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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

02-02-2023

Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth

Auteurs: Suzanne Estrada, Cortney Simmons, Arielle Baskin-Sommers

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2023

Abstract

Psychopathic traits are associated with several forms of antisociality, including criminal offending, legal system involvement, and substance use. Some research suggests that primary (high psychopathic traits, low negative emotions) versus secondary (high psychopathic traits, high negative emotions and/or negative experiences and environments) variants confer different levels of risk for antisociality. However, research has not examined trajectories of co-occurring fluctuations in psychopathic traits, negative emotions, and negative experiences and environments or how trajectory membership relates to antisociality. We implemented group-based multi-trajectory modeling in a sample of 809 justice-involved male (n = 681) and female (n = 128) youth from the Pathways to Desistance Study to address these gaps. We identified four trajectories of co-occurring change in psychopathic traits, anxiety, and violence exposure spanning three years: Low (low levels of each factor); Moderate Psychopathic Traits, High Negative Emotions and Experiences (moderate-decreasing psychopathic traits and high-decreasing anxiety/violence exposure); Potential Primary Psychopathic Traits (elevated-decreasing psychopathic traits, moderate-decreasing anxiety, moderate-stable violence exposure); and High/Secondary Psychopathic Traits (high-stable psychopathic traits, elevated-stable anxiety, high-decreasing violence exposure). Compared to the Low trajectory, all trajectories predicted greater violent crime and substance use three and four years later. Additionally, compared to the Low trajectory, the Potential Primary Psychopathic Traits trajectory predicted more nonviolent offending three years later. Finally, the High/Secondary Psychopathic Traits trajectory showed the most persistent antisociality, predicting more nonviolent crime, higher substance dependence symptoms, and higher likelihood of arrest three and four years later. Youth with co-occurring high psychopathic traits, anxiety, and violence exposure appear most at risk for severe antisociality.

vorige artikel Aging and Pubertal Development Differentially Predict Symptoms of ADHD, Depression, and Impairment in Children and Adolescents: An Eight-Year Longitudinal Study

volgende artikel Co-Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Distress and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: Associations with Self-Harm and Suicide Attempts

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We confirm that no other studies to date have performed the same analyses using the Pathways to Desistance dataset.

The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory was not administered at baseline, so baseline psychopathic traits were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL-YV; Forth et al., 2003). Scores range from 0–40, with higher scores indicating higher levels of psychopathic traits.

Although individuals are still able to engage in antisocial behavior while they reside in settings that limit access to the community (e.g., prison), opportunities for antisocial behavior may be less frequent. Robustness analyses that considered the proportion of time youth spent with community access were conducted. All relationships between trajectory membership(s) and outcomes assessed three and four years after the final timepoint included in trajectory analyses remained significant, except for the relationship between membership in trajectory 4 (High/Secondary Psychopathic Traits) and likelihood of arrest, which dropped to a p-value of 0.051.

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Titel: Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth
Auteurs: Suzanne Estrada
Cortney Simmons
Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Publicatiedatum: 02-02-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2023
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00989-z

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