The Disruptive Adolescent as a Grown-Up: Predicting Adult Startle Responses to Violent and Erotic Films from Adolescent Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits | mijn-bsl

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

30-09-2015

The Disruptive Adolescent as a Grown-Up: Predicting Adult Startle Responses to Violent and Erotic Films from Adolescent Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Auteurs: Melina Nicole Kyranides, Kostas A. Fanti, Georgia Panayiotou

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 2/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Abstract

The current study aimed to identify heterogeneous groups of adolescents differing on their levels of conduct problems (CP) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and compare them on startle reactivity to emotional videos (violent/erotic) during young adulthood. A Latent Profile Analysis, conducted among a longitudinal sample of 2306 adolescents, provided evidence for the existence of heterogeneous CP and CU subgroups (i.e., CP-only, CU-only, and CP+CU groups). Three years later, 82 young adults (Mage = 19.95), randomly selected from the identified groups, participated in an experiment assessing their startle eye-blink responses during violent, erotic and neutral video scenes. Self-report ratings of fear, valence and arousal to affective scenes were also collected. Findings suggested that adolescents high on CP and low on CU traits showed high startle potentiation when viewing violent scenes during young adulthood, while those high on both CP and CU traits showed diminished startle reactivity to violent stimuli. Individuals high on CU traits without CP showed similar startle reactivity to controls. Further, the findings indicate that startle potentiation to violent stimuli can be a reliable physiological marker to distinguish antisocial individuals with and without CU traits. The finding that the CU only group was not differentiated from the control group on startle reactivity when viewing violent stimuli might explain their lower likelihood of engaging in antisocial behavior.

vorige artikel A Further Evaluation of the Triarchic Conceptualization of Psychopathy in College Students

volgende artikel Adult ADHD: Associations with Personality and Other Psychopathology

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, X., & Warden, D. (2008). Physiologically-indexed and self-perceived affective empathy in conduct-disordered children high and low on callous-unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 39, 503–517.CrossRefPubMed

Andershed, H., Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Levander, S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in nonreferred youths: A new assessment tool. In E. Blaauw & L. Sheridan (Eds.), Psychopaths: Current international perspectives (pp. 131–158). The Hague: Elsevier.

Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2004). The integration of continuous and discrete latent variable models: potential problems and promising opportunities. Psychological Methods, 9, 3–29.CrossRefPubMed

Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin men. Psychophysiology, 42, 753–762.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Blair, R. J. R. (1999). Responsiveness to distress cues in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 135–145.CrossRef

Blumenthal, T. D., Cuthbert, B. N., Filion, D. L., Hackley, S., Lipp, O. V., & Van Boxtel, A. (2005). Committee report: guidelines for human startle eyeblink electromyographic studies. Psychophysiology, 42, 1–15.CrossRefPubMed

Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 49–59.CrossRefPubMed

Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276–298.CrossRefPubMed

Byrd, A. L., Kahn, R. E., & Pardini, D. A. (2013). A validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of young adult males. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 20–34.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.CrossRefPubMed

Dadds, M. R., Perry, Y., Hawes, D. J., Merz, S., Riddell, A. C., Haines, D. J., & Abeygunawardane, A. I. (2006). Attention to the eyes and fear-recognition deficits in child psychopathy. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 280–281.CrossRefPubMed

de Jong, P. J., Merckelbach, H., & Arntz, A. (1991). Eyeblink startle responses in spider phobies before and after treatment: a pilot study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 13, 213–223.CrossRef

de Wied, M., van Boxtel, A., Matthys, W., & Meeus, W. (2012). Verbal, facial and autonomic responses to empathy-eliciting film clips by disruptive male adolescents with high versus low callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 211–223.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fairchild, G., Stobbe, Y., Van Goozen, S. H., Calder, A. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2010). Facial expression recognition, fear conditioning, and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 272–279.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fanti, K. A. (2013). Individual, social, and behavioral factors associated with co-occurring conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 811–824.CrossRefPubMed

Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., & Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 285–298.CrossRef

Fanti, K. A., Demetriou, C. A., & Kimonis, E. R. (2013). Variants of callous-unemotional conduct problems in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 964–979.CrossRefPubMed

Fanti, K. A., Panayiotou, G., Kyranides, M., & Avramides, M. (2015a). Startle reflex modulation during violent films: the influence of callous-unemotional traits and aggressive behavior. Motivation and Emotion. doi:10.1007/s11031-015-9517-7.

