Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 1/2018

28-08-2017 | Original Paper

Three-year Trajectories of Emotional Expressiveness among Maltreating Mothers: The Role of Life Changes

Auteurs: Helen M. Milojevich, Mary E. Haskett

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Parents are perhaps the most direct and profound influences on children’s development of emotional competence. For example, how and what emotions parents express in the family has implications for children’s ability to understand and regulate their emotions. What is less well understood is what potential environmental or contextual factors impact parents’ emotional expressiveness, particularly in high-risk samples prone to atypical emotional expressiveness (e.g., deficits in the production and recognition of emotional expressions). The present longitudinal study examined the association between life changes and parents’ expression of positive and negative emotions, as well as, how these associations changed over time in a sample of maltreating mothers. Eighty-eight mothers with a substantiated history of physical abuse completed measures of emotional expressiveness and life changes experienced over the past 6 months when their children were in preschool, kindergarten, and first grade. Results indicated that life changes decreased over time, while parental emotional expressiveness remained stable. Moreover, life changes were associated across time with the expression of negative emotions, but were unrelated to expressions of positive emotions. Findings have important implications for understanding emotional expressiveness in high-risk samples.
Literatuur
go back to reference Acevedo, M. C. (1993). Determinants of variations in parental affect socialization: Implications for the development of emotion regulation. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Unpublished master’s thesis. Acevedo, M. C. (1993). Determinants of variations in parental affect socialization: Implications for the development of emotion regulation. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University. Unpublished master’s thesis.
go back to reference Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: The role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198–212. doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0092-5.CrossRefPubMed Bariola, E., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: The role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198–212. doi:10.​1007/​s10567-011-0092-5.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bonanno, G., & Papa, A. (2003). The social and functional aspects of emotional expression during bereavement. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman & E. J. Coats (Eds.), Nonverbal behavior in clinical settings (pp. 145–170). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Bonanno, G., & Papa, A. (2003). The social and functional aspects of emotional expression during bereavement. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman & E. J. Coats (Eds.), Nonverbal behavior in clinical settings (pp. 145–170). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Bonanno, G. A., & Keltner, D. (1997). Facial expressions of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 126–137.CrossRefPubMed Bonanno, G. A., & Keltner, D. (1997). Facial expressions of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 126–137.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Burns, B. J., Mustillo, S. A., Farmer, E. M. Z., McCrae, J., Kolko, D. J., Libby, A. M., & Webb, M. B. (2009). Caregiver depression, mental health service use, and child outcomes. In M. B. Webb, K. Dowd, B. J. Harden, J. Landsverk & M. Testa (Eds.), Child welfare and child well-being: New perspectives from the national survey of child and adolescent well-being (pp. 351–379). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Burns, B. J., Mustillo, S. A., Farmer, E. M. Z., McCrae, J., Kolko, D. J., Libby, A. M., & Webb, M. B. (2009). Caregiver depression, mental health service use, and child outcomes. In M. B. Webb, K. Dowd, B. J. Harden, J. Landsverk & M. Testa (Eds.), Child welfare and child well-being: New perspectives from the national survey of child and adolescent well-being (pp. 351–379). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Camras, L., Kolmodin, K., & Chen, Y. (2008). Mothers’ self-reported emotional expression in Mainland Chinese, Chinese American and European American families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32, 459–463. doi:10.1177/0165025408093665.CrossRef Camras, L., Kolmodin, K., & Chen, Y. (2008). Mothers’ self-reported emotional expression in Mainland Chinese, Chinese American and European American families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32, 459–463. doi:10.​1177/​0165025408093665​.CrossRef
go back to reference Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 87–127. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87.CrossRefPubMed Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 87–127. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Crnic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. Bornstein (ed.), Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed) (pp. 243–267, Vol. 5). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Crnic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. Bornstein (ed.), Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed) (pp. 243–267, Vol. 5). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 65–86.CrossRef Denham, S. A., Mitchell-Copeland, J., Strandberg, K., Auerbach, S., & Blair, K. (1997). Parental contributions to preschoolers’ emotional competence: Direct and indirect effects. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 65–86.CrossRef
