Top

Gepubliceerd in:

14-05-2021 | Original Paper

Parenting Experiences under Ongoing Life-threatening Conditions of Missile Attacks

Auteur: Bilha Paryente

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2021

Abstract

The current study focuses on parental experiences in the presence of their children, during ongoing stressful events resulting from missiles attacks. The findings further elucidate the mechanisms through which parenting is impacted by exposure to mass conflict. Semistructured in-depth interviews were held with 40 parents, 30 women and 10 men, from different families, between the ages of 28 and 45. All of the participants had been living approximately 10 km from the Gaza Strip border for more than two years, residing either in rural communities or in the city of Sderot, and all reported being exposed to life-threatening situations of missiles attacks. Data were structured around three themes: (1) parental feelings of losing control, (2) parental coping methods of restoring control, and (3) parental self-perception as child protector. Results demonstrate the need for greater acknowledgement of parent-informed interventions that could give them a partial feeling of restoring their parental sense of control. Such challenges could be addressed by parenting guidance, to reduce the impact of trauma experienced by children.

vorige artikel Intimate Partner Violence, Parenting, and Toddler Behavior among Low-Income Latinx Families

volgende artikel Correlates of Relational and Physical Aggression among Peers and Dating Partners in a College Sample

Abbott, D. A. (2009). Violent death: a qualitative study of Israeli and Palestinian families. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 14, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020802540462CrossRef

Alistic, E., Boeije, H. R., Jongmans, M. J., & Kleber, R. J. (2012). Supporting children after single incident trauma: parents’ views. Clinical Pediatrics, 51, 274–282CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.) American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC

Aslihan Nisanci, A. (2020). Parental monitoring in Turkish immigrant families in the United States. Journal of Family Social Work, 23(3), 214–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2019.1681338CrossRef

Berg, B. (2007). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn and Bacon

Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010). Personality vulnerability, low social support, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation under ongoing exposure to terrorist attacks. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(2), 166–201CrossRef

Betancourt, T. S. (2015). The intergenerational effect of war. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 72, 199–200. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2669CrossRefPubMed

Black, K., & Lobo, M. (2008). A conceptual review of family resilience factors. Journal of Family Nursing, 14, 33–55CrossRef

Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28, 489–498CrossRef

Borkowski, J. G., Landesman, S., & Bristol-Power, M. (Eds.). (2009). Parenting and the child’s world: influences on academic, intellectual, and socioemotional development. Taylor & Francis

Bradley, R. H. (2007). Parenting in the breach: how parents help children cope with developmentally challenging circumstances. Parenting: Science and Practice, 7(2), 99–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190701306896CrossRef

Bradley, R. H., & Caldwell, B. M. (1995). Caregiving and regulation of child growth and development. Developmental Review, 15, 38–85CrossRef

Bux, W., Catwright, D. J., & Collings, S. J. (2015). The experiences of non-offending caregivers following the disclosure of child sexual abuse: understanding the aftermath. South African Journal of Psychology, 46, 88–100CrossRef

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory. Sage Publications

Cobham, V. E., & Newnham, E. A. (2018). Trauma and parenting: considering humanitarian crisis contexts. In Handbook of parenting and child development across the lifespan (pp. 143–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94598-9_7

Cohen, E., & Shulman, C. (2019). Mothers and toddlers exposed to political violence: severity of exposure, emotional availability, parenting stress, and toddlers’ behavior problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12, 131–140CrossRef

Conway, A., McDonough, S., MacKenzie, M., Follett, C., & Sameroff, A. (2013). Stress-related changes in toddlers and their mothers following the attack of September 11. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 536–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajop.12055CrossRef

Cummings, J. A. (2018). Transformational change in parenting practices after child interpersonal trauma: a grounded theory examination of parental response. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 117–128CrossRef

Cummings, E. M., Goeke‐Morey, M. C., Merrilees, C. E., Taylor, L. K., & Shirlow, P. (2014). A social–ecological, process‐oriented perspective on political violence and child development. Child Development Perspectives, 8, 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12067CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dekel, R., & Solomon, D. (2016). The contribution of maternal care and control to adolescents’ adjustment following war. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 36, 198–221CrossRef

Dyregrov, A., Raundale, M., & Yule, W. (2019). What is terrorism? Book to help parents and other grown-ups talk with kids about terror. Jessica Kingsley Publishers

El-Khani, A., Ulph, F., Peters, S., & Calam, R. (2016). Syria: The challenges of parenting in refugee situations of immediate displacement. Intervention, 14, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1097/WTF.0000000000000118CrossRef

Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., Jak, S., & Overbeek, G. (2021). Parenting in times of war: a meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis of war exposure, parenting, and child adjustment. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833001 (in press).

