Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine 6/2008

01-12-2008

Negative affect and anger rumination as mediators between forgiveness and sleep quality

Auteurs: Rebecca Stoia-Caraballo, Mark S. Rye, Wei Pan, Keri J. Brown Kirschman, Catherine Lutz-Zois, Amy M. Lyons

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 6/2008

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Research indicates that forgiveness of interpersonal transgressions relates to better sleep quality, whereas maintaining feelings of anger and hostility relates to poorer sleep quality. However, the mechanisms explaining these relationships have yet to be determined. We examined whether negative affect and anger rumination mediate the relationship between forgiveness of others and sleep quality using a sample of 277 undergraduates from a medium-sized Midwestern Catholic university. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing forgiveness of others (situational and dispositional), sleep quality (nocturnal sleep and daytime fatigue), negative affect (depression and anxiety), and anger rumination. Using structural equation modeling, we found that negative affect and anger rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and sleep quality through two indirect pathways. In one pathway, negative affect mediated between forgiveness and sleep quality. In the second pathway, both negative affect and anger rumination functioned as mediators. Implications for clinicians and researchers are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). AMOS (Version 7.0) [Computer software]. Spring House, PA: Amos Development Corporation. Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). AMOS (Version 7.0) [Computer software]. Spring House, PA: Amos Development Corporation.
go back to reference Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​51.​6.​1173.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
go back to reference Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Due, P., Holstein, B. E., Lynch, J., Diderichsen, F., Gabhain, S., Scheidt, P., et al. (2005). Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: International comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 15, 128–132. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki105.PubMedCrossRef Due, P., Holstein, B. E., Lynch, J., Diderichsen, F., Gabhain, S., Scheidt, P., et al. (2005). Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: International comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 15, 128–132. doi:10.​1093/​eurpub/​cki105.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Durand, V. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). Essentials of abnormal psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Durand, V. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). Essentials of abnormal psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
go back to reference Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Enright, R. D., & North, J. (1998). Exploring forgiveness. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. Enright, R. D., & North, J. (1998). Exploring forgiveness. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.
go back to reference Friedberg, J. P., Adonis, M. N., Von Bergen, H. A., & Suchday, S. (2005). Short communication: September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 21, 53–60. Friedberg, J. P., Adonis, M. N., Von Bergen, H. A., & Suchday, S. (2005). Short communication: September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 21, 53–60.
go back to reference Hall, M., Buysse, D. J., Nowell, P. D., Nofzinger, E. A., Houck, P., Reynolds, C. F., et al. (2000). Symptoms of stress and depression as correlates of sleep in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 227–230.PubMed Hall, M., Buysse, D. J., Nowell, P. D., Nofzinger, E. A., Houck, P., Reynolds, C. F., et al. (2000). Symptoms of stress and depression as correlates of sleep in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 227–230.PubMed
go back to reference Hart, R. P., Buchsbaum, D. G., Wade, J. B., & Hamer, R. M. (1987). Effects of sleep deprivation on first-year residents’ response times, memory, and mood. Journal of Medical Education, 62, 940–942.PubMed Hart, R. P., Buchsbaum, D. G., Wade, J. B., & Hamer, R. M. (1987). Effects of sleep deprivation on first-year residents’ response times, memory, and mood. Journal of Medical Education, 62, 940–942.PubMed
go back to reference Hartmann, E. (1988). Insomnia: Diagnosis and treatment. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons. Hartmann, E. (1988). Insomnia: Diagnosis and treatment. Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
go back to reference Hauri, P. J. (2000). Clinical work with insomnia: State of the art. In M. P. Szuba, J. D. Kloss, & D. F. Dinges (Eds.), Insomnia (pp. 73–82). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Hauri, P. J. (2000). Clinical work with insomnia: State of the art. In M. P. Szuba, J. D. Kloss, & D. F. Dinges (Eds.), Insomnia (pp. 73–82). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Huang, S. T., & Enright, D. (2000). Forgiveness and anger-related emotions in Taiwan: Implications for therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice. Training (New York, N.Y.), 37, 71–79.CrossRef Huang, S. T., & Enright, D. (2000). Forgiveness and anger-related emotions in Taiwan: Implications for therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice. Training (New York, N.Y.), 37, 71–79.CrossRef
