Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 1/2013

01-03-2013 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Assessment of Mindfulness: Review on State of the Art

Auteurs: Sebastian Sauer, Harald Walach, Stefan Schmidt, Thilo Hinterberger, Siobhan Lynch, Arndt Büssing, Niko Kohls

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 1/2013

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Although alternative methods have been proposed, mindfulness is predominantly measured by means of self-assessment instruments. Until now, several scales have been published and to some degree also psychometrically validated. The number of scales reflects the widespread research interest. While some authors have started to compare the underlying concepts and operationalizations of these scales, up to now no overview has been presented describing, contrasting, and evaluating the different methodological approaches towards measuring mindfulness including questionnaires and alternative approaches. In light of this, the present article summarizes the state of mindfulness measurement. Recommendations on how current measurement practice may be improved are provided, as well as recommendations as to what measurement instruments are deemed to be most appropriate for a particular research context.
Literatuur
go back to reference Analayo, V. (2003). Satipatthana: The direct path to realization. Birmingham: Windhorse. Analayo, V. (2003). Satipatthana: The direct path to realization. Birmingham: Windhorse.
go back to reference Atmanspacher, H., & Fach, W. (2005). Acategoriality as mental instability. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 26(3), 181–206. Atmanspacher, H., & Fach, W. (2005). Acategoriality as mental instability. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 26(3), 181–206.
go back to reference Austin, E. J., Deary, I. J., & Egan, V. (2006). Individual differences in response scale use: mixed rasch modelling of responses to neo-ffi items. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1235–1245.CrossRef Austin, E. J., Deary, I. J., & Egan, V. (2006). Individual differences in response scale use: mixed rasch modelling of responses to neo-ffi items. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1235–1245.CrossRef
go back to reference Baer, R. A. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206.PubMedCrossRef Baer, R. A. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–191.PubMedCrossRef Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–191.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45.PubMedCrossRef Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, S., Brown, K. W., Krusemark, E., Campbell, W. K., & Rogge, R. D. (2007). The role of mindfulness in romantic relationship satisfaction and responses to relationship stress. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(4), 482–500.PubMedCrossRef Barnes, S., Brown, K. W., Krusemark, E., Campbell, W. K., & Rogge, R. D. (2007). The role of mindfulness in romantic relationship satisfaction and responses to relationship stress. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(4), 482–500.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baum, C., Kuyken, W., Bohus, M., Heidenreich, T., Michalak, J., & Steil, R. (2010). The psychometric properties of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in clinical populations. Assessment, 17(2), 220. Baum, C., Kuyken, W., Bohus, M., Heidenreich, T., Michalak, J., & Steil, R. (2010). The psychometric properties of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in clinical populations. Assessment, 17(2), 220.
go back to reference Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Speca, M., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241.CrossRef Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Speca, M., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241.CrossRef
go back to reference Bodner, T., & Langer, E. (2001). Individual differences in mindfulness: the Langer mindfulness scale. Toronto, Canada. Bodner, T., & Langer, E. (2001). Individual differences in mindfulness: the Langer mindfulness scale. Toronto, Canada.
go back to reference Bohlmeijer, E., Prenger, R., Taal, E., & Cuijpers, P. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(6), 539–544.PubMedCrossRef Bohlmeijer, E., Prenger, R., Taal, E., & Cuijpers, P. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(6), 539–544.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Mahwah: LEA. Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Mahwah: LEA.
go back to reference Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson, T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Marlatt, G. A., et al. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343–347.PubMedCrossRef Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Dillworth, T. M., Chawla, N., Simpson, T. L., Ostafin, B. D., Marlatt, G. A., et al. (2006). Mindfulness meditation and substance use in an incarcerated population. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 343–347.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.PubMedCrossRef Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 242–242.CrossRef Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 11(3), 242–242.CrossRef
go back to reference Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Loverich, T. M., Biegel, G. M., & West, A. M. (2011). Out of the armchair and into the streets: measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: reply to Grossman (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1041–1046. doi:10.1037/a0025781.CrossRef Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Loverich, T. M., Biegel, G. M., & West, A. M. (2011). Out of the armchair and into the streets: measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: reply to Grossman (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1041–1046. doi:10.​1037/​a0025781.CrossRef
go back to reference Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: validation of an adapted mindful attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.1037/a0021338. Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: validation of an adapted mindful attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment. doi:10.​1037/​a0021338.