Espinel, Z., & Shaw, J. A. (2018). PTSD in children. In C. B. Nemeroff & C. R. Marmar (Eds.), Post traumatic stress disorder (pp. 189–209). Sheridian Books

Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three states of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170CrossRef

Gelo, O. C. G., & Salvatore, S. (2016). A dynamic systems approach to psychotherapy: a meta-theoretical framework for explaining psychotherapy change processes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63, 379–395CrossRef

Halevi, G., Djalovski, A., Kanat-Maymon, Y., Yirmiya, K., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Koren, L., & Feldman, R. (2017). The social transmission of risk: maternal stress physiology, synchronous parenting, and well-being mediate the effects of war exposure on child psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 1087–1103. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000307CrossRefPubMed

Kistin, C. J., Radesky, J., Diaz-Linhart, Y., Tompson, M. C., O’Connor, E., & Silverstein, M. (2014). A qualitative study of parenting stress, coping, and discipline approaches among low-income traumatized mothers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 35, 189–196CrossRef

Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., & Lozano, R. (Eds.). (2002). World report on violence and health. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241545615eng.pdf

Lavie, T., Nuttman-Shwartz, A., & Dekel, R. (2015). “A sheltered space”—a therapeutic intervention in a shared traumatic reality. Society and Welfare, 35(2), 261–284

Lazarus, R. S. (2006). Stress and emotion: a new synthesis. Springer

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer

Liga, F., Inguglia, C., Gugliandolo, M. C., Ingoglia, S., & Costa, S. (2019). The socialization of coping strategies in adolescence: the modeling role of parents. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 33, 47–58CrossRef

MacDermid Wadsworth, S. M. (2010). Family risk and resilience in the context of war and terrorism. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 537–556CrossRef

Moscardino, U., Axia, G., Scrimm, S., & Capello, F. (2007). Narratives from caregivers of children surviving the terrorist attack in Beslan: issues of health, culture, and resilience. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1776–1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.024CrossRef

Murphy, K. M., Rodrigues, K., Costigan, J., & Annan, J. (2017). Raising children in conflict: an integrative model of parenting in war. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23(1), 46–57CrossRef

Nanda, M. M., Kotchick, B. A., & Grover, R. L. (2012). Parental psychological control and childhood anxiety: the mediating role of perceived lack of control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9516-6CrossRef

Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207–239CrossRef

Panter-Brick, C., Goodman, A., Tol, W., & Eggerman, M. (2011). Mental health and childhood adversities: a longitudinal study in Kabul, Afghanistan. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 349–363CrossRef

Paryente, B., & Gatenio-Kalush, M. (2019). The subjective experiences and reactions of kindergarten children during and after a period of continuous missile attacks. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12(4), 425–437CrossRef

Pat-Horenzyk, R., Achitov, M., Peretz-Asoulin, L., Kaminer, C., Kaplansky, M., Rosenblatt, O., & Brom, D. (2016). The effects of ongoing war and terrorism on young children and their mothers: three communities under fire. Megamot, 50, 25–53

Samuelson, K., Wilson, C., Padrón, E., Lee, S., & Gavron, L. (2016). Maternal PTSD and children’s adjustment: parenting stress and emotional availability as proposed mediators. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 693–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22369CrossRefPubMed

Scheeringa, M. S., & Zeanah, C. H. (2001). A relational perspective on PTSD in early childhood. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 799–815CrossRef

Shechory-Bitton, M. (2013). The impact of repetitive and chronic exposure to terror attacks on Israeli mothers’ and children’s functioning. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Science, 50, 157–164

Shechori-Bitton, M. (2016). Parents and children coping with ongoing exposure to security-related stress in the Judea and Samaria settlements. Judea and Samaria Studies, 25(2), 225–241

Shechori-Bitton, M., & Laufer, A. (2015). Evacuation due to exposure to a long-term security risk and its association with distress measures among children in the South of Israel. Society and Welfare, 35(2), 203–230

Shkedi, A. (2003). Words that reach out: qualitative research—theories and applications. Ramot

Shkedi, A. (2010). Multiple case narratives: a qualitative approach to studying multiple populations. John Benjamins

Shlasky, S., & Alpert, B. (2007). Methods for writing a qualitative study—deconstructing reality and reconstructing it as text. MOFET Institute

Sim, A., Fazel, M., Bowes, L., & Gardner, F. (2018). Pathways linking war and displacement to parenting and child adjustment: a qualitative study with Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Social Science & Medicine, 200, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.009CrossRef

Slone, M., & Mann, S. (2016). Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47, 950–965CrossRef

Walsh, F. (2007). Traumatic loss and major disasters: strengthening family and community resilience. Family Process, 46, 207–227CrossRef

Williams, N. (2010). Establishing the boundaries and building bridges: a literature review on ecological theory: Implications for research into the refugee parenting experience. Journal of Child Health Care, 14(1), 35–51CrossRef

Titel: Parenting Experiences under Ongoing Life-threatening Conditions of Missile Attacks
Auteur: Bilha Paryente
Publicatiedatum: 14-05-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2021
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01974-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2021

Dialectical Processes in Parent-child Relationships among Somali Families in Sweden

Correlates of Relational and Physical Aggression among Peers and Dating Partners in a College Sample

Parental Self-regulation and the Promotion of Healthy Routines in Early Childhood

How Active Duty U.S. Army Fathers’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Child Development Influence Parenting Practices

Validation of the Actually Received Support Scale for Chinese Adolescents Experiencing School Bullying

Increases in Maternal Education and Child Behavioral and Academic Outcomes