Top

Mindfulness

Gepubliceerd in:

08-01-2021 | REVIEW

Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis

Auteurs: Christina Ewert, Annika Vater, Michela Schröder-Abé

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 5/2021

Abstract

Objectives

Self-compassion, a positive and caring attitude toward oneself, has been identified as an important correlate of coping in stressful situations. High self-compassion is related to higher use of adaptive and less maladaptive coping in demanding or painful situations. However, estimates of these relations in terms of specific adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies have remained inconclusive. Therefore, the present meta-analysis investigates the relation between self-compassion and different forms of adaptive and maladaptive coping. It also takes into account potential moderators such as age, gender, and regional background.

Methods

A systematic literature search resulted in k = 136 samples with an overall sample size of N = 38,913. Random-effects models were used to integrate the z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results

Analyses yielded a positive correlation between self-compassion and adaptive coping (r = .306) and a negative correlation between self-compassion and maladaptive coping (r = − .500). The association of self-compassion with emotional approach coping was positive (r = .340), as was the association with problem-focused coping (r = .205). Participants’ age appeared to be a significant moderator of the relation between self-compassion and coping.

Conclusions

Self-compassion is important for understanding the mechanisms involved in coping with stress and demanding life events. The size and direction of correlations depend on the coping strategies considered, with protective effects of self-compassion with respect to maladaptive coping being the most pronounced. Further research should examine the relation between self-compassion and coping in more detail and focus on additional moderators.

Trial Registration

The registration identifier is CRD42018104926.

vorige artikel Emotion-Related Constructs Engaged by Mindfulness-Based Interventions: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

volgende artikel Self-Compassion and Current Close Interpersonal Relationships: a Scoping Literature Review

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10(10), 1120–1144. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.10.1120.

Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2010). Self-compassion, stress, and coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00246.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Armstrong, L., & Rimes, K. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for neuroticism (stress vulnerability): a pilot randomized study. Behavior Therapy, 47(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.12.005.CrossRefPubMed

Baujat, B., Mahé, C., Pignon, J.-P., & Hill, C. (2002). A graphical method for exploring heterogeneity in meta-analyses: application to a meta-analysis of 65 trials. Statistics in Medicine, 21(18), 2641–2652. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1221.CrossRefPubMed

Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994). Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics., 50, 1088–1101. https://doi.org/10.2307/2533446.CrossRefPubMed

Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26, 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305.CrossRef

Borenstein, M. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470743386

Bortz, J., & Döring, N. (2006). Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation: Für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler (4., überarb. Aufl.,). [Research methods and evaluation: for human and social scientists (4th ed.)]. Springer-Medizin-Verlag.

Brion, J. M., Leary, M. R., & Drabkin, A. S. (2014). Self-compassion and reactions to serious illness: the case of HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(2), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312467391.CrossRefPubMed

Brooks, M., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. (2012). Self-Compassion amongst clients with problematic alcohol use. Mindfulness, 3, 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0106-5.CrossRef

Card, N. A. (2012). Applied meta-analysis for social science research. Guilford Press.

Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 679–704. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352.CrossRefPubMed

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283.CrossRef

Chishima, Y., Mizuno, M., Sugawara, D., & Miyagawa, Y. (2018). The influence of self-compassion on cognitive appraisals and coping with stressful events. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1907–1915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0933-0.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.127.1.87.CrossRefPubMed

Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C. (2017). Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(9), 939–991. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000110.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080.CrossRefPubMed

Connor-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000). Responses to stress in adolescence: measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 976–992. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.68.6.976.CrossRefPubMed

Costa, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Experiential avoidance and self-compassion in chronic pain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(8), 1578–1591. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12107.CrossRef

Diedrich, A., Grant, M., Hofmann, S. G., Hiller, W., & Berking, M. (2014). Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.006.CrossRefPubMed

Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56, 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x.CrossRefPubMed

Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Exline, J. J., Homolka, S. J., & Harriott, V. A. (2016). Divine struggles: Links with body image concerns, binging, and compensatory behaviours around eating. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 19(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2015.1087977.CrossRef

Finlay-Jones, A. L. (2017). The relevance of self-compassion as an intervention target in mood and anxiety disorders: a narrative review based on an emotion regulation framework. Clinical Psychologist, 21(2), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12131.CrossRef

Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Coping and emotion. In N. L. Stein, B. Leventhal, & T. Trabasso (Eds.), Psychological and biological approaches to emotion. (pp. 313–332). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856–867. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22021.CrossRefPubMed

Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13(6), 353–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507.CrossRef

Gillanders, D. T., Sinclair, A. K., MacLean, M., & Jardine, K. (2015). Illness cognitions, cognitive fusion, avoidance and self-compassion as predictors of distress and quality of life in a heterogeneous sample of adults, after cancer. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(4), 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.07.003.CrossRef

Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press. https://idostatistics.com/hedges-olkin-1985-statistical-methods-for-meta-analysis/.

Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (e.). (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]). www.handbook.cochrane.org.

Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D). [Validation of a German version of the Self-Compassion Sale]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 40(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000088.CrossRef

Huysmans, Z., & Clement, D. (2017). A preliminary exploration of the application of self-compassion within the context of sport injury. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 39, 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0144.CrossRef

Jeon, H., Lee, K., & Kwon, S. (2016). Investigation of the structural relationsships between social support, self-compassion, and subjective well-being in Korean elite student athletes. Psychological Reports, 119(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116658226.CrossRefPubMed

Johnson, E. A., & O’Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-compassion soothes the savage ego-threat system: effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 939–963.CrossRef

Kato, T. (2012). Development of the Coping Flexibility Scale: evidence for the coping flexibility hypothesis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(2), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027770.CrossRefPubMed

Keng, S. L., Choo, X., & Tong, E. M. W. (2018). Association between trait mindfulness and variability of coping strategies: a diary study. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1423–1432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0885-4.CrossRef

Larsen, R. J. (2000). Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(3), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1103_01.CrossRef

Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1966-35050-000

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping: Springer. https://books.google.de/books/about/Stress_Appraisal_and_Coping.html?id=i-ySQQuUpr8C&redir_esc=y.

Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887.CrossRefPubMed

Light, R. J., & Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Summing up: The science of reviewing research. Havard University Press.

Littleton, H., Horsley, S., John, S., & Nelson, D. V. (2007). Trauma coping strategies and psychological distress: a meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 977–988. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20276.CrossRefPubMed

MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: a meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003.CrossRefPubMed

Mantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., & Giannou, K. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Greek versions of the Self-Compassion and Mindful Attention and Awareness Scales. Mindfulness, 6(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0237-3.CrossRef

Mills, J., Wand, T., & Fraser, J. A. (2018). Examining self-care, self-compassion and compassion for others: a cross-sectional survey of palliative care nurses and doctors. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 24(1), 4–11.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.g001.CrossRef

Mowlaie, M., Mikaeili, N., Aghababaei, N., Ghaffari, M., & Pouresmali, A. (2016). The relationships of sense of coherence and self-compassion to worry: the mediating role of personal intelligence. Current Psychology, 10(3), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9451-1.CrossRef

Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017). Protection or vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.CrossRef

Neff, K. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.CrossRef

Neff, K. (2003b). Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032.CrossRef

Neff, K. D. & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: what it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. In Ostafin, B.D., Robinson, M. D.& Meier, B. P. (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 121–137). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2263-5_10

Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317.CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002.CrossRef

Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N., Guo, H. X., Hirsch, J. K., Hupfeldt, J., Hutz, C. L., Kotsou, I., Lee, W. K., Montero-Marin, J., Sirois, F. M., de Souza, L. K., Svedsen, J. L., Wilkinson, R. B., & Mantzios, M. (2019). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000629.CrossRefPubMed

Odou, N., & Brinker, J. (2013). Exploring the relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and mood. Self and Identity, 13(4), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.840332.CrossRef

Odou, N., & Brinker, J. (2014). Self-compassion, a better alternative to rumination than distraction as a response to negative mood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(5), 447–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.967800.CrossRef

Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.1.3.CrossRefPubMed

Petrocchi, N., Ottaviani, C., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2014). Dimensionality of self-compassion: translation and construct validation of the self-compassion scale in an Italian sample. Journal of Mental Health, 23(2), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.841869.CrossRefPubMed

Quintana, D. S. (2015). From pre-registration to publication: a non-technical primer for conducting a meta-analysis to synthesize correlational data. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01549.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702.CrossRef

Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41(7), 813–819. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.41.7.813.CrossRef

Rouse, S. V. (2012). Universal worth: construct and scale development. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.627960.CrossRefPubMed

Rubio-Aparicio, M., López-López, J. A., Viechtbauer, W., Marín-Martínez, F., Botella, J., & Sánchez-Meca, J. (2020). Testing categorical moderators in mixed-effects meta-analysis in the presence of heteroscedasticity. The Journal of Experimental Education, 88(2), 288–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2018.1561404.CrossRef

Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (2014). Methods of meta-analysis: correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage. https://idostatistics.com/hunter-schmidt-2014-methods-meta-analysis-correcting-error-bias-research-findings/

Schnider, K. R., Elhai, J. D., & Gray, M. J. (2007). Coping style use predicts posttraumatic stress and complicated grief symptom severity among college students reporting a traumatic loss. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.344.CrossRef

Sirois, F. M., Molnar, D. S., & Hirsch, J. K. (2014). Self-compassion, stress, and coping in the context of chronic illness. Self and Identity, 14(3), 334–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2014.996249.CrossRef

Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: a review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 216–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.216.CrossRefPubMed

Smeets, E., Neff, K., Alberts, H., & Peters, M. (2014). Meeting suffering with kindness: effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for female college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9), 794–807. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22076.CrossRefPubMed

Stanton, A. L., Kirk, S. B., Cameron, C. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: scale construction and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1150–1169. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1150.CrossRefPubMed

Sterne, J. A., & Egger, M. (2001). Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(10), 1046–1055.

Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V., & Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13(4), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173478.CrossRef

Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 123–130.

Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. W.-L. (2010). Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.11.CrossRefPubMed

Wald, A. (1943). Tests of statistical hypotheses concerning several parameters when the number of observations is large. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 54(3), 426–482.CrossRef

Wong, C. C. Y., & Yeung, N. C. Y. (2017). Self-compassion and posttraumatic growth: cognitive processes as mediators. Mindfulness, 4(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0683-4.CrossRef

Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: a meta-analysis. Applied Psychology. Health and Well-Being, 7(3), 340–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis
Auteurs: Christina Ewert
Annika Vater
Michela Schröder-Abé
Publicatiedatum: 08-01-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 5/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Trial Registration

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2021

Self-Compassion, Internalized Weight Stigma, Psychological Well-Being, and Eating Behaviors in Women

Time and Timelessness

A Network Modeling Approach to Mindfulness Mechanisms: a Proof-of-Concept Investigation

Refinement and Validation of the Balanced Inventory of Mindfulness-Related Skills (BIMS)

Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Programme on Perceived Stress, Psychopathological Symptomatology and Burnout in Medical Students

Who Benefits Most from a Brief Mindfulness Intervention to Reduce Anxiety During Stereotactic Breast Biopsy: the Moderating Effect of Trait Mindfulness, Spiritual Well-being, and Distress Tolerance