Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

19-09-2016 | ORIGINAL PAPER

The Meaning and Doing of Mindfulness: The Role of Values in the Link Between Mindfulness and Well-Being

Auteurs: Alison M. Christie, Paul W. B. Atkins, James N. Donald

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2017

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The role of values-based action in facilitating change is central to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy but more peripheral in more traditional mindfulness-based interventions. This paper examined the role of values-based action in the relationship between mindfulness and both eudemonic and hedonic well-being in two samples—an undergraduate sample (n = 630) and a postgraduate sample (n = 199). It was hypothesized that mindfulness would be related to well-being indirectly through values-based action, measured as decreases in psychological barriers to values-based action and increases in values-congruent behavior. In both samples, significant indirect effects were identified from mindfulness to hedonic and eudemonic well-being through values-based action. These studies provide initial evidence that mindfulness effects well-being partly through facilitating meaningful behavioral change. The implication of this finding is that mindfulness interventions may be enhanced with an explicit focus on values clarification and the application of mindfulness to values-based behavior.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Baer, R. A. (2010). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions and processes of change. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: illuminating the theory and practice of change (pp. 1–24). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications Inc. Baer, R. A. (2010). Mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions and processes of change. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: illuminating the theory and practice of change (pp. 1–24). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications Inc.
go back to reference Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. doi:10.1177/1073191107313003.CrossRefPubMed Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. doi:10.​1177/​1073191107313003​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18(3), 308–320. doi:10.1177/1073191111408231.CrossRefPubMed Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18(3), 308–320. doi:10.​1177/​1073191111408231​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire–ii: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688.CrossRefPubMed Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire–ii: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Braithwaite, V. A., & Scott, W. A. (1991). Values. In J. P. Robinson, L. S. Wrightsman, & F. M. Andrews (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (p. 661). San Diego: Academic.CrossRef Braithwaite, V. A., & Scott, W. A. (1991). Values. In J. P. Robinson, L. S. Wrightsman, & F. M. Andrews (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (p. 661). San Diego: Academic.CrossRef
go back to reference Branstetter-Rost, A., Cushing, C., & Douleh, T. (2009). Personal values and pain tolerance: does a values intervention add to acceptance? Journal of Pain, 10(8), 887–892.CrossRefPubMed Branstetter-Rost, A., Cushing, C., & Douleh, T. (2009). Personal values and pain tolerance: does a values intervention add to acceptance? Journal of Pain, 10(8), 887–892.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Byrne, B. B. (2012). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: basic concepts, application and programming. New York: Routledge. Byrne, B. B. (2012). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: basic concepts, application and programming. New York: Routledge.
go back to reference Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., Lykins, E. B., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 613–626. doi:10.1002/jclp.CrossRefPubMed Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., Lykins, E. B., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 613–626. doi:10.​1002/​jclp.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177–182. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4.CrossRef Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177–182. doi:10.​1007/​s12671-010-0023-4.CrossRef
go back to reference Ciarrochi, J., Blackledge, J. T., & Heaven, P. (2006). Initial validation of the social values survey and personal values questionnaire. Presented at the Second World Conference on ACT, RFT, and Contexutal Behavioural Science. Ciarrochi, J., Blackledge, J. T., & Heaven, P. (2006). Initial validation of the social values survey and personal values questionnaire. Presented at the Second World Conference on ACT, RFT, and Contexutal Behavioural Science.
go back to reference Ciarrochi, J., Fisher, D., & Lane, L. (2010). The link between value motives, value success, and well-being among people diagnosed with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 20(11), 1184–1192. doi:10.1002/pon.1832. Ciarrochi, J., Fisher, D., & Lane, L. (2010). The link between value motives, value success, and well-being among people diagnosed with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 20(11), 1184–1192. doi:10.​1002/​pon.​1832.
go back to reference Cohen, G. L., Garcia, J., Purdie-Vaughns, V., Apfel, N., & Brzustoski, P. (2009). Recursive processes in self-affirmation: intervening to close the minority achievement gap. Science, 324(5925), 400–403. doi:10.1126/science.1170769.CrossRefPubMed Cohen, G. L., Garcia, J., Purdie-Vaughns, V., Apfel, N., & Brzustoski, P. (2009). Recursive processes in self-affirmation: intervening to close the minority achievement gap. Science, 324(5925), 400–403. doi:10.​1126/​science.​1170769.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16(11), 846–851.CrossRefPubMed Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16(11), 846–851.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Crocker, J., Niiya, Y., & Mischkowski, D. (2008). Why does writing about important values reduce defensiveness? Psychological Science, 19(7), 740–747.CrossRefPubMed Crocker, J., Niiya, Y., & Mischkowski, D. (2008). Why does writing about important values reduce defensiveness? Psychological Science, 19(7), 740–747.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dahl, J. C., Plumb, J. C., Stewart, I., & Lundgren, T. (2009). The art & science of valuing in psychotherapy. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications Inc. Dahl, J. C., Plumb, J. C., Stewart, I., & Lundgren, T. (2009). The art & science of valuing in psychotherapy. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications Inc.
go back to reference Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Self-determination theory: when mind mediates behavior. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 1(1), 33–43. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Self-determination theory: when mind mediates behavior. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 1(1), 33–43.
go back to reference Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self- determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRef Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self- determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2009). New well-being measures: short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y.CrossRef Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2009). New well-being measures: short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156. doi:10.​1007/​s11205-009-9493-y.CrossRef
go back to reference Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: an approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 1058–1068.CrossRef Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: an approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 1058–1068.CrossRef
go back to reference Ferssizidis, P., Adams, L., Kashdan, T., Plummer, C., Mishra, A., & Ciarrochi, J. (2010). Motivation for and commitment to social values: the roles of age and gender. Motivation and Emotion, 34(4), 354–362.CrossRef Ferssizidis, P., Adams, L., Kashdan, T., Plummer, C., Mishra, A., & Ciarrochi, J. (2010). Motivation for and commitment to social values: the roles of age and gender. Motivation and Emotion, 34(4), 354–362.CrossRef
go back to reference Fletcher, L. B., Schoendorff, B., & Hayes, S. C. (2010). Searching for mindfulness in the brain: a process-oriented approach to examining the neural correlates of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 1(1), 41–63. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0006-5.CrossRef Fletcher, L. B., Schoendorff, B., & Hayes, S. C. (2010). Searching for mindfulness in the brain: a process-oriented approach to examining the neural correlates of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 1(1), 41–63. doi:10.​1007/​s12671-010-0006-5.CrossRef
go back to reference Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006.PubMed Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cpr.​2015.​01.​006.PubMed
go back to reference Guadagno, J. L. (2012). The mindful path to valued living: Understanding the associations between mindfulness and valued living (Unpublished doctoral disssertation). Duke University, Durham, NC. Guadagno, J. L. (2012). The mindful path to valued living: Understanding the associations between mindfulness and valued living (Unpublished doctoral disssertation). Duke University, Durham, NC.
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420.CrossRef Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 537–559. doi:10.1177/1745691611419671.CrossRefPubMed Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 537–559. doi:10.​1177/​1745691611419671​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Koestner, R., & Losier, G. F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being internally motivated: a closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research. Suffolk, UK: University of Rochester Press. Koestner, R., & Losier, G. F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being internally motivated: a closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research. Suffolk, UK: University of Rochester Press.
go back to reference Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2011). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthen & Muthen. Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2011). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthen & Muthen.
go back to reference Páez-Blarrina, M., Luciano, C., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Valdivia, S., Ortega, J., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2008). The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 84–97. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.008.CrossRefPubMed Páez-Blarrina, M., Luciano, C., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Valdivia, S., Ortega, J., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2008). The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 84–97. doi:10.​1016/​j.​brat.​2007.​10.​008.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pearson, M. R., Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., & Witkiewitz, K. (2014). Staying in the moment and finding purpose: the associations of trait mindfulness, decentering, and purpose in life with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and alcohol-related problems. Mindfulness, 6, 645–653. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0300-8.CrossRef Pearson, M. R., Brown, D. B., Bravo, A. J., & Witkiewitz, K. (2014). Staying in the moment and finding purpose: the associations of trait mindfulness, decentering, and purpose in life with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and alcohol-related problems. Mindfulness, 6, 645–653. doi:10.​1007/​s12671-014-0300-8.CrossRef
go back to reference Plumb, J. C., Stewart, I., Dahl, J. J., & Lundgren, T. (2009). In search of meaning: values in modern clinical behavior analysis. Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 85–103.PubMedPubMedCentral Plumb, J. C., Stewart, I., Dahl, J. J., & Lundgren, T. (2009). In search of meaning: values in modern clinical behavior analysis. Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 85–103.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
go back to reference Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.CrossRef Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.CrossRef
go back to reference Scheier, M. F., Wrosch, C., Baum, A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Matthews, K. A., & Zdaniuk, B. (2006). The life engagement test: assessing purpose in life. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 291–298. doi:10.1007/s10865-005-9044-1.CrossRefPubMed Scheier, M. F., Wrosch, C., Baum, A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Matthews, K. A., & Zdaniuk, B. (2006). The life engagement test: assessing purpose in life. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(3), 291–298. doi:10.​1007/​s10865-005-9044-1.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schwartz, S., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 550–562.CrossRef Schwartz, S., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 550–562.CrossRef
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 373–386.CrossRef Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 373–386.CrossRef
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862. doi:10.1002/jclp.CrossRefPubMed Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862. doi:10.​1002/​jclp.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Steger, M. F., Sheline, K., Merriman, L., & Kashdan, T. B. (2013). Using the science of meaning to invigorate values-congruent, purpose-driven action. In T. B. Kashdan & J. Ciarrochi (Eds.), Mindfulness, acceptance and positive psychology (pp. 240–265). Oakland: Context Press. Steger, M. F., Sheline, K., Merriman, L., & Kashdan, T. B. (2013). Using the science of meaning to invigorate values-congruent, purpose-driven action. In T. B. Kashdan & J. Ciarrochi (Eds.), Mindfulness, acceptance and positive psychology (pp. 240–265). Oakland: Context Press.
go back to reference Tran, U. S., Glück, T. M., & Nader, I. W. (2013). Investigating the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ): construction of a short form and evidence of a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 951–965. doi:10.1002/jclp.21996.CrossRefPubMed Tran, U. S., Glück, T. M., & Nader, I. W. (2013). Investigating the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ): construction of a short form and evidence of a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 951–965. doi:10.​1002/​jclp.​21996.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Trompetter, H. R., ten Klooster, P. M., Schreurs, K. M. G., Fledderus, M., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2013). Measuring values and committed action with the engaged living scale (ELS): psychometric evaluation in a nonclinical sample and a chronic pain sample. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1235–1246. doi:10.1037/a0033813.CrossRefPubMed Trompetter, H. R., ten Klooster, P. M., Schreurs, K. M. G., Fledderus, M., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2013). Measuring values and committed action with the engaged living scale (ELS): psychometric evaluation in a nonclinical sample and a chronic pain sample. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1235–1246. doi:10.​1037/​a0033813.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(October), 1–30. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296. Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6(October), 1–30. doi:10.​3389/​fnhum.​2012.​00296.
go back to reference Van Dam, N. T., Hobkirk, A. L., Sheppard, S. C., & Aviles-Andrews, R. (2014). How does mindfulness reduce anxiety, depression, and stress? An exploratory examination of change processes in wait-list controlled mindfulness meditation training. Mindfulness, 5, 574–588. doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0229-3.CrossRef Van Dam, N. T., Hobkirk, A. L., Sheppard, S. C., & Aviles-Andrews, R. (2014). How does mindfulness reduce anxiety, depression, and stress? An exploratory examination of change processes in wait-list controlled mindfulness meditation training. Mindfulness, 5, 574–588. doi:10.​1007/​s12671-013-0229-3.CrossRef
go back to reference Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
go back to reference Wilson, K. G., & Dufrene, T. (2009). Mindfulness for two: an acceptance and commitment therapy approach to mindfulness in psychotherapy. Oakland: New Harbinger. Wilson, K. G., & Dufrene, T. (2009). Mindfulness for two: an acceptance and commitment therapy approach to mindfulness in psychotherapy. Oakland: New Harbinger.
go back to reference Wilson, K. G., Sandoz, E. K., Kitchens, J., & Roberts, M. (2010). The valued living questionnaire: defining and measuring valued action within a behavioral framework. The Psychological Record, 60, 249–272. Wilson, K. G., Sandoz, E. K., Kitchens, J., & Roberts, M. (2010). The valued living questionnaire: defining and measuring valued action within a behavioral framework. The Psychological Record, 60, 249–272.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Meaning and Doing of Mindfulness: The Role of Values in the Link Between Mindfulness and Well-Being
Auteurs
Alison M. Christie
Paul W. B. Atkins
James N. Donald
Publicatiedatum
19-09-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0606-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2017

Mindfulness 2/2017 Naar de uitgave