Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2007 | Artikelen

Het beloningssysteem in de hersenen: weten, meten en ingrijpen

Auteur: Ruud Kortekaas

Gepubliceerd in: Neuropraxis | Uitgave 2/2007

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Verslaving en depressie zijn aandoeningen waarbij het beloningssysteem is ontregeld en de motivatie en het levensgeluk ernstig zijn aangetast. Twee vragen wil ik hier beantwoorden: heeft een wetenschappelijke benadering van motivatie en geluk wel bestaansrecht en hoe zouden eventuele interventies moeten plaatsvinden?
Literatuur
go back to reference Barker, A.T., Jalinous, R. & Freeston, I.L. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1: 1106–7. Barker, A.T., Jalinous, R. & Freeston, I.L. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 1: 1106–7.
go back to reference Boileau, I., Benkelfat, C., Assad, J., Leyton, M., Pihl, R.O. & Dagher, A. (2001). Acute ethanol consumption increases synaptic dopamine in ventral striatum: a pet/11C-Raclopride study in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 13: S1029. Boileau, I., Benkelfat, C., Assad, J., Leyton, M., Pihl, R.O. & Dagher, A. (2001). Acute ethanol consumption increases synaptic dopamine in ventral striatum: a pet/11C-Raclopride study in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 13: S1029.
go back to reference Bornke, C., Schulte, T., Przuntek, H. & Muller, T. (2004). Clinical effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 68: 61–7. Bornke, C., Schulte, T., Przuntek, H. & Muller, T. (2004). Clinical effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus acute levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 68: 61–7.
go back to reference Breiter, H.C., Gollub, R.L., Weisskoff, R.M., Kennedy, D.N., Makris, N., Berke, J.D., Goodman, J.M., Kantor, H.L., Gastfriend, D.R., Riorden, J.P., Mathew, R.T., Rosen, B.R. & Hyman, S.E. (1997). Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion. Neuron 19: 591–611. Breiter, H.C., Gollub, R.L., Weisskoff, R.M., Kennedy, D.N., Makris, N., Berke, J.D., Goodman, J.M., Kantor, H.L., Gastfriend, D.R., Riorden, J.P., Mathew, R.T., Rosen, B.R. & Hyman, S.E. (1997). Acute effects of cocaine on human brain activity and emotion. Neuron 19: 591–611.
go back to reference Crow, T.J. (1971). The relation between electrical self-stimulation sites and catecholamine-containing neurones in the rat mesencephalon. Experientia 27: 662. Crow, T.J. (1971). The relation between electrical self-stimulation sites and catecholamine-containing neurones in the rat mesencephalon. Experientia 27: 662.
go back to reference Dewey, S.L., Smith, G.S., Logan, J., Brodie, J.D., Fowler, J.S. & Wolf, A.P. (1993a). Striatal binding of the pet ligand 11C-raclopride is altered by drugs that modify synaptic dopamine levels. Synapse 13: 350–6. Dewey, S.L., Smith, G.S., Logan, J., Brodie, J.D., Fowler, J.S. & Wolf, A.P. (1993a). Striatal binding of the pet ligand 11C-raclopride is altered by drugs that modify synaptic dopamine levels. Synapse 13: 350–6.
go back to reference Dewey, S.L., Smith, G.S., Logan, J., Brodie, J.D., Simkowitz, P., MacGregor, R.R., Fowler, J.S., Volkow, N.D. & Wolf, A.P. (1993b). Effects of central cholinergic blockade on striatal dopamine release measured with positron emission tomography in normal human subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90: 11816–20. Dewey, S.L., Smith, G.S., Logan, J., Brodie, J.D., Simkowitz, P., MacGregor, R.R., Fowler, J.S., Volkow, N.D. & Wolf, A.P. (1993b). Effects of central cholinergic blockade on striatal dopamine release measured with positron emission tomography in normal human subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90: 11816–20.
go back to reference Eichhammer, P., Johann, M, Kharraz, A., Binder, H., Pittrow, D., Wodarz, N. & Hajak, G. (2003). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases cigarette smoking. J Clin Psychiatry 64: 951–3. Eichhammer, P., Johann, M, Kharraz, A., Binder, H., Pittrow, D., Wodarz, N. & Hajak, G. (2003). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases cigarette smoking. J Clin Psychiatry 64: 951–3.