go back to reference Kales, A., Caldwell, A. B., Soldatos, C. R., Bixler, E. O., & Kales, J. D. (1983). Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia: II pattern specificity and consistency with the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. Psychosomatic Medicine, 45, 341–356.PubMed Kales, A., Caldwell, A. B., Soldatos, C. R., Bixler, E. O., & Kales, J. D. (1983). Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia: II pattern specificity and consistency with the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. Psychosomatic Medicine, 45, 341–356.PubMed
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Lawler, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., Edmondson, K. A., & Jones, W. H. (2005). The unique effects of forgiveness on health: An exploration of pathways. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 157–167. doi:10.1007/s10865-005-3665-2.PubMedCrossRef Lawler, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., Edmondson, K. A., & Jones, W. H. (2005). The unique effects of forgiveness on health: An exploration of pathways. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28, 157–167. doi:10.​1007/​s10865-005-3665-2.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leger, D., Guilleminault, C., Bader, G., Levy, E., & Paillard, M. (2002). Medical and socio-professional impact of insomnia. Sleep: Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, 25, 621–625. Leger, D., Guilleminault, C., Bader, G., Levy, E., & Paillard, M. (2002). Medical and socio-professional impact of insomnia. Sleep: Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, 25, 621–625.
go back to reference Lin, W., Mack, D., Enright, R. D., Krahn, D., & Baskin, T. W. (2004). Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance dependant clients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 1114–1121. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.6.1114.PubMedCrossRef Lin, W., Mack, D., Enright, R. D., Krahn, D., & Baskin, T. W. (2004). Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance dependant clients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 1114–1121. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​72.​6.​1114.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U.PubMedCrossRef Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi:10.​1016/​0005-7967(94)00075-U.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Maltby, J., Macaskill, A., & Day, L. (2001). Failure to forgive self and others: A replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability and general health. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 881–885. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00080-5.CrossRef Maltby, J., Macaskill, A., & Day, L. (2001). Failure to forgive self and others: A replication and extension of the relationship between forgiveness, personality, social desirability and general health. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 881–885. doi:10.​1016/​S0191-8869(00)00080-5.CrossRef
go back to reference Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., & Grove, D. C. (1992). The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170–180. Mauger, P. A., Perry, J. E., Freeman, T., & Grove, D. C. (1992). The measurement of forgiveness: Preliminary research. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11, 170–180.
go back to reference McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well-being, and the big five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 601–610. doi:10.1177/0146167201275008.CrossRef McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination, well-being, and the big five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 601–610. doi:10.​1177/​0146167201275008​.CrossRef
go back to reference Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference National Sleep Foundation. (2008). Sleep in America poll. Washington, DC: Author. National Sleep Foundation. (2008). Sleep in America poll. Washington, DC: Author.
