polska, 47(6), 1101–1111.PubMed

Gorica, E., & Calderone, V. (2021). Arachidonic acid derivatives and neuroinflammation. CNS & Neurological Disorders: Drug Targets. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527320666210208130412CrossRef

Grayaa, S., Zerbinati, C., Messedi, M., HadjKacem, I., Chtourou, M., Ben Touhemi, D., Naifar, M., Ayadi, H., Ayedi, F., & Iuliano, L. (2018). Plasma oxysterol profiling in children reveals 24-hydroxycholesterol as a potential marker for autism spectrum disorders. Biochimie, 153, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.026CrossRefPubMed

Grimaldi, R., Gibson, G. R., Vulevic, J., Giallourou, N., Castro-Mejía, J. L., Hansen, L. H., Leigh Gibson, E., Nielsen, D. S., & Constabile, A. (2018). A prebiotic intervention study in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Microbiome, 6(1), 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0523-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hamlin, J. C., Pauly, M., Melnyk, S., Pavliv, O., Starrett, W., Crook, T. A., & Jill James, S. (2013). Dietary intake and plasma levels of choline and betaine in children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research and Treatment, 2013, 578429. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/578429CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hösl, J., Gessner, A., & El-Najjar, N. (2018). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, caspofungin, and isavuconazole in human plasma. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 157, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.015CrossRefPubMed

Hughes, H. K., Rose, D., & Ashwood, P. (2018). The gut microbiota and dysbiosis in autism spectrum disorders. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 18(11), 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0887-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Innes, J. K., & Calder, P. C. (2018). Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 132, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004CrossRefPubMed

Jara-Gutiérrez, Á., & Baladrón, V. (2021). The role of prostaglandins in different types of cancer. Cells, 10(6), 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061487CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jiang, Y. H., Yuen, R. K., Jin, X., Wang, M., Chen, N., Wu, X., et al. (2013). Detection of clinically relevant genetic variants in autism spectrum disorder by whole-genome sequencing. American Journal of Human Genetics, 93(2), 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.012CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kanehisa, M., Araki, M., Goto, S., Hattori, M., Hirakawa, M., Itoh, M., Ju, J., Mei, J., Shi, Y., He, M., Wang, G., Liang, J., Wang, Z., Cao, D., Carter, M. T., Chrysler, C., Drmic, I. E., Howe, J. L., Lau, L., & Scherer, S. W. (2008). KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(Database issue), D480-484. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm882CrossRefPubMed

Kang, D. W., Ilhan, Z. E., Isern, N. G., Hoyt, D. W., Howsmon, D. P., Shaffer, M., Lozupone, C. A., Hahn, J., Adams, J. B., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2018). Differences in fecal microbial metabolites and microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorders. Anaerobe, 49, 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.12.007CrossRefPubMed

Khemakhem, A. M., Frye, R. E., El-Ansary, A., Al-Ayadhi, L., & Bacha, A. B. (2017). Novel biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction is autism spectrum disorder: Potential for biological diagnostic markers. Metabolic Brain Disease, 32(6), 1983–1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0085-2CrossRefPubMed

Kluge, H., Broz, J., & Eder, K. (2006). Effect of benzoic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, gastrointestinal microflora and parameters of microbial metabolism in piglets. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (berlin), 90(7–8), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00604.xCrossRef

Kobayashi, K., Omori, K., & Murata, T. (2018). Role of prostaglandins in tumor microenvironment. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 37(2–3), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-018-9740-2CrossRefPubMed

Laue, H. E., Korrick, S. A., Baker, E. R., Karagas, M. R., & Madan, J. C. (2020). Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years. Science and Reports, 10(1), 15515. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72386-9CrossRef

Lee, R. W. Y., Corley, M. J., Pang, A., Arakaki, G., Abbott, L., Nishimoto, M., Miyamoto, R., Lee, E., Yamamoto, S., Maunakea, A. K., Lum-Jones, A., & Wong, M. (2018). A modified ketogenic gluten-free diet with MCT improves behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Physiology & Behavior, 188, 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.006CrossRef

Leermakers, E. T., Moreira, E. M., Kiefte-de Jong, J. C., Darweesh, S. K., Visser, T., Voortman, T., Bautista, P. K., Chowdhury, R., Gorman, D., Bramer, W. M., Felix, J. F., & Franco, O. H. (2015). Effects of choline on health across the life course: A systematic review. Nutrition Reviews, 73(8), 500–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv010CrossRefPubMed

Li, C., Shen, K., Chu, L., Liu, P., Song, Y., & Kang, X. (2018). Decreased levels of urinary free amino acids in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 54, 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.05.001CrossRefPubMed

Lord, C., Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet, 392(10146), 508–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31129-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lussu, M., Noto, A., Masili, A., Rinaldi, A. C., Dessì, A., De Angelis, M., De Giacomo, A., Fanos, V., Atzori, L., & Francavilla, R. (2017). The urinary (1) H-NMR metabolomics profile of an Italian autistic children population and their unaffected siblings. Autism Research, 10(6), 1058–1066. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1748CrossRefPubMed

Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D. L., Wiggins, L. D., Pettygrove, S., Andrews, J. G., Lopez, M., Hudson, A., Baroud, T., Schwenk, Y., White, T., RobinsonRosenberg, C., Lee, L.-C., Harrington, R. A., Huston, M., & Dietz, P. M. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1CrossRefPubMedCentral

Mao, X., Yang, Q., Chen, D., Yu, B., & He, J. (2019). Benzoic acid used as food and feed additives can regulate gut functions. BioMed Research International, 2019, 5721585. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5721585CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Matsumoto, S., Häberle, J., Kido, J., Mitsubuchi, H., Endo, F., & Nakamura, K. (2019). Urea cycle disorders-update. Journal of Human Genetics, 64(9), 833–847. https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-019-0614-4CrossRefPubMed

Needham, B. D., Adame, M. D., Serena, G., Rose, D. R., Preston, G. M., Conrad, M. C., Stewart Campbell, A., Donabedian, D. H., Fasano, A., Ashwood, P., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2021). Plasma and fecal metabolite profiles in autism spectrum disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 89(5), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.025CrossRefPubMed

Parletta, N., Niyonsenga, T., & Duff, J. (2016). Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and correlations with symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic spectrum disorder and typically developing controls. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0156432. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156432CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Passos, M. E., Alves, H. H., Momesso, C. M., Faria, F. G., Murata, G., Cury-Boaventura, M. F., Hatanaka, E., Massao-Hirabara, S., & Gorjão, R. (2016). Differential effects of palmitoleic acid on human lymphocyte proliferation and function. Lipids in Health and Disease, 15(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-016-0385-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Qasem, H., Al-Ayadhi, L., Bjørklund, G., Chirumbolo, S., & El-Ansary, A. (2018). Impaired lipid metabolism markers to assess the risk of neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder. Metabolic Brain Disease, 33(4), 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-018-0206-6CrossRefPubMed

Ronemus, M., Iossifov, I., Levy, D., & Wigler, M. (2014). The role of de novo mutations in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders. Nature Reviews Genetics, 15(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3585CrossRefPubMed

Rossi, M., El-Khechen, D., Black, M. H., Farwell Hagman, K. D., Tang, S., & Powis, Z. (2017). Outcomes of diagnostic exome sequencing in patients with diagnosed or suspected autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Neurology, 70, 34-43.e32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.033CrossRefPubMed

Sandin, S., Lichtenstein, P., Kuja-Halkola, R., Hultman, C., Larsson, H., & Reichenberg, A. (2017). The heritability of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA, 318(12), 1182–1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.12141CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schaefer, G. B., & Mendelsohn, N. J. (2013). Clinical genetics evaluation in identifying the etiology of autism spectrum disorders: 2013 guideline revisions. Genetics in Medicine, 15(5), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2013.32CrossRefPubMed

Shen, L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Feng, C., Gao, Y., Zhao, D., Xia, S., Hong, Q., Iqbal, J., Kun Liu, X., & Yao, F. (2019). Advances in biomarker studies in autism spectrum disorders. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1118, 207–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_11CrossRefPubMed

Siniscalco, D., Schultz, S., Brigida, A. L., & Antonucci, N. (2018). Inflammation and neuro-immune dysregulations in autism spectrum disorders. Pharmaceuticals (basel), 11(2), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11020056CrossRef

Smith, A. M., King, J. J., West, P. R., Ludwig, M. A., Donley, E. L. R., Burrier, R. E., & Amaral, D. G. (2019). Amino acid dysregulation metabotypes: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and individualized treatment for subtypes of autism spectrum disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 85(4), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.016CrossRefPubMed

Smith, A. M., Natowicz, M. R., Braas, D., Ludwig, M. A., Ney, D. M., Donley, E. L. R., Burrier, R. E., & Amaral, D. G. (2020). A metabolomics approach to screening for autism risk in the children’s autism metabolome project. Autism Research, 13(8), 1270–1285. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2330CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Srikantha, P., & Mohajeri, M. H. (2019). The possible role of the microbiota-gut-brain-axis in autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Molecular Science, 20(9), 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092115CrossRef

Szatmari, P., Chawarska, K., Dawson, G., Georgiades, S., Landa, R., Lord, C., Messinger, D. S., Thurm, A., & Halladay, A. (2016). Prospective longitudinal studies of infant siblings of children with autism: Lessons learned and future directions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(3), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.12.014CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tărlungeanu, D. C., Deliu, E., Dotter, C. P., Kara, M., Janiesch, P. C., Scalise, M., Galluccio, M., Tesulov, M., Morelli, E., MujganSonmez, F., Bilguvar, K., Ohgaki, R., Kanai, Y., Johansen, A., Esharif, S., Ben-Omran, T., Topcu, M., Schlessinger, A., Indiveri, C., & Novarino, G. (2016). Impaired amino acid transport at the blood brain barrier is a cause of autism spectrum disorder. Cell, 167(6), 1481-1494.e1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.013CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tick, B., Bolton, P., Happé, F., Rutter, M., & Rijsdijk, F. (2016). Heritability of autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of twin studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(5), 585–595. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12499CrossRefPubMed