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2001). Mother’s emotional expressivity and children’s behavior problems and social competence: Mediation through children’s regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37, 475–490. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.475.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2001). Mother’s emotional expressivity and children’s behavior problems and social competence: Mediation through children’s regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37, 475–490. doi:10.​1037/​0012-1649.​37.​4.​475.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Morris, A. S., Fabes, R. A., Cumberland, A., Reiser, M., et al. (2003). Longitudinal relations among parental emotional expressivity, children’s regulation, and quality of socioemotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 39, 3–19. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.3.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Morris, A. S., Fabes, R. A., Cumberland, A., Reiser, M., et al. (2003). Longitudinal relations among parental emotional expressivity, children’s regulation, and quality of socioemotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 39, 3–19. doi:10.​1037/​0012-1649.​39.​1.​3.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Forbes, E. E., & Dahl, R. E. (2005). Neural systems of positive affect: Relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression? Development and Psychopathology, 17, 827–850.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Forbes, E. E., & Dahl, R. E. (2005). Neural systems of positive affect: Relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression? Development and Psychopathology, 17, 827–850.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2014). Bayesian data analysis (Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2014). Bayesian data analysis (Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
go back to reference Halberstadt, A. G., Cassidy, J., Stifter, C. A., Parke, R. D., & Fox, N. A. (1995). Self-expressiveness within the family context: Psychometric support for a new measure. Psychological Assessment, 7, 93–103. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.1.93.CrossRef Halberstadt, A. G., Cassidy, J., Stifter, C. A., Parke, R. D., & Fox, N. A. (1995). Self-expressiveness within the family context: Psychometric support for a new measure. Psychological Assessment, 7, 93–103. doi:10.​1037/​1040-3590.​7.​1.​93.CrossRef
go back to reference Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Ormrod, R. (2010). The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 734–741. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.03.001.CrossRef Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Ormrod, R. (2010). The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 734–741. doi:10.​1016/​j.​chiabu.​2010.​03.​001.CrossRef
go back to reference Haskett, M. E., Neupert, S. D., & Okado, Y. (2014). Factors associated with 3-year stability and change in parenting behavior of abusive parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 263–274. doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9729-y.CrossRef Haskett, M. E., Neupert, S. D., & Okado, Y. (2014). Factors associated with 3-year stability and change in parenting behavior of abusive parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 263–274. doi:10.​1007/​s10826-013-9729-y.CrossRef
go back to reference Herrenkohl, E. C., Herronkohl, R. C., & Egolf, B. (1994). Resilient early school-age children from maltreating homes: Outcomes in late adolescence. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 301–309.CrossRefPubMed Herrenkohl, E. C., Herronkohl, R. C., & Egolf, B. (1994). Resilient early school-age children from maltreating homes: Outcomes in late adolescence. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 301–309.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Herrenkohl, E. C., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Egolf, B. P. (2003). The psychosocial consequences of living environment instability on maltreated children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73, 367–380. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.73.4.367. Herrenkohl, E. C., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Egolf, B. P. (2003). The psychosocial consequences of living environment instability on maltreated children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73, 367–380. doi:10.​1037/​0002-9432.​73.​4.​367.
go back to reference Herrenkohl, R. C., & Herrenkohl, E. C. (1981). Some antecedents and developmental consequences of child maltreatment. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 11, 57–76. doi:10.1002/cd.23219811105.CrossRef Herrenkohl, R. C., & Herrenkohl, E. C. (1981). Some antecedents and developmental consequences of child maltreatment. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 11, 57–76. doi:10.​1002/​cd.​23219811105.CrossRef
go back to reference Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
go back to reference Kennedy, S. C., Kim, J. S., Tripodi, S. J., Brown, A. S., & Gowdy, G. (2016). Does parent-child interaction therapy reduce future physical abuse: A meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 26, 147–156.CrossRef Kennedy, S. C., Kim, J. S., Tripodi, S. J., Brown, A. S., & Gowdy, G. (2016). Does parent-child interaction therapy reduce future physical abuse: A meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 26, 147–156.CrossRef
go back to reference Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 592–615. doi:10.1037/a0025948.CrossRefPubMed Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 592–615. doi:10.​1037/​a0025948.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Manly, J. T., Kim, J. E., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Dimensions of child maltreatment and children’s adjustment: Contributions of developmental timing and subtype. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 759–782.PubMed Manly, J. T., Kim, J. E., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Dimensions of child maltreatment and children’s adjustment: Contributions of developmental timing and subtype. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 759–782.PubMed
go back to reference Mazure, C. M. (1998). Life stressors as risk factors in depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 291–313. Mazure, C. M. (1998). Life stressors as risk factors in depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 291–313.
go back to reference McKibben, L., De Vos, E., & Newberger, E. H. (1989). Victimization of mothers of abused children: A controlled study. Pediatrics, 84, 531–535.PubMed McKibben, L., De Vos, E., & Newberger, E. H. (1989). Victimization of mothers of abused children: A controlled study. Pediatrics, 84, 531–535.PubMed
go back to reference McPherson, A. V., Lewis, K. E., Lynn, A. E., Haskett, M. E., & Behrend, T. S. (2009). Predictors of parenting stress for abusive and nonabusive mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 61–69.CrossRef McPherson, A. V., Lewis, K. E., Lynn, A. E., Haskett, M. E., & Behrend, T. S. (2009). Predictors of parenting stress for abusive and nonabusive mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 61–69.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2000). Mplus: The comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers: User’s guide. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2000). Mplus: The comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers: User’s guide.