go back to reference Erhardt, A., Sillaber, I., Welt, T., Muller, M.B., Singewald, N. & Keck, M.E. (2004). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell of morphine-sensitized rats during abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 2074–80. Erhardt, A., Sillaber, I., Welt, T., Muller, M.B., Singewald, N. & Keck, M.E. (2004). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell of morphine-sensitized rats during abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 2074–80.
go back to reference Ferris, C.F., Snowdon, C.T., King, J.A., Sullivan, J.M. Jr., Ziegler, T.E., Olson, D.P., Schultz-Darken, N.J., Tannenbaum, P.L., Ludwig, R., Wu, Z., Einspanier, A., Vaughan, J.T. & Duong, T.Q. (2004). Activation of neural pathways associated with sexual arousal in non-human primates. J Magn Reson Imaging 19:168–75. Ferris, C.F., Snowdon, C.T., King, J.A., Sullivan, J.M. Jr., Ziegler, T.E., Olson, D.P., Schultz-Darken, N.J., Tannenbaum, P.L., Ludwig, R., Wu, Z., Einspanier, A., Vaughan, J.T. & Duong, T.Q. (2004). Activation of neural pathways associated with sexual arousal in non-human primates. J Magn Reson Imaging 19:168–75.
go back to reference Georgiadis, J.R., Kortekaas, R., Kuipers, R., Nieuwenburg, A., Pruim, J., Reinders, A.A. & Holstege, G. (2006). Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with clitorally induced orgasm in healthy women. Eur J Neurosci 24: 3305–16. Georgiadis, J.R., Kortekaas, R., Kuipers, R., Nieuwenburg, A., Pruim, J., Reinders, A.A. & Holstege, G. (2006). Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with clitorally induced orgasm in healthy women. Eur J Neurosci 24: 3305–16.
go back to reference Hamann, S. & Mao, H. (2002). Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala. Neuroreport 13: 15–9. Hamann, S. & Mao, H. (2002). Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala. Neuroreport 13: 15–9.
go back to reference Hollerman, J.R. & Schultz, W. (1998). Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nature Neuroscience 1: 304–9. Hollerman, J.R. & Schultz, W. (1998). Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nature Neuroscience 1: 304–9.
go back to reference Johann, M., Wiegand, R., Kharraz, A., Bobbe, G., Sommer, G., Hajak, G., Wodarz, N. & Eichhammer, P. (2003). [Transcranial magnetic stimulation for nicotine dependence]. Psychiatr Prax 30 Suppl 2: S129–S131. Johann, M., Wiegand, R., Kharraz, A., Bobbe, G., Sommer, G., Hajak, G., Wodarz, N. & Eichhammer, P. (2003). [Transcranial magnetic stimulation for nicotine dependence]. Psychiatr Prax 30 Suppl 2: S129–S131.
go back to reference Kanno, M., Matsumoto, M., Togashi, H., Yoshioka, M. & Mano, Y. (2004). Effects of acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dopamine release in the rat dorsolateral striatum. J Neurol Sci 217: 73–81. Kanno, M., Matsumoto, M., Togashi, H., Yoshioka, M. & Mano, Y. (2004). Effects of acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on dopamine release in the rat dorsolateral striatum. J Neurol Sci 217: 73–81.
go back to reference Keck, M.E., Sillaber, I., Ebner, K., Welt, T., Toschi, N., Kaehler, S.T., Singewald, N., Philippu, A., Elbel, G.K., Wotjak, C.T., Holsboer, F., Landgraf, R. & Engelmann, M. (2000). Acute transcranial magnetic stimulation of frontal brain regions selectively modulates the release of vasopressin, biogenic amines and amino acids in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 12: 3713–20. Keck, M.E., Sillaber, I., Ebner, K., Welt, T., Toschi, N., Kaehler, S.T., Singewald, N., Philippu, A., Elbel, G.K., Wotjak, C.T., Holsboer, F., Landgraf, R. & Engelmann, M. (2000). Acute transcranial magnetic stimulation of frontal brain regions selectively modulates the release of vasopressin, biogenic amines and amino acids in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 12: 3713–20.
go back to reference Keck, M.E., Welt, T., Muller, M.B., Erhardt, A., Ohl, F., Toschi, N., Holsboer, F. & Sillaber, I. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic and mesostriatal system. Neuropharmacology 43: 101–9. Keck, M.E., Welt, T., Muller, M.B., Erhardt, A., Ohl, F., Toschi, N., Holsboer, F. & Sillaber, I. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic and mesostriatal system. Neuropharmacology 43: 101–9.
