Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3/2022

15-04-2021 | Original Paper

The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function Among People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Auteurs: Ming-Chih Sung, Byungmo Ku, Willie Leung, Megan MacDonald

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 3/2022

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The current meta-analysis comprehensively examined the effects of physical activity interventions on executive function among people with neurodevelopmental disorders. The meta-analysis included 34 studies with 1058 participants aged 5–33 years. Results indicated an overall significant medium effect of physical activity interventions on improving executive function in people with neurodevelopmental disorders under the random-effect model (Hedges’ g = 0.56, p < .001). Significant moderators of the effects of physical activity intervention on executive function included age, intervention length and session time, executive function subdomains, and intervention dose (total minutes in the intervention). This meta-analysis provides support for the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on executive function among people with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future studies and limitations are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Afshari, J. (2012). The effect of perceptual-motor training on attention in the children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(4), 1331–1336.CrossRef Afshari, J. (2012). The effect of perceptual-motor training on attention in the children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(4), 1331–1336.CrossRef
go back to reference Akin, S., Kilinc, F., Soyleyici, Z. S., & Gocmen, N. (2017). Investigation of the effects of Badminton exercises on attention development in autistic children. Online Submission, 3, 3. Akin, S., Kilinc, F., Soyleyici, Z. S., & Gocmen, N. (2017). Investigation of the effects of Badminton exercises on attention development in autistic children. Online Submission, 3, 3.
go back to reference Amador-Ruiz, S., Gutierrez, D., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Gulías-González, R., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., & Sánchez-López, M. (2018). Motor competence levels and prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in Spanish children: The MOVI-KIDS study. Journal of School Health, 88(7), 538–546. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12639.CrossRef Amador-Ruiz, S., Gutierrez, D., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Gulías-González, R., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., & Sánchez-López, M. (2018). Motor competence levels and prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in Spanish children: The MOVI-KIDS study. Journal of School Health, 88(7), 538–546. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​josh.​12639.CrossRef
go back to reference Anderson-Hanley, C., Tureck, K., & Schneiderman, R. L. (2011). Autism and exergaming: effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 4, 129–137PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Anderson-Hanley, C., Tureck, K., & Schneiderman, R. L. (2011). Autism and exergaming: effects on repetitive behaviors and cognition. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 4, 129–137PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub.CrossRef
go back to reference Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Borgi, M., Loliva, D., Cerino, S., Chiarotti, F., Venerosi, A., Bramini, M., Nonnis, E., Marcelli, M., Vinti, C., De Santis, C., Bisacco, F., Fagerlie, M., Frascarelli, M., & Cirulli, F. (2016). Effectiveness of a standardized equine-assisted therapy program for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(1), 1–9.PubMedCrossRef Borgi, M., Loliva, D., Cerino, S., Chiarotti, F., Venerosi, A., Bramini, M., Nonnis, E., Marcelli, M., Vinti, C., De Santis, C., Bisacco, F., Fagerlie, M., Frascarelli, M., & Cirulli, F. (2016). Effectiveness of a standardized equine-assisted therapy program for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(1), 1–9.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cerrillo-Urbina, A. J., García-Hermoso, A., Sánchez-López, M., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., Gómez, J. L. S., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2015). The effects of physical exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(6), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12255.CrossRef Cerrillo-Urbina, A. J., García-Hermoso, A., Sánchez-López, M., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., Gómez, J. L. S., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2015). The effects of physical exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(6), 779–788. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​cch.​12255.CrossRef
go back to reference Chang, Y. K., Liu, S., Yu, H. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2012b). Effect of acute exercise on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 27(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acr094.CrossRef Chang, Y. K., Liu, S., Yu, H. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2012b). Effect of acute exercise on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 27(2), 225–237. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​arclin/​acr094.CrossRef