Fanti, K. A., Panayiotou, G., Lazarou, C., Michael, R., & Georgiou, G. (2015b). The better of two evils? Evidence that children exhibiting continuous conduct problems high or low on callous-unemotional traits score on opposite directions on physiological and behavioral measures of fear. Development and Psychopathology.. doi:10.1017/S0954579415000371.2015.PubMed

Fanti, K. A., Panayiotou, G., Lombardo, M. V., & Kyranides, M. N. (2015c). Unemotional on all counts: evidence of reduced affective responses in individuals with high callous-unemotional traits across emotion systems and valences. Social Neuroscience. doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1034378.PubMed

Fowles, D. C. (1980). The three arousal model: implications of Gray’s two-factor learning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity, and psychopathology. Psychophysiology, 17, 87–104.CrossRefPubMed

Frick, P.J. (2004). Inventory of callous–unemotional traits. Unpublished rating scale. New Orleans, LA: University of New Orleans.

Frick, P. J., & Morris, A. S. (2004). Temperament and developmental pathways to conduct problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 54–68.CrossRefPubMed

Frick, P. J., & Viding, E. (2009). Antisocial behavior from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1111–1131.CrossRefPubMed

Frick, P. J., Stickle, T. R., Dandreaux, D. M., Farrell, J. M., & Kimonis, E. R. (2005). Callous–unemotional traits in predicting the severity and stability of conduct problems and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 471–487.CrossRefPubMed

Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Annual research review: a developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous‐unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 532–548.CrossRefPubMed

Fridlund, A. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Guidelines for human eletromyographic research. Psychophysiology, 23, 567–589.CrossRefPubMed

Fung, M. T., Raine, A., Loeber, R., Lynam, D. R., Steinhauer, S. R., Venables, P. H., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2005). Reduced electrodermal activity in psychopathy-prone adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 187–196.CrossRefPubMed

Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1999). Youth’s inventory 4 manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus.

Gadow, K. D., Sprafkin, J., & Weiss, M. (2004). Adult self-report inventory-4 manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus.

Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: a neurobiological model. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28, 194–210.

Hamm, A. O., Cuthbert, B. N., Globisch, J., & Vaitl, D. (1997). Fear and the startle reflex: blink modulation and autonomic response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 34, 97–107.CrossRefPubMed

Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 276–287.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Insel, T. R., Cuthbert, B. N., Garvey, M. A., Heinssen, R. K., Pine, D. S., & Wang, P. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748–751.CrossRefPubMed

Ishikawa, S. S., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., & Lacasse, L. (2001). Autonomic stress reactivity and executive functions in successful and unsuccessful criminal psychopaths from the community. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 423–432.CrossRefPubMed

Jansen, D. M., & Frijda, N. H. (1994). Modulation of the acoustic startle response by film‐induced fear and sexual arousal. Psychophysiology, 31, 565–571.CrossRefPubMed

Jones, A., Laurens, K., Herba, C., Barker, G., & Viding, E. (2009). Amygdala hypoactivity to fearful faces in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 95–102.CrossRefPubMed

Kaviani, H., Gray, J. A., Checkley, S. A., Kumari, V., & Wilson, G. D. (1999). Modulation of the acoustic startle reflex by emotionally-toned film-clips. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 32, 47–54.CrossRefPubMed

Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K. A., Goldweber, A., Marsee, M. A., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2013). Callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 26, 227–237.CrossRefPubMed

Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K. A., Frick, P. J., Moffitt, T., Essau, C., Bijttebier, P., & Marsee, M. A. (2014a). Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 “With Limited Prosocial Emotions” specifier. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12357.PubMed

Kimonis, E. R., Fanti, K. A., & Singh, J. P. (2014b). Establishing cut-off scores for the parent-reported inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Archives of Forensic Psychology, 1, 27–48.

