Methods
Data Source
Data Analyses
Descriptive Analyses
Research Clusters
Thematic Evolution of Research over Time
Mindfulness Research Across Cultures
Research Impact and Focus Comparing US- and Chinese-Based Research
Results
Descriptive Analysis of Trait Mindfulness Research
Sources | Documents |
---|---|
Mindfulness | 247 |
Personality and Individual Differences | 99 |
Frontiers in Psychology | 54 |
Current Psychology | 23 |
PLOS One | 22 |
Psychosomatic Medicine | 17 |
Annals of Behavioral Medicine | 14 |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 13 |
Journal of American College Health | 13 |
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience | 13 |
Top documents cited by documents in the local network | |||||
First author | Year | DOI/ISBN | Local citations | Topic | ISO3 |
Brown KW | 2003 | 10.1037/0022–3514.84.4.822 | 889 | Scale development | USA |
Baer RA | 2006 | 10.1177/1073191105283504 | 707 | Scale development | USA |
Bishop SR | 2004 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPH077 | 461 | Mindfulness measurement conceptualization | CAN |
Brown KW | 2007 | 10.1080/10478400701598298 | 314 | Mindfulness and well-being | USA |
Kabat-Zinn J | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG016 | 308 | Mindfulness in clinical contexts | USA |
Baer RA | 2008 | 10.1177/1073191107313003 | 282 | Scale validation | USA |
Kabat-Zinn J | 1990 | 385,298,978 | 282 | Mindfulness theory | USA |
Kabat-Zinn J | 1994 | 9,781,400,000,000 | 250 | Mindfulness theory | USA |
Baer RA | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG015 | 229 | Mindfulness and well-being | USA |
Keng SL | 2011 | 10.1016/J.CPR.2011.04.006 | 216 | Mindfulness and well-being | USA |
Top cited documents present in the local network | |||||
First author | Year | DOI/ISBN | Local citations/WOS citations | Topic | ISO3 |
Brown KW | 2003 | 10.1037/0022–3514.84.4.822 | 889/4942 | Scale development | USA |
Creswell JD | 2007 | 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180f6171f | 145/439 | Affective labelling | USA |
Barnes S | 2007 | 10.1111/j.1752–0606.2007.00033.x | 113/306 | Relationship well-being | USA |
Tomlinson ER | 2018 | 10.1007/s12671-017–0762-6 | 86/119 | Well-being | GBR |
Shapiro SL | 2011 | 10.1002/jclp.20761 | 74/189 | Stress-reduction | USA |
Hulsheger UR | 2013 | 10.1037/a0031313 | 64/467 | Well-being | NLD |
Way BM | 2010 | 10.1037/a0018312 | 57/105 | Depression | USA |
Mrazek MD | 2012 | 10.1037/a0026678 | 54/261 | Construct validation | USA |
Murphy MJ | 2012 | 10.1080/07448481.2011.629260 | 51/77 | Physical health | USA |
Heppner WL | 2008 | 10.1002/ab.20258 | 135/45 | Aggression | USA |
General | General frequency | USA keywords | USA frequency | China keywords | China frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mindfulness | 933 | Mindfulness | 409 | Mindfulness | 72 |
Dispositional mindfulness | 118 | Stress | 41 | Dispositional mindfulness | 26 |
Depression | 107 | Depression | 36 | Trait mindfulness | 15 |
Stress | 97 | Meditation | 36 | Emotion regulation | 11 |
Anxiety | 93 | Anxiety | 35 | Adolescents | 10 |
Emotion regulation | 89 | Emotion regulation | 32 | Anxiety | 8 |
Meditation | 80 | Trait mindfulness | 24 | Depression | 8 |
Trait mindfulness | 63 | Dispositional mindfulness | 23 | Mediation | 8 |
Well-being | 50 | Substance use | 23 | Life satisfaction | 7 |
Attention | 44 | Attention | 19 | Mental health | 7 |
Adolescents | 42 | College students | 18 | Psychological distress | 6 |
Rumination | 40 | Well-being | 18 | Resilience | 6 |
Mental health | 34 | Coping | 13 | Rumination | 6 |
Self-compassion | 34 | Emotion | 13 | Stress | 6 |
Mediation | 33 | Mediation | 12 | Mediating effect | 5 |
Emotion | 32 | Adolescence | 11 | Mindful parenting | 5 |
Acceptance | 27 | Adolescents | 11 | Perceived stress | 5 |
Substance use | 27 | Cortisol | 11 | Alexithymia | 4 |
Resilience | 26 | Personality | 11 | Ambulatory assessment | 4 |
Adolescence | 22 | Mental health | 10 | Oncology | 4 |
Identifying Research Themes and Trends