go back to reference Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Sex differences in control of depression. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 306–324). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Sex differences in control of depression. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 306–324). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Riedel, B. W., Lichstein, K. L., Peterson, B. A., Epperson, M. T., Means, M. K., & Aguillard, R. N. (1998). A comparison of the efficacy of stimulus control for medicated and nonmedicated insomniacs. Behavior Modification, 22, 3–28. doi:10.1177/01454455980221001.PubMedCrossRef Riedel, B. W., Lichstein, K. L., Peterson, B. A., Epperson, M. T., Means, M. K., & Aguillard, R. N. (1998). A comparison of the efficacy of stimulus control for medicated and nonmedicated insomniacs. Behavior Modification, 22, 3–28. doi:10.​1177/​0145445598022100​1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rye, M. S., Folck, C. D., Heim, T. A., Olszewski, B. T., & Traina, E. (2004). Forgiveness of an ex-spouse: How does it relate to mental health following a divorce? Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 41, 31–51. doi:10.1300/J087v41n03_02.CrossRef Rye, M. S., Folck, C. D., Heim, T. A., Olszewski, B. T., & Traina, E. (2004). Forgiveness of an ex-spouse: How does it relate to mental health following a divorce? Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 41, 31–51. doi:10.​1300/​J087v41n03_​02.CrossRef
go back to reference Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., Folck, C. D., Olszewski, B. T., Heim, T. A., & Madia, B. P. (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology, 20, 260–277.CrossRef Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., Folck, C. D., Olszewski, B. T., Heim, T. A., & Madia, B. P. (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology, 20, 260–277.CrossRef
go back to reference Rye, M. S., Pargament, K. I., Pan, W., Yingling, D. W., Shogren, K. A., & Ito, M. (2005). Can group interventions facilitate forgiveness of an ex-spouse? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5, 880–892. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.880.CrossRef Rye, M. S., Pargament, K. I., Pan, W., Yingling, D. W., Shogren, K. A., & Ito, M. (2005). Can group interventions facilitate forgiveness of an ex-spouse? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5, 880–892. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​73.​5.​880.CrossRef
go back to reference Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. doi:10.2307/270723.CrossRef Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. doi:10.​2307/​270723.CrossRef
go back to reference Spira, A. P., Friedman, L., Aulakh, J. S., Lee, T., Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (2008). Subclinical anxiety symptoms, sleep and daytime dysfunction in older adults with primary insomnia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 56–60. doi:10.1177/0891988707311043.CrossRef Spira, A. P., Friedman, L., Aulakh, J. S., Lee, T., Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (2008). Subclinical anxiety symptoms, sleep and daytime dysfunction in older adults with primary insomnia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 56–60. doi:10.​1177/​0891988707311043​.CrossRef
go back to reference Suchday, S., Friedberg, J. P., & Almeida, M. (2006). Forgiveness and rumination: A cross-cultural perspective comparing India and the US. Stress and Health, 22, 81–89. doi:10.1002/smi.1082.CrossRef Suchday, S., Friedberg, J. P., & Almeida, M. (2006). Forgiveness and rumination: A cross-cultural perspective comparing India and the US. Stress and Health, 22, 81–89. doi:10.​1002/​smi.​1082.CrossRef
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
go back to reference Waters, W. F., Adams, S. G., Binks, P., & Varnado, P. (1993). Attention, stress and negative emotion in persistent sleep-onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. Sleep: Journal of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine, 16, 128–136. Waters, W. F., Adams, S. G., Binks, P., & Varnado, P. (1993). Attention, stress and negative emotion in persistent sleep-onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. Sleep: Journal of Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine, 16, 128–136.
go back to reference Witvliet, C., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. Psychological Science, 12, 117–123. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00320.CrossRef Witvliet, C., Ludwig, T. E., & Vander Laan, K. (2001). Granting forgiveness or harboring grudges: Implications for emotion, physiology, and health. Psychological Science, 12, 117–123. doi:10.​1111/​1467-9280.​00320.CrossRef
go back to reference Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2001). Unforgiveness, forgiveness, and reconciliation and their implications for societal interventions. In R. Helmick & R. Peterson (Eds.), Forgiveness and reconciliation (pp. 171–192). Philadelphia, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2001). Unforgiveness, forgiveness, and reconciliation and their implications for societal interventions. In R. Helmick & R. Peterson (Eds.), Forgiveness and reconciliation (pp. 171–192). Philadelphia, PA: Templeton Foundation Press.
Metagegevens
Titel
Negative affect and anger rumination as mediators between forgiveness and sleep quality
Auteurs
Rebecca Stoia-Caraballo
Mark S. Rye
Wei Pan
Keri J. Brown Kirschman
Catherine Lutz-Zois
Amy M. Lyons
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2008
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 6/2008
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9172-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2008

Journal of Behavioral Medicine 6/2008 Naar de uitgave