Koukounas, E., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). Emotional responses to filmed violence and the eye blink startle response: a preliminary investigation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 476–488.CrossRef

Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1998). Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: brain mechanisms and psychophysiology. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1248–1263.CrossRefPubMed

Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Longitudinal evidence that psychopathy scores in early adolescence predict adult psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 155–165.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Mitchell, D. G., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Kosson, D. S., & Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous-unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 712–720.CrossRefPubMed

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). The basic emotional impact of environments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 38, 283–301.CrossRefPubMed

Monahan, K. C., Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., & Mulvey, E. P. (2009). Trajectories of antisocial behavior and psychosocial maturity from adolescence to young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1654–1668.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T., & Leistico, A. M. R. (2006). Psychopathy, empathy, and perspective-taking ability in a community sample: Implications for the successful psychopathy concept. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5, 133–149.CrossRef

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables: User’s guide. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.

Nagin, D. (2005). Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge: Harvard Un.Press.CrossRef

Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthen, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analsysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14, 535–569.CrossRef

Panayiotou, G., Witvliet, C. V. O., Robinson, J. D., & Vrana, S. R. (2011). A startling absence of emotion effects: active attention to the startle probe as a motor task cue appears to eliminate modulation of the startle reflex by valence and arousal. Biological Psychology, 87, 226–233.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the criminal psychopath: startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 82–92.CrossRefPubMed

Phelps, E. A., O’Connor, K. J., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., Grillon, C., & Davis, M. (2001). Activation of the left amygdala to a cognitive representation of fear. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 437–441.CrossRefPubMed

Quevedo, K., Smith, T., Donzella, B., Schunk, E., & Gunnar, M. (2010). The startle response: developmental effects and a paradigm for children and adults. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 78–89.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rowe, R., Maughan, B., Moran, P., Ford, T., Briskman, J., & Goodman, R. (2010). The role of callous and unemotional traits in the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 688–695.CrossRefPubMed

Sadeh, N., & Verona, E. (2012). Visual complexity attenuates emotional processing in psychopathy: implications for fear-potentiated startle deficits. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 346–360.CrossRef

Salekin, R. T. (2008). Psychopathy and recidivism from mid-adolescence to young adulthood: cumulating legal problems and limiting life opportunities. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 386–395.CrossRefPubMed

Salekin, R. T., Tippey, J. G., & Allen, A. D. (2012). Treatment of conduct problem youth with interpersonal callous traits using mental models: measurement of risk and change. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 30, 470–486.CrossRef

Schneider, W., Eschmann, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-prime reference guide. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools.

Scott, S., Knapp, M., Henderson, J., & Maughan, B. (2001). Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood. British Medical Journal, 323, 191–194.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Syngelaki, E. M., Fairchild, G., Moore, S. C., Savage, J. C., & van Goozen, S. H. (2013). Affective startle potentiation in juvenile offenders: the role of conduct problems and psychopathic traits. Social Neuroscience, 8, 112–121.CrossRefPubMed

Vaidyanathan, U., Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. M. (2009). Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an indicator of trait fear. Psychophysiology, 46, 75–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vaidyanathan, U., Hall, J. R., Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. M. (2011). Clarifying the role of defensive reactivity deficits in psychopathy and antisocial personality using startle reflex methodology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 253–258.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vanman, E. J., Mejia, V. Y., Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., & Raine, A. (2003). Modification of the startle reflex in a community sample: do one or two dimensions of psychopathy underlie emotional processing? Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 2007–2021.CrossRef

Viding, E., Sebastian, C. L., Dadds, M. R., Lockwood, P. L., Cecil, C. D., Brito, S. A., & McCrory, E. J. (2014). Amygdala response to preattentive masked fear in children with conduct problems: the role of callous-unemotional traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1109–1116.CrossRef

Vrana, S. R., Spence, E. L., & Lang, P. J. (1988). The startle probe response: a new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 487–491.CrossRefPubMed

Wells, G. L., & Windschitl, P. D. (1999). Stimulus sampling and social psychological experimentation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1115–1125.CrossRef

Titel: The Disruptive Adolescent as a Grown-Up: Predicting Adult Startle Responses to Violent and Erotic Films from Adolescent Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits
Auteurs: Melina Nicole Kyranides
Kostas A. Fanti
Georgia Panayiotou
Publicatiedatum: 30-09-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9520-z

Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
- Nieuws
- Boeken
- Tijdschriften
- E-learning
- Web-tv
- Video
- Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL