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Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2014

The Association between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Behavioral and Academic Adjustment in Children: Further Validation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits

Auteurs: Enrica Ciucci, Andrea Baroncelli, Marta Franchi, Farrah Naz Golmaryami, Paul J. Frick

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 2/2014

Abstract

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been associated with problems in behavioral adjustment in past research which has led to proposals to include them in diagnostic classification systems for child behavior problems. In the current study, the factor structure of a comprehensive measure of CU traits was tested in a sample of 540 Italian children in grades 6 and 8. Consistent with past factor analyses in other countries, CU traits could be described as having three subfactors (i.e., callousness, uncaring, unemotional) which load on an overarching general factor. Importantly, this factor structure was invariant across gender and grade. Consistent with past studies, CU traits were positively associated with school behavior problems, bullying, and reactive aggression and this was largely accounted for by the callousness and uncaring subscales. The current results advance past work in showing that these associations extend to cyberbullying and to bullying reported by both self-report and by peer nominations. Further, CU traits were also associated with lower levels of academic achievement, and this was also largely accounted for by the callousness and uncaring dimensions. Finally, although the unemotional subscale did not show consistent associations with problems in behavioral or academic adjustment, it did contribute independently to the prediction (negatively) of peer-reported prosocial behaviors.

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The primary reason for attempting the hierarchical factor structure was the failure of a number of items to show significant factor loadings when testing a bifactor model. However, the hierarchical factor model only resulted in adequate fit using modification indices. When modification indices were tried for the bifactor model, the resulting fit indices did not show a substantial increase in fit and a number of non-significant factor loadings remained.

In much of the past research testing the factor structure of the ICU, a bi-factor structure was supported as the best fitting model, rather than the hierarchical factor structure supported in the current sample. One possibility for this difference in findings is the methodology used in the current study which normalized item scores which we felt was justified because of the highly skewed distributions of some items. In support of this explanation for the somewhat discrepant results, when the factor analyses were repeated using non-normalized scores, the best fitting model was a bi-factor model (X ² (df = 187) = 383.62; GFI = .94; AGFI = .92; RMSEA = .04; AIC = 517.62).

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Titel: The Association between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Behavioral and Academic Adjustment in Children: Further Validation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits
Auteurs: Enrica Ciucci
Andrea Baroncelli
Marta Franchi
Farrah Naz Golmaryami
Paul J. Frick
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2014
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9384-z

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