Temporal Changes in Trait Mindfulness Research
2005–2010 | |
---|---|
Label | Terms |
5-Factor model | 5-factor model, information, negative affect |
Cognitive therapy | cognitive therapy, major depression, stress reduction, individual-differences |
Depression | depression, intervention, prevention, relapse, experiential avoidance, rumination, symptoms, parasuicide, therapy |
Meditation | meditation, inventory, anxiety, disorders, follow-up, mood, quality-of-life, stress reduction program |
Personality | personality, consciousness, model, esteem |
Reduction | reduction, generalized anxiety disorder |
Self-report | self-report, awareness, metaanalysis, validation, amygdala, attention, dispositional mindfulness, prefrontal cortex, responses, scale |
2011–2021 | |
Adverse childhood experiences | adverse childhood experiences, hippocampal |
Depression | depression, anxiety, intervention, cognitive therapy, symptoms, therapy, acceptance, facets, rumination, quality-of-life, children, association, randomized controlled-trial, impact, adolescents, prevalence, associations, distress, commitment therapy, adults, disorders, mood, women, risk, resilience, chronic pain, posttraumatic-stress-disorder, psychological distress, predictors, psychopathology, sample, stress reduction mbsr, outcomes, students, people, population, ptsd, consequences, fear, individuals, management, weight-loss, adjustment, risk-factors, abuse, families, fit indexes, obesity, men, mothers, psychological, sleep, style, survivors, trauma, weight, comorbidity, cortisol, dialectical behavior-therapy, hospital anxiety, major depression, ptsd symptoms, smoking-cessation, stress reduction intervention, trial, anxiety sensitivity, blood-pressure, breast-cancer, child, consumption, disease, fatigue, follow-up, impulsivity, mediator, stress reduction program, youth, adherence, behaviors, flexibility, pregnancy, reduction mbsr, stress-reduction, version, veterans, young-children, achievement, cancer, depression scale, diagnosis, dysfunction, eating behavior, exercise, family, food, impairment, intensity, intimate partner violence, outpatients, postpartum, school, thoughts, vulnerability, wenchuan earthquake, anxiety disorders, awareness scale maas, behavior problems, cardiovascular-disease, cognitive emotion regulation, cognitive reactivity, common, decreases aggression, depressive relapse, desire, disturbance, duration, features, fit, functional dimensional approach, glycemic control, growth, hospital, implicit association test, index, marital conflict, mediators, mental-disorders, parents, pathology, positive psychology, postnatal, postnatal depression, psychological inflexibility, quarantine, state, trait-mindfulness, victimization, afghanistan, agreement, alternative medicine, appraisals, arousal, autism, bullying victimization, cancer recurrence, child-behavior, chinese, cognitive distraction, complementary, criteria, critical, deployment, dietary restraint, disaster, dsm-5, early maladaptive schemas, ecological momentary assessment, emotional distress, exposed adults, family caregivers, fear-avoidance, food-intake, hassles, help-seeking, hypersexual disorder, intellectual disability, inventory-ii, iraq, life-style, lung-cancer, marital-status, mediating, medication, mellitus, mental-health problems, national-guard, obese, participants, phq-9, physical-activity questionnaire, pilot, problems, psychological impact, randomized, reinforcement sensitivity theory, rheumatoid-arthritis, risk-factor, role, salivary, self-management, state worry questionnaire, stress-disorder, suicidal ideation, university-students |