go back to reference Buber, M. (2004). I and thou. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Buber, M. (2004). I and thou. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
go back to reference Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation-based psychotherapy: the development of the freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research, 1(1), 11–34. Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation-based psychotherapy: the development of the freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research, 1(1), 11–34.
go back to reference Burke, C. A. (2010). Mindfulness-based approaches with children and adolescents: a preliminary review of current research in an emergent field. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 133–144.CrossRef Burke, C. A. (2010). Mindfulness-based approaches with children and adolescents: a preliminary review of current research in an emergent field. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 133–144.CrossRef
go back to reference Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008a). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223.PubMedCrossRef Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008a). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cardaciotto, L. A., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008b). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204.PubMedCrossRef Cardaciotto, L. A., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008b). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (dheas) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(4), 448–474.PubMedCrossRef Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (dheas) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(4), 448–474.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2009). How long does a mindfulness based stress reduction program need to be? A review of class contact hours and effect sizes for psychological distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 627–638.PubMedCrossRef Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2009). How long does a mindfulness based stress reduction program need to be? A review of class contact hours and effect sizes for psychological distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 627–638.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carter, O. L., Presti, D. E., Callistemon, C., Ungerer, Y., Liu, G. B., & Pettigrew, J. D. (2005). Meditation alters perceptual rivalry in tibetan buddhist monks. Current Biology, 15(11), R412–R413.PubMedCrossRef Carter, O. L., Presti, D. E., Callistemon, C., Ungerer, Y., Liu, G. B., & Pettigrew, J. D. (2005). Meditation alters perceptual rivalry in tibetan buddhist monks. Current Biology, 15(11), R412–R413.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chadwick, P., Hember, M., Lilley, B., & Dagnan, D. (2005). Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the mindfulness questionnaire: Unpublished Manuscript. Chadwick, P., Hember, M., Lilley, B., & Dagnan, D. (2005). Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the mindfulness questionnaire: Unpublished Manuscript.
go back to reference Chadwick, P., Hember, M., Symes, J., Peters, E., Kuipers, E., & Dagnan, D. (2008). Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(4), 451–455.PubMedCrossRef Chadwick, P., Hember, M., Symes, J., Peters, E., Kuipers, E., & Dagnan, D. (2008). Responding mindfully to unpleasant thoughts and images: reliability and validity of the Southampton mindfulness questionnaire (SMQ). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(4), 451–455.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464.PubMedCrossRef Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Choi, S. W., Gibbons, L. E., & Crane, P. K. (2011). Lordif: An R package for detecting differential item functioning using iterative hybrid ordinal logistic regression/item response theory and Monte Carlo simulations (R package version 0.2-1). Journal of Statistical Software, 39(8), 1.PubMed Choi, S. W., Gibbons, L. E., & Crane, P. K. (2011). Lordif: An R package for detecting differential item functioning using iterative hybrid ordinal logistic regression/item response theory and Monte Carlo simulations (R package version 0.2-1). Journal of Statistical Software, 39(8), 1.PubMed
go back to reference Collins, S. E., Chawla, N., Hsu, S. H., Grow, J., Otto, J. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (2009). Language-based measures of mindfulness: initial validity and clinical utility. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 743–749.PubMedCrossRef Collins, S. E., Chawla, N., Hsu, S. H., Grow, J., Otto, J. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (2009). Language-based measures of mindfulness: initial validity and clinical utility. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 743–749.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thoousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thoousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Didonna, F. (2008). Clinical handbook of mindfulness. Berlin: Springer. Didonna, F. (2008). Clinical handbook of mindfulness. Berlin: Springer.
go back to reference Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J. I., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. Neuroimage, 26(2), 471–479.PubMedCrossRef Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J. I., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. Neuroimage, 26(2), 471–479.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Farb, N. A. S., Segal, Z. V., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., Fatima, Z., & Anderson, A. K. (2007). Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2(4), 313–322.PubMedCrossRef Farb, N. A. S., Segal, Z. V., Mayberg, H., Bean, J., McKeon, D., Fatima, Z., & Anderson, A. K. (2007). Attending to the present: mindfulness meditation reveals distinct neural modes of self-reference. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2(4), 313–322.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fink, S., Foran, K. A., Sweeney, A. C., & O’Hea, E. L. (2009). Sexual body esteem and mindfulness in college women. Body Image, 6(4), 326–329.PubMedCrossRef Fink, S., Foran, K. A., Sweeney, A. C., & O’Hea, E. L. (2009). Sexual body esteem and mindfulness in college women. Body Image, 6(4), 326–329.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Finucane, A., & Mercer, S. (2006). An exploratory mixed methods study of the acceptability and effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with active depression and anxiety in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 6(1), 14.PubMedCrossRef Finucane, A., & Mercer, S. (2006). An exploratory mixed methods study of the acceptability and effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with active depression and anxiety in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 6(1), 14.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fischer, G. H., & Molenaar, I. W. (1995). Rasch models: Foundations, recent developments, and applications. Berlin: Springer. Fischer, G. H., & Molenaar, I. W. (1995). Rasch models: Foundations, recent developments, and applications. Berlin: Springer.
