Top

Gepubliceerd in:

19-12-2016 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness in Daily Life: a Multidimensional Approach

Auteurs: Elisabeth S. Blanke, Annette Brose

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 3/2017

Abstract

Trait mindfulness is often conceptualized to comprise multiple facets such as attention to and acceptance of present-moment experiences. State mindfulness however is mostly conceptualized as unidimensional. As research on trait mindfulness indicates that differentiating aspects of mindfulness deepens our understanding of its associations with well-being, we tested the presence of four facets at both, the trait and the state level: acting with awareness, nonjudgmental acceptance, present-moment attention, and nonreactivity. Via an experience-sampling technology, 70 participants (aged 20–30 years, 50% female) reported their state mindfulness six times a day for several days. In multiple multilevel confirmatory factor analyses, three of the four facets were corroborated at both levels of analysis. The final three-factor model including acting with awareness, nonjudgmental acceptance, and present-moment attention was superior to a one-factor model implying that state mindfulness can be conceptualized as multidimensional. A multidimensional state assessment will likely be informative for future research questions.

vorige artikel The Shape of Change in Perceived Stress, Negative Affect, and Stress Sensitivity During Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

volgende artikel Effectiveness and Usability of a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Families Living with Mental Illness

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11, 191–206. doi:10.1177/1073191104268029.CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504.CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329–342. doi:10.1177/1073191107313003.CrossRefPubMed

Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2013). The assessment of mindfulness with self-report measures: existing scales and open issues. Mindfulness, 4, 191–202. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0110-9.CrossRef

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bph077.

Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. Assessment, 18, 308–320. doi:10.1177/1073191111408231.CrossRefPubMed

Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 579–616. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030.CrossRefPubMed

Brose, A., Voelkle, M. C., Lövdén, M., Lindenberger, U., & Schmiedek, F. (2015). Differences in the between‐person and within‐person structures of affect are a matter of degree. European Journal of Personality, 29, 55–71. doi:10.1002/per.1961.CrossRef

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 242–248. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph078.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211–237. doi:10.1080/10478400701598298.CrossRef

Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., Walach, H., & (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (vipassana) and meditation-based psychotherapy: the development of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research, 1, 11–34. Retrived from. http://www.smmr.de/journal-for-meditation-and-meditation-research-2/

Cameron, C. D., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2015). Mindfulness facets predict helping behavior and distinct helping-related emotions. Mindfulness, 6, 1211–1218. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0383-2.CrossRef

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223. doi:10.1177/1073191107311467.CrossRefPubMed

Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23–33. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7.CrossRefPubMed

Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1, 177–182. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4.CrossRef

Chadwick, P., Hember, M., Mead, S., Lilley, B., & Dagnan, D. (2005). Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Mindfulness Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript.

Conner, T., & Barrett, L. F. (2012). Trends in ambulatory self-report: understanding the utility of momentary experiences, memories, and beliefs. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 327–337. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182546f18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Davidson, R. J., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2015). Conceptual and methodological issues in research on mindfulness and meditation. American Psychologist, 70, 581–592. doi:10.1037/a0039512.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Delespaul, P. A. E. G. (1995). Assessing schizophrenia in daily life: the experience sampling method (Doctoral dissertation). Maastricht: University of Limburg. Retrived from http://pub.maastrichtuniversity.nl/ 3b3255e1-8ee8-4675-8c3b-9f093afb355d

Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Peters, J. R., Chamberlain, K. D., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2016a). Weekly fluctuations in nonjudging predict borderline personality disorder feature expression in women. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(1), 149–157. doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9505-y.CrossRefPubMed

Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Peters, J. R., Pond, R. S., Jr., & DeWall, C. N. (2016b). Both trait and state mindfulness predict lower aggressiveness via anger rumination: a multilevel mediation analysis. Mindfulness, 7, 713–726. doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0508-x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2012). Mindfulness Process Questionnaire: a preliminary investigation of the process of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 3, 30–43. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0163-9.CrossRef

Feldman, G. C., Hayes, A. M., Kumar, S. M., & Greeson, J. M. (2004). Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale. Unpublished manuscript.

Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: the development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29, 177–190. doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8.CrossRef

Frewen, P., Hargraves, H., DePierro, J., D’Andrea, W., & Flodrowski, L. (2016). Meditation Breath Attention Scores (MBAS): development and investigation of an internet-based assessment of focused attention during meditation practice. Psychological Assessment, 28, 830–840. doi:10.1037/pas0000283.CrossRefPubMed

Grossman, P. (2011). Defining mindfulness by how poorly I think I pay attention during everyday awareness and other intractable problems for psychology’s (re)invention of mindfulness: comment on Brown et al. (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23, 1034–1040. doi:10.1037/a0022713.CrossRefPubMed

Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35–43. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7.CrossRefPubMed

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.CrossRef

Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 310–325. doi:10.1037/a0031313.CrossRefPubMed

Hülsheger, U. R., Lang, J. W. B., Depenbrock, F., Fehrmann, C., Zijlstra, F. R. H., & Alberts, H. J. E. M. (2014). The power of presence: the role of mindfulness at work for daily levels and change trajectories of psychological detachment and sleep quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 1113–1128. doi:10.1037/a0037702.CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your mind and body to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delacorte.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 144–156. doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016.

Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330, 932–932. doi:10.1126/science.1192439.CrossRefPubMed

Lacaille, J., Sadikaj, G., Nishioka, M., Flanders, J., & Knäuper, B. (2015). Measuring mindful responding in daily life: validation of the Daily Mindful Responding Scale (DMRS). Mindfulness, 6, 1422–1436. doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0416-5.CrossRef

Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1445–1467. doi:10.1002/jclp.20326.CrossRefPubMed

Levinson, D. B., Stoll, E. L., Kindy, S. D., Merry, H. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2014). A mind you can count on: validating breath counting as a behavioral measure of mindfulness. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1202–1202. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01202.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Nachtigall, C. (2008). Die deutsche Version der Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS): Psychometrische Befunde zu einem Achtsamkeitsfragebogen. [German version of the Mindful Attention an Awareness Scale (MAAS)—psychometric evidence for a mindfulness questionnaire]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 37, 200–208. doi:10.1026/1616-3443.37.3.200.CrossRef

Molenaar, P. C. M. (2004). A manifesto on psychology as idiographic science: bringing the person back into scientific psychology, this time forever. Measurement, 2, 201–218. doi:10.1207/s15366359mea0204_1.

Muthén, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods Research, 22, 376–398. doi:10.1177/0049124194022003006.CrossRef

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2011). Mplus User’s Guide. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Muthén, B. O., & Satorra, A. (1995). Complex sample data in structural equation modeling. Sociological Methodology, 25, 267–316. doi:10.2307/271070.CrossRef

Myin-Germeys, I., Nicolson, N. A., & Delespaul, P. A. (2001). The context of delusional experiences in the daily life of patients with schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 31, 489–498. doi:10.1017/S0033291701003646.CrossRefPubMed

Peirce, J. W. (2007). PsychoPy: psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162, 8–13. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rauers, A., Blanke, E., & Riediger, M. (2013). Everyday empathic accuracy in younger and older couples: do you need to see your partner to know his or her feelings? Psychological Science, 24, 2210–2217. doi:10.1177/0956797613490747.CrossRefPubMed

Riediger, M., Schmiedek, F., Wagner, G. G., & Lindenberger, U. (2009). Seeking pleasure and seeking pain: differences in prohedonic and contra-hedonic motivation from adolescence to old age. Psychological Science, 20, 1529–1535. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02473.x.CrossRefPubMed

Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Belief and feeling: evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 934–960. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.128.6.934.CrossRefPubMed

Sauer, S., Walach, H., Schmidt, S., Hinterberger, T., Lynch, S., Büssing, A., & Kohls, N. (2013). Assessment of mindfulness: review on state of the art. Mindfulness, 4, 3–17. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0122-5.CrossRef

Schroevers, M. J., & Brandsma, R. (2010). Is learning mindfulness associated with improved affect after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy? British Journal of Psychology, 101, 95–107. doi:10.1348/000712609x424195.CrossRefPubMed

Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford.

Snippe, E., Bos, E. H., van der Ploeg, K. M., Sanderman, R., Fleer, J., & Schroevers, M. J. (2015a). Time-series analysis of daily changes in mindfulness, repetitive thinking, and depressive symptoms during mindfulness-based treatment. Mindfulness, 6, 1053–1062. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0354-7.CrossRef

Snippe, E., Nyklíček, I., Schroevers, M. J., & Bos, E. H. (2015b). The temporal order of change in daily mindfulness and affect during mindfulness-based stress reduction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62, 106–114. doi:10.1037/cou0000057.CrossRefPubMed

Ströhle, G., Nachtigall, C., Michalak, J., & Heidenreich, T. (2010). Die Erfassung von Achtsamkeit als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt: Die deutsche Version des Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS-D). [The assessment of mindfulness as a multidimensional construct. The German version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skill (KIMS)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 39, 1–12. doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000001.CrossRef

Tanay, G., & Bernstein, A. (2013). State Mindfulness Scale (SMS): development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 25, 1286–1299. doi:10.1037/a0034044.CrossRefPubMed

Tran, U. S., Glück, T. M., & Nader, I. W. (2013). Investigating the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ): construction of a short form and evidence of a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 951–965. doi:10.1002/jclp.21996.CrossRefPubMed

Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness: the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543–1555. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025.CrossRef

Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374–385. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008.CrossRef

Wilhelm, P., & Schoebi, D. (2007). Assessing mood in daily life—structural validity, sensitivity to change, and reliability of a short scale to measure three basic dimensions of mood. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 258–267. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.23.4.258.CrossRef

Wrzus, C., Wagner, G. G., & Riediger, M. (2014). Feeling good when sleeping in? Day-to-day associations between sleep duration and affective well-being differ from youth to old age. Emotion, 14, 624–628. doi:10.1037/a0035349.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Mindfulness in Daily Life: a Multidimensional Approach
Auteurs: Elisabeth S. Blanke
Annette Brose
Publicatiedatum: 19-12-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 3/2017
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0651-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2017

Dimensions of Mindfulness and Their Relations with Psychological Well-Being and Neuroticism

Just Hearing

Trait Mindfulness and Self-Compassion as Moderators of the Association Between Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Health

Does Time Perspective Predict Life Satisfaction? A Study Including Mindfulness as a Measure of Time Experience in a Sample of Catalan Students

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Effectiveness and Usability of a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Families Living with Mental Illness