Dispositional mindfulness | dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, stress, health, benefits, model, reduction, mental-health, trait mindfulness, self-compassion, responses, life, negative affect, satisfaction, work, attachment, mediating role, burnout, perceived stress, foundations, self-esteem, self-regulation, aggression, care, well, happiness, reactivity, conflict, experiences, life satisfaction, job-satisfaction, self-determination theory, insomnia, decision-making, job-performance, perceptions, young-adults, emotional intelligence, mechanical turk, positive affect, workplace, emotional exhaustion, engagement, events, self-control, work engagement, communication, connectedness, determinants, discrimination, models, moderating role, optimism, resources, antecedents, commitment, intelligence, perceived, posttraumatic growth, psychological resilience, recovery, self-care, support, african-american, big 5, defining mindfulness, function, high-reliability, implicit, information, inhibition, internet, internet addiction, intrinsic motivation, job demands, maltreatment, of-life, panas, personality-traits, self-determination, transition, use, abusive supervision, adult, climate-change, close relationships, cognitive therapy mbct, coping strategies, depressive, employee, experiences questionnaire, hong-kong, job, latent profile analysis, marriage, mbsr, multitasking, neurovisceral integration, nonattachment, nurses, physical health, pro-environmental behavior, pursuit, salivary alpha-amylase, search, social anxiety disorder, subjective vitality, trait resilience, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, university, adversity, autonomy, body awareness, broaden, challenges, child-development, chinese young-adults, compassion fatigue, components, comprehensive inventory, connor-davidson resilience, conservation, determination, disclosure, executive, facebook, functional assessment, generalized anxiety, green, hatha yoga, health-care professionals, health behaviors, healthy, heart-rate, high-school, immune, injustice, instruments, intention, intrinsic, judgments, justice, labor, leisure-time, literacy, long-term survivors, machiavellianism, measurement invariance, mental stress, method variance, mindfulness-based therapy, missing data, motor, need satisfaction, needs, negative emotions, organizational stressors, precision, problem behavior, problematic smartphone use, psychological detachment, regulatory focus, rhythm, romantic partners, scores, self-concordance, session presence, state mindfulness, stressors, supervision, task-performance, test–retest reliability, theory perspective, therapist mindfulness, therapists, time-course, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, workers |
Emotion | emotion, avoidance, regulation, physical-activity, experiential, shame, alexithymia, promotion, reflection, breast-cancer survivors, conditional process model, decision, feelings, incremental validity, perfectionism, posttraumatic-stress, psychology interventions, success |
Interventions | interventions, behavior, metaanalysis, program, quality, motivation, gender, psychological stress, cortisol responses, psychosocial stress, controlled-trial, interoceptive awareness, values, skills, teachers, body-image, sex-differences, anorexia-nervosa, eating, ego depletion, media, overweight, relaxation, classroom, compassion meditation, goals, high-risk, home-practice, interference, knowledge, objectification, participation, self-focus, transcendental-meditation |
Meditation | meditation, stress reduction, attention, mechanisms, performance, awareness, brain, experience, self, mind, psychology, working-memory capacity, positive emotions, task, heart-rate-variability, compassion, memory, prefrontal cortex, reappraisal, working-memory, older-adults, neural responses, pain, attentional control, attitudes, cognition, cognitive, functional connectivity, anterior cingulate, executive control, perception, sustained attention, cognitive control, education, neuroscience, thought, age, default mode network, efficiency, flow, fmri, neural, time, age-differences, amygdala, bias, cortex, default-mode network, enhancement, erp components, executive-control, response-inhibition, resting-state, science, top-down, activation, connectivity, dynamics, elementary-school students, emotion-regulation, mindfulness meditation, modulation, network, pictures, sport, stimuli, trait anxiety, white-matter changes, anterior cingulate cortex, attenuation, brain mechanisms, brain potentials, capacity, cerebral-blood-flow, control, cortical thickness, default, default network, erp, event-related potentials, executive functions, failures, focused attention, functional-significance, increases, long-term meditation, meditation practitioners, negativity, neural mechanisms, neural system, p300, persistence, perspective-taking, potentials, practitioners, reduction intervention, reveals, safety, systems, variability, wandering mind, ability, adolescents taica, aerobic exercise, anterior insula, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, attention awareness, barratt impulsiveness scale, brain activity, brain changes, brain networks, categorization, cingulate, cingulate cortex, cocaine, cognitive failures, coherence, competence, constructs, contingent negative-variation, default-mode, default mode, defining, depressive symptomatology, electrocortical response, extroversion, faces, habit, health-care, immune function, inhibitory control, insular cortex, lapses, lead, leader-member exchange, medial prefrontal cortex, meditation experience, mirror neurons, mode, mode network activity, moods lead, need, networks, organizations, oscillations, physiological condition, precuneus, publication bias, relationship, reward, robust, semantic coherence, sense, short-term meditation, social drinkers, social exclusion, state functional connectivity, strategy, stress-management, system, therapist, visual-cortex, young |
Mindfulness | mindfulness, individual-differences, dispositional, depressive symptoms, prevention, relapse prevention, relapse, gender-differences, social support, substance use, efficacy, perspective, relationship satisfaction, trait, use disorders, neuroticism, alcohol, experiential avoidance, substance use disorders, united-states, addiction, adult attachment, alcohol-use, neuroendocrine, drinking, security, thought suppression, attentional bias, childhood, distress tolerance, drug-use, mediation, randomized-trial, borderline personality-disorder, couples, loving-kindness meditation, marital satisfaction, relationship quality, adolescence, affect, dependence, dsm-iv, exposure, mortality, oriented recovery enhancement, smoking, alcohol-consumption, alcohol dependence, facet mindfulness questionnaire, intimate-relationships, item response theory, motives, psychiatric-disorders, socioeconomic-status, cancer-patients, college, eating-disorders, negative, nicotine dependence, posttraumatic stress symptoms, relapse/recurrence, replication, smartphone addiction, social foundations, substance, abusers, affective instability, alcohol-use disorders, alliance, ambulatory blood-pressure, behavior-therapy, cessation, cue-reactivity, drinking motives, emotional reactivity, health survey, heavy drinking, maternal depression, mood disorders, occupational stress, partner, peer victimization, personality-disorders, regulation strategies, relationships, short-term, styles, toronto-alexithymia-scale, withdrawal, abstinence, action questionnaire-ii, addiction treatment, aggressive-behavior, antidepressant medication, audit-c, behavioral dysregulation, bipolar disorder, body-mass index, cancer-risk factors, child-behavior problems, childhood maltreatment, clinical-sample, cognitive-behavior therapy, cognitive reappraisal, community sample, concept differentiation, concordance, cues, daily-life stress, disorder symptoms, drug-addiction, early, expectancies, fagerstrom test, forgiveness, frontal systems, future-research, guidelines, health disparities, hedonic dysregulation, hypothesis, implicit theories, impulsiveness, innovation, interpersonal mindfulness, involuntary, lapse, latent class, life stress, marijuana use, measure camm, mediate, multiple imputation, national epidemiologic survey, negative mood regulation, nicotine, perceived discrimination, peritraumatic dissociation, protective role, psychological adjustment, psychological mindedness, quit smoking, recurrent depression, salivary cortisol, screen, sensation seeking, sexual, social connection, substance-abuse, suicide, survival, symptomatology, tendency, timeline followback, turnover intention, withdrawal dynamics, working |
Orientation | orientation, gay men, reduce |
Psychotherapy | psychotherapy, maintenance, romantic relationship satisfaction, relationship education, affect dysregulation, antidepressants, hexaco, initiation, integrity, regression, sexual-abuse |
Validation | validation, questionnaire, self-report, psychometric properties, scale, personality, validity, inventory, college-students, attention awareness scale, disorder, construct-validity, psychological health, dysregulation, social anxiety, context, empathy, generalized anxiety disorder, initial validation, difficulties, self-efficacy, strategies, sensitivity, reliability, suppression, dimensions, psychometric, 5 facet mindfulness, 5 facets, construct, short-form, cognitive-behavioral therapy, german version, kentucky inventory, properties, traits, distraction, emotions, expression, esteem, facet, image, moderator, stability, states, anxiety stress scales, dissatisfaction, psychological symptoms, questionnaire ffmq, romantic relationships, severity, social, uncertainty, academic-performance, accuracy, adolescents rumination, appraisal, cognitive vulnerability, consciousness, indexes, low-back-pain, marital quality, meditators, normative data, of-fit indexes, positive, predictor, problematic internet use, recognition, scales, spanish version, threat, worry, 5-factor model, anger, authenticity, beliefs, effortful control, goodness-of-fit, identity, intolerance, mobile phone, personality-disorder, phobia, psychological flexibility, sample-size, schizophrenia, sleep quality, smokers, subjective happiness, translation, adaptation, adhd, alcohol cue-reactivity, american, antecedent, applied relaxation, catastrophizing scale, clinical-trial, cognitions, cognitive-behavioral analysis, confidence-intervals, confirmatory factor-analysis, covariance structure-analysis, culture, daily stressors, delay, dietary patterns, emerging adulthood, emotional, expressions, ffmq, football, harm, identification, impulse control, initial, intentions, invariance, japanese version, job burnout, kentucky, life events, maas, major, metacognition, mindfulness-based interventions, negative mood, number, obsessive–compulsive disorder, ocd, online, origins, package, perseverative cognition, police, preliminary validation, private self-consciousness, process model, prosocial behavior, psychoeducational intervention, recommendations, reducing, romantic relationship, self-disclosure, self-focused attention, self-objectification, self-perceptions, self-presentation, short version, social cognition, spirituality, substance-use disorders, tolerance, traumatic stress, urgency |
Themes 2003–2010 | Themes 2011–2021 | Words | Inclusion Index |
---|---|---|---|
5-Factor model—2003–2010 | Dispositional mindfulness—2011–2021 | Information; negative affect | .33 |
5-Factor model—2003–2010 | Validation—2011–2021 | 5-Factor model | .33 |
Cognitive therapy—2003–2010 | Depression—2011–2021 | Cognitive therapy; major depression | .25 |
Cognitive therapy—2003–2010 | Meditation—2011–2021 | Stress reduction | .25 |
Cognitive therapy—2003–2010 | Mindfulness—2011–2021 | Individual-differences | .25 |
Depression—2003–2010 | Depression—2011–2021 | Depression; intervention; rumination; symptoms; therapy | .11 |
Depression—2003–2010 | Mindfulness—2011–2021 | Prevention; relapse; experiential avoidance | .11 |
Meditation—2003–2010 | Depression—2011–2021 | Anxiety; disorders; follow-up; mood; quality-of-life; stress reduction program | .13 |
Meditation—2003–2010 | Meditation—2011–2021 | Meditation | .13 |
Meditation—2003–2010 | Validation—2011–2021 | Inventory | .13 |
Personality—2003–2010 | Dispositional mindfulness—2011–2021 | Model | .25 |
Personality—2003–2010 | Validation—2011–2021 | Personality; consciousness; esteem | .25 |
Reduction—2003–2010 | Dispositional mindfulness—2011–2021 | Reduction | .50 |
Reduction—2003–2010 | Validation—2011–2021 | Generalized anxiety disorder | .50 |
Self-report—2003–2010 | Dispositional mindfulness—2011–2021 | Dispositional mindfulness; responses | .10 |
Self-report—2003–2010 | Interventions—2011–2021 | Metaanalysis | .10 |
Self-report—2003–2010 | Meditation—2011–2021 | Awareness; amygdala; attention; prefrontal cortex | .10 |
Self-report—2003–2010 | Validation—2011–2021 | Self-report; validation; scale | .10 |
Global Distribution of Trait Mindfulness Research
Cross-cultural Comparison of the Most Active Countries per Region: USA vs China
US | China | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Year | DOI | Freq | Author | Year | DOI | Freq |
BROWN KW | 2003 | 10.1037/0022–3514.84.4.822 | 359 | BROWN KW | 2003 | 10.1037/0022–3514.84.4.822 | 103 |
BAER RA | 2006 | 10.1177/1073191105283504 | 309 | BAER RA | 2006 | 10.1177/1073191105283504 | 46 |
BISHOP SR | 2004 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPH077 | 191 | BISHOP SR | 2004 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPH077 | 45 |
KABAT-ZINN | 1990 | 135 | KABAT-ZINN J | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG016 | 43 | |
BROWN KW | 2007 | 10.1080/10478400701598298 | 124 | DENG YQ | 2012 | 10.1007/S12671-011–0074-1 | 38 |
BAER RA | 2008 | 10.1177/1073191107313003 | 109 | BROWN KW | 2007 | 10.1080/10478400701598298 | 35 |
KABAT-ZINN J | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG016 | 106 | SHAPIRO SL | 2006 | 10.1002/JCLP.20237 | 32 |
KABAT-ZINN J | 1994 | 103 | PODSAKOFF PM | 2003 | 10.1037/0021–9010.88.5.879 | 30 | |
BAER RA | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG015 | 91 | KABAT-ZINN J | 1994 | 23 | |
BAER RA | 2004 | 10.1177/1073191104268029 | 89 | HOFMANN SG | 2010 | 10.1037/A0018555 | 22 |
KENG SL | 2011 | 10.1016/J.CPR.2011.04.006 | 83 | KENG SL | 2011 | 10.1016/J.CPR.2011.04.006 | 22 |
HOFMANN SG | 2010 | 10.1037/A0018555 | 76 | HU LT | 1999 | 10.1080/10705519909540118 | 20 |
HOLZEL BK | 2011 | 10.1177/1745691611419671 | 70 | BAER RA | 2008 | 10.1177/1073191107313003 | 19 |
CRESWELL JD | 2007 | 10.1097/PSY.0B013E3180F6171F | 67 | DENG Y.-Q | 2011 | 10.1007/S12671-011–0050-9 | 18 |
SHAPIRO SL | 2006 | 10.1002/JCLP.20237 | 65 | HAYES AF | 2013 | 18 | |
BARNES S | 2007 | 10.1111/J.1752–0606.2007.00033.X | 62 | GARLAND EL | 2015 | 10.1080/1047840X.2015.1092493 | 17 |
GROSSMAN P | 2004 | 10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00,573–7 | 61 | WEINSTEIN N | 2009 | 10.1016/J.JRP.2008.12.008 | 17 |
CARMODY J | 2008 | 10.1007/S10865-007–9130-7 | 58 | BAER RA | 2003 | 10.1093/CLIPSY/BPG015 | 16 |
BROWN KW | 2012 | 10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2012.04.003 | 56 | GOLDIN PR | 2010 | 10.1037/A0018441 | 15 |
COHEN S | 1983 | 10.2307/2136404 | 52 | CARMODY J | 2008 | 10.1007/S10865-007–9130-7 | 13 |
FELDMAN G | 2007 | 10.1007/S10862-006–9035-8 | 52 | COFFEY KA | 2008 | 10.1177/1533210108316307 | 13 |
KABAT-ZINN J | 1982 | 10.1016/0163–8343(82)90,026–3 | 52 | KABAT-ZINN | 1990 | 13 | |
THOMPSON RW | 2011 | 10.1177/1524838011416375 | 13 |
First author | Year | DOI | WOS citations | Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liu QQ | 2017 | 10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.042 | 92 | Sleep quality |
Kong F | 2014 | 10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002 | 72 | Life satisfaction |
Bao X | 2015 | 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.007 | 62 | Stress |
Zhang J | 2013 | 10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.004 | 39 | Safety performance |
Zhang J | 2014 | 10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.006 | 38 | Safety behavior |
Wang X | 2014 | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.006 | 35 | Default mode network |
Yang X | 2019 | 10.1007/s10826-018–01,323-2 | 33 | Anxiety and depression |
Lu H | 2014 | 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.051 | 28 | Brain structure |
Kong F | 2016 | 10.1080/17470919.2015.1092469 | 26 | Well-being |
Chan KKS | 2017 | 10.1007/s12671-016–0675-9 | 25 | Stigma |