go back to reference Chang, Y. K., Hung, C. L., Huang, C. J., Hatfield, B. D., & Hung, T. M. (2014). Effects of an aquatic exercise program on inhibitory control in children with ADHD: A preliminary study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 29(3), 217–223. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu003.CrossRef Chang, Y. K., Hung, C. L., Huang, C. J., Hatfield, B. D., & Hung, T. M. (2014). Effects of an aquatic exercise program on inhibitory control in children with ADHD: A preliminary study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 29(3), 217–223. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​arclin/​acu003.CrossRef
go back to reference Chen, C. C., Ringenbach, S. D. R., Crews, D., Kulinna, P. H., & Amazeen, E. L. (2015a). The association between a single bout of moderate physical activity and executive function in young adults with Down syndrome: A preliminary study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59(7), 589–598.PubMedCrossRef Chen, C. C., Ringenbach, S. D. R., Crews, D., Kulinna, P. H., & Amazeen, E. L. (2015a). The association between a single bout of moderate physical activity and executive function in young adults with Down syndrome: A preliminary study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 59(7), 589–598.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chen, M. D., Tsai, H. Y., Wang, C. C., & Wuang, Y. P. (2015b). The effectiveness of racket-sport intervention on visual perception and executive functions in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 2287–2297.PubMedPubMedCentral Chen, M. D., Tsai, H. Y., Wang, C. C., & Wuang, Y. P. (2015b). The effectiveness of racket-sport intervention on visual perception and executive functions in children with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 2287–2297.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Chen, C. C., Ryuh, Y., Hardwick, H., Shirley, R., Brinkley, B., Lim, S., Lee, Y., & Kim, M. L. (2019). Psychological benefits of inclusive soccer program in young adults with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 31(6), 847–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-019-09677-1.CrossRef Chen, C. C., Ryuh, Y., Hardwick, H., Shirley, R., Brinkley, B., Lim, S., Lee, Y., & Kim, M. L. (2019). Psychological benefits of inclusive soccer program in young adults with and without intellectual disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 31(6), 847–861. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10882-019-09677-1.CrossRef
go back to reference Chen, F. T., Etnier, J. L., Chan, K. H., Chiu, P. K., Hung, T. M., & Chang, Y. K. (2020). Effects of exercise training interventions on executive function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50, 1451–1467.PubMedCrossRef Chen, F. T., Etnier, J. L., Chan, K. H., Chiu, P. K., Hung, T. M., & Chang, Y. K. (2020). Effects of exercise training interventions on executive function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50, 1451–1467.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychological science, 14(2), 125–130.PubMedCrossRef Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychological science, 14(2), 125–130.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Collins, A., & Koechlin, E. (2012). Reasoning, learning, and creativity: Frontal lobe function and human decision-making. PLoS Biology, 10(3), e1001293.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Collins, A., & Koechlin, E. (2012). Reasoning, learning, and creativity: Frontal lobe function and human decision-making. PLoS Biology, 10(3), e1001293.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. John Wiley & Sons. Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D. M., & Buck, S. M. (2005). Aerobic Fitness and Neurocognitive Function in Healthy Preadolescent Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(11), 1967–1974.CrossRef Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D. M., & Buck, S. M. (2005). Aerobic Fitness and Neurocognitive Function in Healthy Preadolescent Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(11), 1967–1974.CrossRef
go back to reference Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Castelli, D. M., Hall, E. E., & Kramer, A. F. (2009). The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children. Neuroscience, 159(3), 1044–1054.PubMedCrossRef Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Castelli, D. M., Hall, E. E., & Kramer, A. F. (2009). The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children. Neuroscience, 159(3), 1044–1054.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Memarmoghaddam, M., Torbati, H. T., Sohrabi, M., Mashhadi, A., & Kashi, A. (2016). Effects of a selected exercise programon executive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Medicine and Life, 9(4), 373–379.PubMedPubMedCentral Memarmoghaddam, M., Torbati, H. T., Sohrabi, M., Mashhadi, A., & Kashi, A. (2016). Effects of a selected exercise programon executive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Medicine and Life, 9(4), 373–379.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Memisevic, H., & Sinanovic, O. (2014). Executive function in children with intellectual disability—The effects of sex, level and aetiology of intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(9), 830–837.PubMedCrossRef Memisevic, H., & Sinanovic, O. (2014). Executive function in children with intellectual disability—The effects of sex, level and aetiology of intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(9), 830–837.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive psychology, 41(1), 49–100.PubMedCrossRef Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive psychology, 41(1), 49–100.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Northey, J. M., Cherbuin, N., Pumpa, K. L., Smee, D. J., & Rattray, B. (2018). Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(3), 154–160.PubMedCrossRef Northey, J. M., Cherbuin, N., Pumpa, K. L., Smee, D. J., & Rattray, B. (2018). Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(3), 154–160.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ozonoff, S., & Jensen, J. (1999). Brief report: Specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 171–177.PubMedCrossRef Ozonoff, S., & Jensen, J. (1999). Brief report: Specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 171–177.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pan, C. Y., Tsai, C. L., Chu, C. H., Sung, M. C., Huang, C. Y., & Ma, W. Y. (2015). Effects of physical exercise intervention on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD: A pilot study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 384–397.PubMedCrossRef Pan, C. Y., Tsai, C. L., Chu, C. H., Sung, M. C., Huang, C. Y., & Ma, W. Y. (2015). Effects of physical exercise intervention on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD: A pilot study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 384–397.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Petersen, A. (2017). Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives. . Routledge.CrossRef Petersen, A. (2017). Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives. . Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Reale, L., Bartoli, B., Cartabia, M., Zanetti, M., Costantino, M. A., Canevini, M. P., Termine, C., Bonati, M., Conte, S., Renzetti, V., Salvoni, L., Molteni, M., Salandi, A., Trabattoni, S., Effedri, P., Filippini, E., Pedercini, E., Zanetti, E., Fteita, N., & on behalf of Lombardy ADHD Group. (2017). Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(12), 1443–1457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1005-z.CrossRef Reale, L., Bartoli, B., Cartabia, M., Zanetti, M., Costantino, M. A., Canevini, M. P., Termine, C., Bonati, M., Conte, S., Renzetti, V., Salvoni, L., Molteni, M., Salandi, A., Trabattoni, S., Effedri, P., Filippini, E., Pedercini, E., Zanetti, E., Fteita, N., & on behalf of Lombardy ADHD Group. (2017). Comorbidity prevalence and treatment outcome in children and adolescents with ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(12), 1443–1457. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00787-017-1005-z.CrossRef
go back to reference Ringenbach, S. D. R., Albert, A. R., Chen, C. C., & Alberts, J. L. (2014). Acute bouts of assisted cycling improves cognitive and upper extremity movement functions in adolescents with Down syndrome. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52(2), 124–135.PubMedCrossRef Ringenbach, S. D. R., Albert, A. R., Chen, C. C., & Alberts, J. L. (2014). Acute bouts of assisted cycling improves cognitive and upper extremity movement functions in adolescents with Down syndrome. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52(2), 124–135.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ringenbach, S. D. R., Lichtsinn, K. C., & Holzapfel, S. D. (2015). Assisted cycling therapy (ACT) improves inhibition in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 40(4), 376–387.CrossRef Ringenbach, S. D. R., Lichtsinn, K. C., & Holzapfel, S. D. (2015). Assisted cycling therapy (ACT) improves inhibition in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 40(4), 376–387.CrossRef
go back to reference Saito, M., Hirota, T., Sakamoto, Y., Adachi, M., Takahashi, M., Osato-Kaneda, A., Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B., Shui, A., Kato, S., & Nakamura, K. (2020). Prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorders and the patterns of co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in a total population sample of 5-year-old children. Molecular Autism, 11(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00342-5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Saito, M., Hirota, T., Sakamoto, Y., Adachi, M., Takahashi, M., Osato-Kaneda, A., Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B., Shui, A., Kato, S., & Nakamura, K. (2020). Prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorders and the patterns of co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in a total population sample of 5-year-old children. Molecular Autism, 11(1), 35. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s13229-020-00342-5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Shema-Shiratzky, S., Brozgol, M., Cornejo-Thumm, P., Geva-Dayan, K., Rotstein, M., Leitner, Y., Hausdorff, J. M., & Mirelman, A. (2019). Virtual reality training to enhance behavior and cognitive function among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Brief report. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 22(6), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2018.1476602.PubMedCrossRef Shema-Shiratzky, S., Brozgol, M., Cornejo-Thumm, P., Geva-Dayan, K., Rotstein, M., Leitner, Y., Hausdorff, J. M., & Mirelman, A. (2019). Virtual reality training to enhance behavior and cognitive function among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Brief report. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 22(6), 431–436. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​17518423.​2018.​1476602.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stroth, S., Kubesch, S., Dieterle, K., Ruchsow, M., Heim, R., & Kiefer, M. (2009). Physical fitness, but not acute exercise modulates event-related potential indices for executive control in healthy adolescents. Brain Research, 1269, 114–124.PubMedCrossRef Stroth, S., Kubesch, S., Dieterle, K., Ruchsow, M., Heim, R., & Kiefer, M. (2009). Physical fitness, but not acute exercise modulates event-related potential indices for executive control in healthy adolescents. Brain Research, 1269, 114–124.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tsai, C. L. (2009). The effectiveness of exercise intervention on inhibitory control in children with developmental coordination disorder: Using a visuospatial attention paradigm as a model. Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 30(6), 1268–1280.CrossRef Tsai, C. L. (2009). The effectiveness of exercise intervention on inhibitory control in children with developmental coordination disorder: Using a visuospatial attention paradigm as a model. Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 30(6), 1268–1280.CrossRef
