Top

Gepubliceerd in:

24-07-2023 | Original Paper

The Transmission of Anxiety from Mothers to Adolescents in Rural China: The Protective Roles of Father-Child Attachment Security and Friend Support

Auteurs: Jinxia Zhao, Zhen Li, Meifang Wang

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2024

Abstract

There is evidence that anxiety is transmitted across generations. However, little is known about this issue in rural Chinese families and the factors that could buffer this transmission. Using cross-sectional data of 642 mother-child dyads in families with a migrating father and non-migrant families from Chinese rural areas, we examined the transmission of anxiety from mothers to adolescents and the protective roles of father-child attachment security and friend support in this association. Adolescents reported on their attachment security to fathers, friend support, and anxiety, and mothers self-reported on maternal anxiety. We used hierarchical regression analyses to evaluate the moderating roles of father-child attachment security and friend support in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. The results provided evidence of the cross-generational transmission of anxiety in rural Chinese families and supported the hypothesis that the protective effects of father-child attachment security and friend support in the transmission of anxiety vary between the two types of families. Father-child attachment security buffered the transmission of anxiety from mothers to adolescents among non-migrant families, and friend support buffered this transmission among families with a migrating father. These findings broadened our understanding of the factors and processes that account for intergenerational continuity and discontinuity in anxiety in rural China.

vorige artikel Maternal Reflective Functioning and Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Orientations in Poland, the Netherlands, and Turkey

volgende artikel Families Navigating Macroeconomic Hard Times: The Experiences of Portuguese Emerging Adults and Their Parents in the Aftermath of the Great Recession

Askew, C., & Field, A. P. (2008). The vicarious learning pathway to fear 40 years on. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1249–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.05.003.CrossRefPubMed

Beesdo-Baum, K., & Knappe, S. (2012). Developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21(3), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.001.CrossRefPubMed

Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (1997). At risk for anxiety: I. Psychopathology in the offspring of anxious parents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 918–924. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199707000-00013.CrossRefPubMed

Bögels, S. M., & van Melick, M. (2004). The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents. Personality & Individual Differences, 37(8), 1583–1596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.014.CrossRef

Boldt, L. J., Kochanska, G., Yoon, J. E., & Nordling, J. K. (2014). Children’s attachment to both parents from toddler age to middle childhood: Links to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Attachment & Human Development, 16, 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2014.889181.CrossRef

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation anxiety and danger. New York: Basic Books.

Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Mother-child attachment patterns and different types of anxiety symptoms: Is there specificity of relations? Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(6), 663–674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0195-0.CrossRef

Brumariu, L. E., Kerns, K. A., & Seibert, A. (2012). Mother–child attachment, emotion regulation, and anxiety symptoms in middle childhood. Personal Relationships, 19(3), 569–585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01379.x.CrossRef

Chen, W., Li, D., Bao, Z., Yan, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2015). The impact of parent-child attachment on adolescent problematic internet use: A moderated mediation model. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 47(5), 611–623. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.00611.CrossRef

Cheng, J., & Sun, Y. H. (2015). Depression and anxiety among left-behind children in China: A systematic review. Child Care Health and Development, 41(4), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12221.CrossRefPubMed

Cooper, P. J., Fearn, V., Willetts, L., Seabrook, H., & Parkinson, M. (2006). Affective disorder in the parents of a clinic sample of children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93(1-3), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.017.CrossRefPubMed

Eley, T. C., Mcadams, T. A., Rijsdijk, F. V., Lichtenstein, P., Narusyte, J., Reiss, D., Spotts, E. L., Ganiban, J. M., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2015). The intergenerational transmission of anxiety: A children-of-twins study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(7), 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14070818.CrossRefPubMed

Essau, C. A., Leung, P. W. L., Conradt, J., Cheng, H., & Wong, T. (2008). Anxiety symptoms in Chinese and German adolescents: Their relationship with early learning experiences, perfectionism, and learning motivation. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 801–810. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20334.CrossRefPubMed

Essau, C. A., Muris, P., & Ederer, E. M. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders in German children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7916(02)00005-8.CrossRefPubMed

Folger, S. F., & Wright, M. O. (2013). Altering risk following child maltreatment: Family and friend support as protective factors. Journal of Family Violence, 28, 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9510-4.CrossRef

Gaertner, A. E., Fite, P. J., & Colder, C. R. (2010). Parenting and friendship quality as predictors of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early adolescence. Journal of Child and Family Study, 19, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9289-3.CrossRef

Jin, Y., Qin, Q., Zhan, S., Yu, X., Liang, L., & Huang, F. (2016). Depressive symptoms were prevalent among left-behind women in Ma’anshan, China. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(3), 226–232.CrossRefPubMed

Kochanska, G., & Kim, S. (2013). Early attachment organization with both parents and future behavior problems: From infancy to middle childhood. Child Development, 84, 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01852.x.CrossRefPubMed

