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29-09-2022 | Original Paper

Investigating the Influence of Autism Spectrum Traits on Face Processing Mechanisms in Developmental Prosopagnosia

Auteurs: Regan Fry, Xian Li, Travis C. Evans, Michael Esterman, James Tanaka, Joseph DeGutis

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Abstract

Autism traits are common exclusionary criteria in developmental prosopagnosia (DP) studies. We investigated whether autism traits produce qualitatively different face processing in 43 DPs with high vs. low autism quotient (AQ) scores. Compared to controls (n = 27), face memory and perception were similarly deficient in the high- and low-AQ DPs, with the high-AQ DP group additionally showing deficient face emotion recognition. Task-based fMRI revealed reduced occipito-temporal face selectivity in both groups, with high-AQ DPs additionally demonstrating decreased posterior superior temporal sulcus selectivity. Resting-state fMRI showed similar reduced face-selective network connectivity in both DP groups compared with controls. Together, this demonstrates that high- and low-AQ DP groups have very similar face processing deficits, with additional facial emotion deficits in high-AQ DPs.

Though the term ‘face recognition’ has been used to describe both face memory and face perception (e.g., Benton Face Recognition Test), in the present study we use the term to refer to face memory.

Although labeled ‘developmental prosopagnosics’, the diagnostic criteria were less strict than typically used in prosopagnosia studies and included individuals who did not self-report face recognition difficulties. Including individuals who had z-scores < -2 on the CFMT and who self-reported face recognition deficits on the PI20 would result in 12% of their sample having DP, which is still far greater than expected in the general population.

SDD in this study encompasses autism, Asperger’s, and pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified. As of 2013, according to the DSM-5, these disorders are included under the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

A 102-person age- and gender-matched control group collected after this study was completed had an average RMET score of 28.80 (SD = 3.57). This score was significantly higher than that of the AQ+ DP group (p = .016) but did not differ from the AQ- DP group (p = .606). Details describing this later control group are included in the supplementary materials.

Because 11 of the DPs in the AQ+ group had AQ scores below the standard clinical cut-off of 32 (Woodbury-Smith et al., 2005) suggestive of mild ASD traits, we also ran exploratory analyses on a smaller group of DPs with AQ scores equal to or above 32 (N = 4), comparing them with the AQ- group measures to evaluate if there were any behavioral differences in the group that fell above the clinical cut-off. These analyses showed very similar results and can be found in the supplementary materials.

Because our main control group was not given the RMET (see footnote 4) and z-scores were calculated using the main control group as the normative data, the RMET is excluded from this figure.

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Titel: Investigating the Influence of Autism Spectrum Traits on Face Processing Mechanisms in Developmental Prosopagnosia
Auteurs: Regan Fry
Xian Li
Travis C. Evans
Michael Esterman
James Tanaka
Joseph DeGutis
Publicatiedatum: 29-09-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05705-w

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