go back to reference Tsai, C. L., Wang, C. H., & Tseng, Y. T. (2012). Effects of exercise intervention on event-related potential and task performance indices of attention networks in children with developmental coordination disorder. Brain and Cognition, 79(1), 12–22.PubMedCrossRef Tsai, C. L., Wang, C. H., & Tseng, Y. T. (2012). Effects of exercise intervention on event-related potential and task performance indices of attention networks in children with developmental coordination disorder. Brain and Cognition, 79(1), 12–22.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tsai, C. L., Chang, Y. K., Chen, F. C., Hung, T. M., Pan, C. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2014a). Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness enhancement on deficits in visuospatial working memory in children with developmental coordination disorder: A cognitive electrophysiological study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 29(2), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act081.CrossRef Tsai, C. L., Chang, Y. K., Chen, F. C., Hung, T. M., Pan, C. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2014a). Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness enhancement on deficits in visuospatial working memory in children with developmental coordination disorder: A cognitive electrophysiological study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 29(2), 173–185. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​arclin/​act081.CrossRef
go back to reference Tsai, C. L., Pan, C. Y., Chen, F. C., & Tseng, Y. T. (2017). Open-and closed-skill exercise interventions produce different neurocognitive effects on executive functions in the elderly: A 6-month randomized, controlled trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9, 294.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tsai, C. L., Pan, C. Y., Chen, F. C., & Tseng, Y. T. (2017). Open-and closed-skill exercise interventions produce different neurocognitive effects on executive functions in the elderly: A 6-month randomized, controlled trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9, 294.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Tse, C. Y. A., Lee, H. P., Chan, K. S. K., Edgar, V. B., Wilkinson-Smith, A., & Lai, W. H. E. (2019). Examining the impact of physical activity on sleep quality and executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 23(7), 1699–1710. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318823910.CrossRef Tse, C. Y. A., Lee, H. P., Chan, K. S. K., Edgar, V. B., Wilkinson-Smith, A., & Lai, W. H. E. (2019). Examining the impact of physical activity on sleep quality and executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 23(7), 1699–1710. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1362361318823910​.CrossRef
go back to reference Verret, C., Guay, M.-C., Berthiaume, C., Gardiner, P., & Beliveau, L. (2012). A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: An exploratory study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(1), 71–80.PubMedCrossRef Verret, C., Guay, M.-C., Berthiaume, C., Gardiner, P., & Beliveau, L. (2012). A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: An exploratory study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(1), 71–80.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference White, A. M. (2009). Understanding adolescent brain development and its implications for the clinician. Adolescent Medicine-State of the Art Reviews, 20(1), 73–90. White, A. M. (2009). Understanding adolescent brain development and its implications for the clinician. Adolescent Medicine-State of the Art Reviews20(1), 73–90.
go back to reference Zablotsky, B., Black, L. I., & Blumberg, S. J. (2017). Estimated prevalence of children with diagnosed developmental disabilities in the United States, 2014–2016. NCHS Data Brief, no 291. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Zablotsky, B., Black, L. I., & Blumberg, S. J. (2017). Estimated prevalence of children with diagnosed developmental disabilities in the United States, 2014–2016. NCHS Data Brief, no 291. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
go back to reference Zhu, H., Chen, A., Guo, W., Zhu, F., & Wang, B. (2020). Which type of exercise is more beneficial for cognitive function? A meta-analysis of the effects of open-skill exercise versus closed-skill exercise among children, adults, and elderly populations. Applied Sciences, 10(8), 2737. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082737.CrossRef Zhu, H., Chen, A., Guo, W., Zhu, F., & Wang, B. (2020). Which type of exercise is more beneficial for cognitive function? A meta-analysis of the effects of open-skill exercise versus closed-skill exercise among children, adults, and elderly populations. Applied Sciences, 10(8), 2737. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​app10082737.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function Among People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Auteurs
Ming-Chih Sung
Byungmo Ku
Willie Leung
Megan MacDonald
Publicatiedatum
15-04-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05009-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2022

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3/2022 Naar de uitgave