Liu, L., Li, S., Zheng, Y., & Wang, M. (2020). Intergenerational transmission of anxiety in Chinese migrant families: The mediating role of parents’ perceptions of co-parenting. Journal of Affective Disorders, 280, 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.069.CrossRefPubMed

Lu, J., Lin, L., Roy, B., Riley, C., Wang, E., Wang, K., Li, U., Wang, F., & Zhou, X. (2020). The impacts of parent-child communication on left-behind children’s mental health and suicidal ideation: A cross sectional study in Anhui. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104785.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Möller, E. L., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2015). Parental anxiety, parenting behavior, and infant anxiety: Differential associations for fathers and mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(9), 2626–2637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0065-7.CrossRef

Murray, L., de Rosnay, M., Pearson, J., Bergeron, C., Schofield, E., Royal-Lawson, M., & Cooper, P. J. (2008). Intergenerational transmission of social anxiety: The role of social referencing processes in infancy. Child Development, 79(4), 1049–1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01175.x.CrossRefPubMed

Perret, L. C., Ki, M., Commisso, M., Chon, D., & Geoffroy, M. C. (2021). Perceived friend support buffers against symptoms of depression in peer victimized adolescents: Evidence from a population-based cohort in South Korea. Journal of Affective Disorders, 291(7), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.078.CrossRefPubMed

Podina, I. R., Mogoas, C., & Dobrean, A. (2013). Intergenerational transmission of anxiety: Evidence for the mediating role of the negative interpretation bias. Journal of Cognitive & Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13, 309–320.

Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437–448. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986031004437.CrossRef

Raffaelli, M., Andrade, F. C. D., Wiley, A. R., Sanchez-Armass, O., Edwards, L. L., & Aradillas-Garcia, C. (2013). Stress, social support, and depression: A test of the stress‐buffering hypothesis in a Mexican sample. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12006.CrossRef

Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009). Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: Origins and treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 311–341. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628.CrossRefPubMed

Rubin, K. H., Dwyer, K. M., Booth, C. L., Kim, A. H., Burgess, K. B., & Rose-Krasnor, L. (2004). Attachment, friendship, and psychosocial functioning in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 326–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604268530.CrossRefPubMed

Ruhl, H., Dolan, E. A., & Buhrmester, D. (2014). Adolescent attachment trajectories with mothers and fathers: The importance of parent-child relationship experiences and gender. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(3), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12144.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Runtz, M. G., & Schallow, J. R. (1997). Social support and coping strategies as mediators of adult adjustment following childhood maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 211–226.CrossRef

Stuart-Parrigon, K. L., & Kerns, K. A. (2016). Family processes in child anxiety: The long-term impact of fathers and mothers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1253–1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0118-4.CrossRefPubMed

Wang, M. T., Brinkworth, M., & Eccles, J. (2013). Moderating effects of teacher-student relationship in adolescent trajectories of emotional and behavioral adjustment. Developmental. Psychology, 49, 690–705. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027916.CrossRefPubMed

Wen, M., & Lin, D. (2012). Child development in rural China: Children left behind by their migrant parents and children of non-migrant families. Child Development, 83, 120–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01698.x.CrossRefPubMed

Wu, H., & Ye, J. (2010). Analysis on the psychological impacts of husbands’ migration on the women left at home in rural China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 40(3), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.41.CrossRef

Zhao, J. X., Liu, X., & Wang, M. F. (2015). Parent–child cohesion, friend companionship and left-behind children’s emotional adaptation in rural China. Child Abuse & Neglect, 48, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.005.CrossRef

Zhao, J. X., Xing, X. P., & Wang, M. F. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in Mainland Chinese children and adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(7), 728–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.006.CrossRefPubMed

Zhao, J. X., Zhao, J. X., & Wang, M. F. (2018). Intergenerational transmission of anxiety among left-behind women and children: Moderating mediating effect. Psychological Development and Education, 34, 724–731. https://doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2018.06.11.CrossRef

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2.CrossRef

Titel: The Transmission of Anxiety from Mothers to Adolescents in Rural China: The Protective Roles of Father-Child Attachment Security and Friend Support
Auteurs: Jinxia Zhao
Zhen Li
Meifang Wang
Publicatiedatum: 24-07-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02632-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2024

An Evaluation of Milk and Cookies (MAC): A School-based Program for Children with Incarcerated Parents

Parenting Practices and Parenting Program Preferences of Chinese Immigrant Parents in New Zealand

Adolescent General Efficacy Scale for Parents (AGES-p): Adaptation and Spanish Validation

Maternal Reflective Functioning and Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Orientations in Poland, the Netherlands, and Turkey

Development and Validation of the EFFAM Scale (Family Functioning Scale-Madrid)

Psychometric Properties of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS) for Vulnerable Preschoolers from Ecuador