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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

25-04-2023

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder – Parent (PSCD-P): Convergent Validity, Incremental Validity, and Reactions to Unfamiliar Peer Confederates

Auteurs: Nicholas A. Bellamy, Randall T. Salekin, Bridget A. Makol, Tara M. Augenstein, Andres De Los Reyes

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 8/2023

Abstract

Youth who experience psychopathy display multiple impairments across interpersonal (grandiose-manipulative [GM]), affective (callous-unemotional [CU]), lifestyle (daring-impulsive [DI]), and potentially antisocial and behavioral features. Recently, it has been acknowledged that the inclusion of psychopathic features can offer valuable information in relation to the etiology of Conduct Disorder (CD). Yet, prior work largely focuses on the affective component of psychopathy, namely CU. This focus creates uncertainty in the literature on the incremental value of a multicomponent approach to understanding CD-linked domains. Consequently, researchers developed the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD; Salekin & Hare, 2016) as a multicomponent approach to assess GM, CU, and DI features in combination with CD symptoms. The notion of considering the wider set of psychopathic features for CD specification requires testing whether multiple personality dimensions predict domain-relevant criterion outcomes above-and-beyond a CU-based approach. Thus, we tested the psychometric properties of parents’ reports on the PSCD (PSCD-P) in a mixed clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents (M_age = 14.49, 66.4% female). Confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a 19-item PSCD-P displaying acceptable reliability estimates and a bifactor solution consisting of GM, CU, DI, and CD factors. Findings supported the incremental validity of scores taken from the PSCD-P across multiple criterion variables, including (a) an established survey measure of parent-adolescent conflict; and (b) trained independent observers’ ratings of adolescents’ behavioral reactions to laboratory controlled tasks designed to simulate social interactions with unfamiliar peers. These findings have important implications for future research on the PSCD and links to adolescents’ interpersonal functioning.

vorige artikel Do Autistic Traits Predict Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

volgende artikel Fearlessness as an Underlying Mechanism Leading to Conduct Problems: Testing the Intermediate Effects of Parenting, Anxiety, and callous-unemotional Traits

Demographic data for the two groups are available upon request from the corresponding author.

Following the normative cut-off method from Kemp et al. (2021), we examined the base rate for elevated ICU scores in the current sample. Specifically, the recommended sex- and age-based ICU parent-report norm was applied: raw total score ≥ 34 for males; and ≥ 30 for females. Using this method, we found that 6 male adolescents scored above the cutoff. In addition, 9 female adolescents scored above the cutoff. This is in the 7–10% range and thus may be considered fairly high for this sample given our methods for participant recruitment.

We conducted supplementary analyses of relations between PSCD-P scores and independent observers’ ratings of social anxiety and social skills depending on parents’ ratings of their adolescent’s social anxiety concerns. These analyses revealed non-significant effects for the moderation of social anxiety.

We repeated these hierarchical regression analyses using the ICU total score. The same general pattern of findings emerged as those observed with the ICU subscale scores. Specifically, we found that over-and-above the variance accounted for by parent-reported ICU reports on independent raters’ observations of social skills and social anxiety (β = -0.22; R² = 0.05; p < 0.05; and, β = 0.13; R² = 0.02; p = 0.123, respectively), GM factor scale contributed a positive and small-to-moderate-magnitude effect on independent raters’ observations of social skills (β = 0.28; ∆R² = 0.07; p < 0.01); and a negative and small-to-moderate-magnitude effect on social anxiety (β = -0.29; ∆R² = 0.08; p < 0.001).

Prior work indicates that adolescents’ reactions to socially stressful situations normatively exhibit increased emotional reactions (i.e., greater arousal and observed anxiety; Cannon et al., 2020) to these tasks in other studies.

It should be noted, however, that reliance upon fit statistics alone can be a fallible index of fit. Other factors, such as theory, convergent-discriminant validity, and incremental validity are also important to consider (see also Greene et al., 2022).

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Titel: The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder – Parent (PSCD-P): Convergent Validity, Incremental Validity, and Reactions to Unfamiliar Peer Confederates
Auteurs: Nicholas A. Bellamy
Randall T. Salekin
Bridget A. Makol
Tara M. Augenstein
Andres De Los Reyes
Publicatiedatum: 25-04-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 8/2023
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01056-x

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