go back to reference Nelson, J. A., O’Brien, M., Blankson, A. N., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2009). Family stress and parental responses to children’s negative emotions: Tests of the spillover, crossover, and compensatory hypotheses. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 671–679. doi:10.1037/a0015977.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nelson, J. A., O’Brien, M., Blankson, A. N., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2009). Family stress and parental responses to children’s negative emotions: Tests of the spillover, crossover, and compensatory hypotheses. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 671–679. doi:10.​1037/​a0015977.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Pianta, R. C. (2000). An ecological perspective on the transition to kindergarten: A theoretical framework to guide empirical research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 491–511. DOI: 10.1016/S0193-3973(00)00051-4.CrossRef Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., & Pianta, R. C. (2000). An ecological perspective on the transition to kindergarten: A theoretical framework to guide empirical research. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 491–511. DOI: 10.1016/S0193-3973(00)00051-4.CrossRef
go back to reference Robinson, L. R., Sheffield Morris, A., Heller, S. S., Scheeringa, M. S., & Boris, N. W. (2009). Relations between emotion regulation, parenting, and psychopathology in young maltreated children in out of home care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 421–434. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9246-6.CrossRef Robinson, L. R., Sheffield Morris, A., Heller, S. S., Scheeringa, M. S., & Boris, N. W. (2009). Relations between emotion regulation, parenting, and psychopathology in young maltreated children in out of home care. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 421–434. doi:10.​1007/​s10826-008-9246-6.CrossRef
go back to reference Shackman, J. E., Fatani, S., Camras, L. A., Berkowitz, M. J., Bachorowski, J. A., & Pollak, S. D. (2010). Emotion expression among abusive mothers is associated with their children’s emotion processing and problem behaviours. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 1421–1430. doi:10.1080/02699930903399376.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shackman, J. E., Fatani, S., Camras, L. A., Berkowitz, M. J., Bachorowski, J. A., & Pollak, S. D. (2010). Emotion expression among abusive mothers is associated with their children’s emotion processing and problem behaviours. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 1421–1430. doi:10.​1080/​0269993090339937​6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Shipman, K. L., Schneider, R., Fitzgerald, M. M., Sims, C., Swisher, L., & Edwards, A. (2007). Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non‐maltreating families: Implications for children’s emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 268–285. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00384.x.CrossRef Shipman, K. L., Schneider, R., Fitzgerald, M. M., Sims, C., Swisher, L., & Edwards, A. (2007). Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non‐maltreating families: Implications for children’s emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 268–285. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1467-9507.​2007.​00384.​x.CrossRef
go back to reference Sloan, D. M., Strauss, M. E., Quirk, S. W., & Sajatovic, M. (1997). Subjective and expressive emotional responses in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 46, 135–141. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00097-9.CrossRefPubMed Sloan, D. M., Strauss, M. E., Quirk, S. W., & Sajatovic, M. (1997). Subjective and expressive emotional responses in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 46, 135–141. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00097-9.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Greenbaum, C., Cicchetti, D., Dawud, S., Cortes, R. M., et al. (1993). Effects of domestic violence on children’s behavior problems and depression. Developmental Psychology, 29, 44–52. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.1.44.CrossRef Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Greenbaum, C., Cicchetti, D., Dawud, S., Cortes, R. M., et al. (1993). Effects of domestic violence on children’s behavior problems and depression. Developmental Psychology, 29, 44–52. doi:10.​1037/​0012-1649.​29.​1.​44.CrossRef
go back to reference Stith, S. M., Liu, T., Davies, L. C., Boykin, E. L., Alder, M. C., Harris, J. M., et al. (2009). Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 13–29.CrossRef Stith, S. M., Liu, T., Davies, L. C., Boykin, E. L., Alder, M. C., Harris, J. M., et al. (2009). Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 13–29.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, S. R., Rack, J. J., Shi, X., & Norris, A. M. (2008). Comparing physically abusive, neglectful, and non-maltreating parents during interactions with their children: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 897–911. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.01.003.CrossRef Wilson, S. R., Rack, J. J., Shi, X., & Norris, A. M. (2008). Comparing physically abusive, neglectful, and non-maltreating parents during interactions with their children: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 897–911. doi:10.​1016/​j.​chiabu.​2008.​01.​003.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Losoya, S. H., Fabes, R. A., Reiser, M., Guthrie, I. K., et al. (2002). The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children’s empathy‐related responding and social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 73, 893–915. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00446.CrossRefPubMed Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Losoya, S. H., Fabes, R. A., Reiser, M., Guthrie, I. K., et al. (2002). The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children’s empathy‐related responding and social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 73, 893–915. doi:10.​1111/​1467-8624.​00446.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Three-year Trajectories of Emotional Expressiveness among Maltreating Mothers: The Role of Life Changes
Auteurs
Helen M. Milojevich
Mary E. Haskett
Publicatiedatum
28-08-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0858-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2018

Journal of Child and Family Studies 1/2018 Naar de uitgave