go back to reference Fitzpatrick, L., Simpson, J., & Smith, A. (2010). A qualitative analysis of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in Parkinson’s disease. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(2), 179–192.CrossRef Fitzpatrick, L., Simpson, J., & Smith, A. (2010). A qualitative analysis of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in Parkinson’s disease. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(2), 179–192.CrossRef
go back to reference Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S., & Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439–1444.PubMedCrossRef Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S., & Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439–1444.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Friedman, M. S. (2002). Martin buber: The life of dialogue. London: Routledge. Friedman, M. S. (2002). Martin buber: The life of dialogue. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Gilbert, B. D., & Christopher, M. S. (2009). Mindfulness-based attention as a moderator of the relationship between depressive affect and negative cognitions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(6), 514–521.CrossRef Gilbert, B. D., & Christopher, M. S. (2009). Mindfulness-based attention as a moderator of the relationship between depressive affect and negative cognitions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(6), 514–521.CrossRef
go back to reference Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: development and validation of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (camm). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606–614. doi:10.1037/a0022819.PubMedCrossRef Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: development and validation of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (camm). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606–614. doi:10.​1037/​a0022819.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grossman, P. (2008). On measuring mindfulness in psychosomatic and psychological research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(4), 405–408.PubMedCrossRef Grossman, P. (2008). On measuring mindfulness in psychosomatic and psychological research. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(4), 405–408.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grossman, P. (2011). Defining mindfulness by how poorly I think I pay attention during everyday awareness and other intractable problems for psychology’s (re)invention of mindfulness: comment on Brown et al. (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1034–1040. doi:10.1037/a0022713.PubMedCrossRef Grossman, P. (2011). Defining mindfulness by how poorly I think I pay attention during everyday awareness and other intractable problems for psychology’s (re)invention of mindfulness: comment on Brown et al. (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1034–1040. doi:10.​1037/​a0022713.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Grossman, P., & Van Dam, N. T. (2011). Mindfulness, by any other name…: trials and tribulations of sati in western psychology and science. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(01), 219–239.CrossRef Grossman, P., & Van Dam, N. T. (2011). Mindfulness, by any other name…: trials and tribulations of sati in western psychology and science. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(01), 219–239.CrossRef
go back to reference Güthlin, C. (2004). Response shift: Alte probleme der veränderungsmessung, neu angewendet auf gesundheitsbezogene lebensqualiät. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 13(4), 165–174. Güthlin, C. (2004). Response shift: Alte probleme der veränderungsmessung, neu angewendet auf gesundheitsbezogene lebensqualiät. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 13(4), 165–174.
go back to reference Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Springer. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Springer.
go back to reference Höfling, V., Moosbrugger, H., Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Heidenreich, T. (2011). Mindfulness or mindlessness? European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(1), 59–64.CrossRef Höfling, V., Moosbrugger, H., Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Heidenreich, T. (2011). Mindfulness or mindlessness? European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(1), 59–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.PubMedCrossRef Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hölzel, B., Ott, U., Gard, T., Hempel, H., Weygandt, M., Morgen, K., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3(1), 55–61.PubMedCrossRef Hölzel, B., Ott, U., Gard, T., Hempel, H., Weygandt, M., Morgen, K., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3(1), 55–61.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Huffziger, S., & Kuehner, C. (2009). Rumination, distraction, and mindful self-focus in depressed patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 224–230.PubMedCrossRef Huffziger, S., & Kuehner, C. (2009). Rumination, distraction, and mindful self-focus in depressed patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 224–230.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Irving, J. A., Dobkin, P. L., & Park, J. (2009). Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: a review of empirical studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (mbsr). Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(2), 61–66.PubMedCrossRef Irving, J. A., Dobkin, P. L., & Park, J. (2009). Cultivating mindfulness in health care professionals: a review of empirical studies of mindfulness-based stress reduction (mbsr). Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(2), 61–66.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109–119.CrossRef Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109–119.CrossRef
go back to reference Jimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645–650.CrossRef Jimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 645–650.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness: How to cope with stress, pain and illness using mindfulness meditation. New York: Delta. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness: How to cope with stress, pain and illness using mindfulness meditation. New York: Delta.
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Wherever you go, there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Wherever you go, there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.
go back to reference Kockelmans, J. J., & Husserl, E. (1994). Edmund husserl’s phenomenology. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. Kockelmans, J. J., & Husserl, E. (1994). Edmund husserl’s phenomenology. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
go back to reference Kohls, N., Hack, A., & Walach, H. (2008). Measuring the unmeasurable by ticking boxes and opening pandora’s box? Mixed methods research as a useful tool for investigating exceptional and spiritual experiences. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 30(1), 155–187.CrossRef Kohls, N., Hack, A., & Walach, H. (2008). Measuring the unmeasurable by ticking boxes and opening pandora’s box? Mixed methods research as a useful tool for investigating exceptional and spiritual experiences. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 30(1), 155–187.CrossRef
go back to reference Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
go back to reference Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L. E., Devins, G., et al. (2006). The toronto mindfulness scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445–1468.PubMedCrossRef Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L. E., Devins, G., et al. (2006). The toronto mindfulness scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445–1468.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leigh, J., Bowen, S., & Marlatt, G. A. (2005). Spirituality, mindfulness and substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 30(7), 1335–1341.PubMedCrossRef Leigh, J., Bowen, S., & Marlatt, G. A. (2005). Spirituality, mindfulness and substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 30(7), 1335–1341.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Levesque, C., & Brown, K. W. (2007). Mindfulness as a moderator of the effect of implicit motivational self-concept on day-to-day behavioral motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 31(4), 284–299.CrossRef Levesque, C., & Brown, K. W. (2007). Mindfulness as a moderator of the effect of implicit motivational self-concept on day-to-day behavioral motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 31(4), 284–299.CrossRef
go back to reference Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford. Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Lynch, S., Gander, M.-L., Kohls, N., Kudielka, B., & Walach, H. (2011). Mindfulness-based coping with university life: a non-randomized wait-list-controlled pilot evaluation. Stress and Health, 40–41. doi:10.1002/smi.1382. Lynch, S., Gander, M.-L., Kohls, N., Kudielka, B., & Walach, H. (2011). Mindfulness-based coping with university life: a non-randomized wait-list-controlled pilot evaluation. Stress and Health, 40–41. doi:10.​1002/​smi.​1382.
go back to reference Mars, T. S., & Abbey, H. (2010). Mindfulness meditation practise as a healthcare intervention: a systematic review. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 13(2), 56–66.CrossRef Mars, T. S., & Abbey, H. (2010). Mindfulness meditation practise as a healthcare intervention: a systematic review. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 13(2), 56–66.CrossRef
go back to reference Matousek, R. H., Pruessner, J. C., & Dobkin, P. L. (2011). Changes in the cortisol awakening response (car) following participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction in women who completed treatment for breast cancer. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 65–70. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.10.005.PubMedCrossRef Matousek, R. H., Pruessner, J. C., & Dobkin, P. L. (2011). Changes in the cortisol awakening response (car) following participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction in women who completed treatment for breast cancer. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 65–70. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ctcp.​2010.​10.​005.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Michell, J. (2005). Measurement in psychology: A critical history of a methodological concept. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michell, J. (2005). Measurement in psychology: A critical history of a methodological concept. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., Höfer, S., & Schüssler, G. (2009). When you don’t like what you feel: experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 448–453.CrossRef Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., Höfer, S., & Schüssler, G. (2009). When you don’t like what you feel: experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 448–453.CrossRef
go back to reference Morone, N. E., Lynch, C. S., Greco, C. M., Tindle, H. A., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). I felt like a new person. The effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries. The Journal of Pain, 9(9), 841–848.PubMedCrossRef Morone, N. E., Lynch, C. S., Greco, C. M., Tindle, H. A., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). I felt like a new person. The effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries. The Journal of Pain, 9(9), 841–848.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nyklícek, I., & Kuijpers, K. F. (2008). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: Is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 35(3), 331–340.CrossRef Nyklícek, I., & Kuijpers, K. F. (2008). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: Is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 35(3), 331–340.CrossRef
go back to reference Offenbächer, M., Sauer, S., Hieblinger, R., Hufford, D. J., Walach, H., & Kohls, N. (2011). Spirituality and the international classification of functioning, disability and health: content comparison of questionnaires measuring mindfulness based on the international classification of functioning. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-12. Offenbächer, M., Sauer, S., Hieblinger, R., Hufford, D. J., Walach, H., & Kohls, N. (2011). Spirituality and the international classification of functioning, disability and health: content comparison of questionnaires measuring mindfulness based on the international classification of functioning. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-12.
go back to reference Ong, J. C., Shapiro, S. L., & Manber, R. (2009). Mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a naturalistic 12-month follow-up. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 5(1), 30–36.CrossRef Ong, J. C., Shapiro, S. L., & Manber, R. (2009). Mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a naturalistic 12-month follow-up. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 5(1), 30–36.CrossRef
go back to reference Oort, F. J., Visser, M. R. M., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2009). Formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(11), 1126–1137.PubMedCrossRef Oort, F. J., Visser, M. R. M., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2009). Formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(11), 1126–1137.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ott, U., Hölzel, B. K., & Vaitl, D. (2011). Brain structure and meditation: How spiritual practice shapes the brain. In H. Walach, S. Schmidt, & W. B. Jonas (Eds.), Neuroscience, consciousness and spritiuality (pp. 119–128). Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRef Ott, U., Hölzel, B. K., & Vaitl, D. (2011). Brain structure and meditation: How spiritual practice shapes the brain. In H. Walach, S. Schmidt, & W. B. Jonas (Eds.), Neuroscience, consciousness and spritiuality (pp. 119–128). Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen: Nielsen & Lydiche. Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen: Nielsen & Lydiche.
go back to reference Reavley, N., & Pallant, J. (2009). Development of a scale to assess the meditation experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 552. 547.CrossRef Reavley, N., & Pallant, J. (2009). Development of a scale to assess the meditation experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 552. 547.CrossRef
go back to reference Salloway, S. G., & Fischer, W. P. (2007). Mindfulness practice: a rasch variable construct innovation. Journal of Applied Measurement, 8(4), 359–372. Salloway, S. G., & Fischer, W. P. (2007). Mindfulness practice: a rasch variable construct innovation. Journal of Applied Measurement, 8(4), 359–372.
go back to reference Sauer, S., Walach, H., Offenbächer, M., Lynch, S., & Kohls, N. (2011). Measuring mindfulness: a rasch analysis of the freiburg mindfulness inventory. Religions, 2(4), 693–706. doi:10.3390/rel2040693.CrossRef Sauer, S., Walach, H., Offenbächer, M., Lynch, S., & Kohls, N. (2011). Measuring mindfulness: a rasch analysis of the freiburg mindfulness inventory. Religions, 2(4), 693–706. doi:10.​3390/​rel2040693.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt, S. (2011). Mindfulness in east and west—it is the same? In H. Walach, S. Schmidt, & W. B. Jonas (Eds.), Neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality (pp. 23–39). New York: Springer.CrossRef Schmidt, S. (2011). Mindfulness in east and west—it is the same? In H. Walach, S. Schmidt, & W. B. Jonas (Eds.), Neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality (pp. 23–39). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., Williams, J. M., & Gemar, M. C. (2002). The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy adherence scale: inter-rater reliability, adherence to protocol and treatment distinctiveness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9(2). Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., Williams, J. M., & Gemar, M. C. (2002). The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy adherence scale: inter-rater reliability, adherence to protocol and treatment distinctiveness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9(2).