Triebl, A., Trötzmüller, M., Hartler, J., Stojakovic, T., & Köfeler, H. C. (2017). Lipidomics by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and its application to complex biological samples. Journal of Chromatography. B Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1053, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.027CrossRefPubMed

Ueland, P. M. (2011). Choline and betaine in health and disease. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 34(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-010-9088-4CrossRefPubMed

Wang, H., Liang, S., Wang, M., Gao, J., Sun, C., Wang, J., Xia, W., Wu, S., Sumner, S. J., Zhang, F., Sun, C., & Wu, L. (2016). Potential serum biomarkers from a metabolomics study of autism. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 41(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.140009CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang, M., Wan, J., Rong, H., He, F., Wang, H., Zhou, J., Cai, C., Wang, Y., Xu, R., Yin, Z., & Zhou, W. (2019). Alterations in gut glutamate metabolism associated with changes in gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder. mSystems. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00321-18CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Warren, Z., McPheeters, M. L., Sathe, N., Foss-Feig, J. H., Glasser, A., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2011). A systematic review of early intensive intervention for autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 127(5), e1303-1311. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0426CrossRefPubMed

Wiedeman, A. M., Barr, S. I., Green, T. J., Xu, Z., Innis, S. M., & Kitts, D. D. (2018). Dietary choline intake: Current state of knowledge across the life cycle. Nutrients, 10(10), 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101513CrossRefPubMedCentral

Wortmann, S. B., & Mayr, J. A. (2019). Choline-related-inherited metabolic diseases-A mini review. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 42(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/jimd.12011CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yoo, H. (2015). Genetics of autism spectrum disorder: Current status and possible clinical applications. Exp Neurobiol, 24(4), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2015.24.4.257CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yui, K., Imataka, G., Kawasak, Y., & Yamada, H. (2016a). Increased ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid/arachidonic acid ratios and upregulation of signaling mediator in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Life Sciences, 145, 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.039CrossRefPubMed

Yui, K., Imataka, G., Kawasaki, Y., & Yamada, H. (2016b). Down-regulation of a signaling mediator in association with lowered plasma arachidonic acid levels in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Neuroscience Letters, 610, 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.006CrossRefPubMed

Yui, K., Koshiba, M., Nakamura, S., & Kobayashi, Y. (2012). Effects of large doses of arachidonic acid added to docosahexaenoic acid on social impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32(2), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182485791CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, A., Sun, H., Wang, P., Han, Y., & Wang, X. (2012). Modern analytical techniques in metabolomics analysis. The Analyst, 137(2), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1an15605eCrossRefPubMed

Zheng, H. F., Wang, W. Q., Li, X. M., Rauw, G., & Baker, G. B. (2017). Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: A review of the literature. Amino Acids, 49(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2332-yCrossRefPubMed

Zou, M., Li, D., Wang, L., Li, L., Xie, S., Liu, Y., Xia, W., Sun, C., & Wu, L. (2020). Identification of amino acid dysregulation as a potential biomarker for autism spectrum disorder in China. Neurotoxicity Research, 38(4), 992–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00242-9CrossRefPubMed

Zwaigenbaum, L., Bauman, M. L., Choueiri, R., Fein, D., Kasari, C., Pierce, K., Stone, W. L., Yirmiya, N., Estes, A., Hansen, R. L., McPartland, J. C., Natowicz, M. R., Buie, T., Carter, A., Davis, P. A., Granpeesheh, D., Mailloux, Z., Newschaffer, C., Robins, D., … Wetherby, A. (2015). Early identification and interventions for autism spectrum disorder: Executive summary. Pediatrics, 136(Suppl 1), S1-9. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3667BCrossRefPubMed

5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Titel: Altered Metabolic Characteristics in Plasma of Young Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Auteurs: Lei Wang
Ruixuan Zheng
Ying Xu
Ziyun Zhou
Ping Guan
Yanling Wu
Jian Zhou
Zaohuo Cheng
Lili Zhang
Publicatiedatum: 20-11-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 11/2022
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05364-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2022

Caring for Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Factors Associating with Health- and Care-Related Quality of Life of the Caregivers

Brief Report: Pregnancy, Birth and Infant Feeding Practices: A Survey-Based Investigation into Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Family Empowerment: Predicting Service Utilization for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Social Media and Cyber-Bullying in Autistic Adults

A Meta-Analysis of Autism and Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis is Too Premature. Comment on: Vaquerizo-Serrano, Salazar de Pablo, Singh & Santosh (2021)

Veritable Untruths: Autistic Traits and the Processing of Deception