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse: The Guilford Press. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapse: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Sepp, H. R., & Embree, L. (2010). Handbook of phenomenological aesthetics. Berlin: Springer.CrossRef Sepp, H. R., & Embree, L. (2010). Handbook of phenomenological aesthetics. Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862.PubMedCrossRef Shapiro, S. L., Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Plante, T. G., & Flinders, T. (2008). Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well-being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(7), 840–862.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Solloway, S. (2001). Mindfulness, the hermeneutic imagination and jouissance: action inquiry and transformations in classroom practice. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 17(4), 155–170. Solloway, S. (2001). Mindfulness, the hermeneutic imagination and jouissance: action inquiry and transformations in classroom practice. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 17(4), 155–170.
go back to reference Sudsuang, R., Chentanez, V., & Veluvan, K. (1991). Effect of buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time. Physiology and Behavior, 50(3), 543–548.PubMedCrossRef Sudsuang, R., Chentanez, V., & Veluvan, K. (1991). Effect of buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time. Physiology and Behavior, 50(3), 543–548.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Fan, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J., Feng, S., Fan, M., et al. (2009). Central and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 106(22), 8865–8870.CrossRef Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Fan, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J., Feng, S., Fan, M., et al. (2009). Central and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 106(22), 8865–8870.CrossRef
go back to reference Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Posner, M. I., et al. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(43), 17152–17156.CrossRef Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Posner, M. I., et al. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(43), 17152–17156.CrossRef
go back to reference Tang, Y. Y., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Attention training and attention state training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 222–227.PubMedCrossRef Tang, Y. Y., & Posner, M. I. (2009). Attention training and attention state training. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(5), 222–227.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Thera, N. (1993). Geistestraining durch achtsamkeit: Beyerlein und Steinschulte Thera, N. (1993). Geistestraining durch achtsamkeit: Beyerlein und Steinschulte
go back to reference Van Dam, N. T., Earleywine, M., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2009). Differential item function across meditators and non-meditators on the five facet mindfulness questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(5), 516–521.CrossRef Van Dam, N. T., Earleywine, M., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2009). Differential item function across meditators and non-meditators on the five facet mindfulness questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(5), 516–521.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Dam, N. T., Earleywine, M., & Borders, A. (2010). Measuring mindfulness? An item response theory analysis of the mindful attention awareness scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 805–810.CrossRef Van Dam, N. T., Earleywine, M., & Borders, A. (2010). Measuring mindfulness? An item response theory analysis of the mindful attention awareness scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 805–810.CrossRef
go back to reference Vidrine, J. I., Businelle, M., Cinciripini, P., Li, Y., Marcus, M., Waters, A., Wetter, D., et al. (2009). Associations of mindfulness with nicotine dependence, withdrawal, and agency. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 318–327.PubMedCrossRef Vidrine, J. I., Businelle, M., Cinciripini, P., Li, Y., Marcus, M., Waters, A., Wetter, D., et al. (2009). Associations of mindfulness with nicotine dependence, withdrawal, and agency. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 318–327.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vujanovic, A., Bonn-Miller, M., Bernstein, A., McKee, L., & Zvolensky, M. (2010). Incremental validity of mindfulness skills in relation to emotional dysregulation among a young adult community sample. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(3), 203–213.PubMedCrossRef Vujanovic, A., Bonn-Miller, M., Bernstein, A., McKee, L., & Zvolensky, M. (2010). Incremental validity of mindfulness skills in relation to emotional dysregulation among a young adult community sample. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(3), 203–213.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—the freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543–1555. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025.CrossRef Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness—the freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543–1555. doi:10.​1016/​j.​paid.​2005.​11.​025.CrossRef
go back to reference Walach, H., Ferrari, M. L. G., Sauer, S., & Kohls, N. (2012). Mind-body practices in integrative medicine. Religions, 3(1), 50–81.CrossRef Walach, H., Ferrari, M. L. G., Sauer, S., & Kohls, N. (2012). Mind-body practices in integrative medicine. Religions, 3(1), 50–81.CrossRef
go back to reference Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374–385.CrossRef Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374–385.CrossRef
go back to reference Witek-Janusek, L., Albuquerque, K., Chroniak, K. R., Chroniak, C., Durazo-Arvizu, R., & Mathews, H. L. (2008). Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 22(6), 969–981.PubMedCrossRef Witek-Janusek, L., Albuquerque, K., Chroniak, K. R., Chroniak, C., Durazo-Arvizu, R., & Mathews, H. L. (2008). Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 22(6), 969–981.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(2), 597–605.PubMedCrossRef Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(2), 597–605.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Assessment of Mindfulness: Review on State of the Art
Auteurs
Sebastian Sauer
Harald Walach
Stefan Schmidt
Thilo Hinterberger
Siobhan Lynch
Arndt Büssing
Niko Kohls
Publicatiedatum
01-03-2013
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0122-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2013

Mindfulness 1/2013 Naar de uitgave

ORTHOGONAL ROTATION IN CONSCIOUSNESS

Being Seen