go back to reference Knutson, B., Westdorp, A., Kaiser, E. & Hommer, D. (2000). fmri visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. Neuroimage 12: 20–7. Knutson, B., Westdorp, A., Kaiser, E. & Hommer, D. (2000). fmri visualization of brain activity during a monetary incentive delay task. Neuroimage 12: 20–7.
go back to reference Kortekaas, R., Maguire, R.P., Cremers, T.I., Dijkstra, D., van Waarde, A. & Leenders, K.L. 2004. In vivo binding behaviour of dopamine receptor agoist (+)-PD 128907 and implications for the ‘ceiling effect’ in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride ’ a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 531–5. Kortekaas, R., Maguire, R.P., Cremers, T.I., Dijkstra, D., van Waarde, A. & Leenders, K.L. 2004. In vivo binding behaviour of dopamine receptor agoist (+)-PD 128907 and implications for the ‘ceiling effect’ in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride ’ a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 531–5.
go back to reference Lee, B.C., Bing, G., Jhoo, W.K., Yoon, J.M., Kang, K.S., Shin, E.J., Kim, W.K., Ko, K.H. & Kim, H.C. (2001). Prenatal exposure to magnetic field increases dopamine levels in the striatum of offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 28: 884–6. Lee, B.C., Bing, G., Jhoo, W.K., Yoon, J.M., Kang, K.S., Shin, E.J., Kim, W.K., Ko, K.H. & Kim, H.C. (2001). Prenatal exposure to magnetic field increases dopamine levels in the striatum of offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 28: 884–6.
go back to reference Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Mawlawi, O., Hwang, D.R., Huang, Y., Cooper, T., Kegeles, L., Zarahn, E., Abi-Dargham, A., Haber, S.N. & Laruelle, M. (2003). Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23: 285–300. Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Mawlawi, O., Hwang, D.R., Huang, Y., Cooper, T., Kegeles, L., Zarahn, E., Abi-Dargham, A., Haber, S.N. & Laruelle, M. (2003). Imaging human mesolimbic dopamine transmission with positron emission tomography. Part II: amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the functional subdivisions of the striatum. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 23: 285–300.
go back to reference McClure, S.M., Berns, G.S. & Montague, P.R. (2003). Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum. Neuron 38: 339–46. McClure, S.M., Berns, G.S. & Montague, P.R. (2003). Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum. Neuron 38: 339–46.
go back to reference Mitterschiffthaler, M.T., Kumari, V., Malhi, G.S., Brown, R.G., Giampietro, V.P., Brammer, M.J., Suckling, J., Poon, L., Simmons, A., Andrew, C. & Sharma, T. (2003). Neural response to pleasant stimuli in anhedonia: an fmristudy. Neuroreport 14: 177–82. Mitterschiffthaler, M.T., Kumari, V., Malhi, G.S., Brown, R.G., Giampietro, V.P., Brammer, M.J., Suckling, J., Poon, L., Simmons, A., Andrew, C. & Sharma, T. (2003). Neural response to pleasant stimuli in anhedonia: an fmristudy. Neuroreport 14: 177–82.
go back to reference Ohnishi, T., Hayashi, T., Okabe, S., Nonaka, I., Matsuda, H., Iida, H., Imabayashi, E., Watabe, H., Miyake, Y., Ogawa, M., Teramoto, N., Ohta, Y., Ejima, N., Sawada, T. & Ugawa, Y.(2004). Endogenous dopamine release induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex: an [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography study in anesthetized macaque monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 55: 484–9. Ohnishi, T., Hayashi, T., Okabe, S., Nonaka, I., Matsuda, H., Iida, H., Imabayashi, E., Watabe, H., Miyake, Y., Ogawa, M., Teramoto, N., Ohta, Y., Ejima, N., Sawada, T. & Ugawa, Y.(2004). Endogenous dopamine release induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex: an [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography study in anesthetized macaque monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 55: 484–9.
go back to reference Olds, J. & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol 47: 419–27. Olds, J. & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol 47: 419–27.
go back to reference Pappata, S., Dehaene, S., Poline, J.B., Gregoire, M.C., Jobert, A., Delforge, J., Frouin, V., Bottlaender, M., Dolle, F., Di Giamberardino, L. & Syrota, A. (2002). In vivo detection of striatal dopamine release during reward: a pet study with [(11)C]raclopride and a single dynamic scan approach. Neuroimage 16: 1015–27. Pappata, S., Dehaene, S., Poline, J.B., Gregoire, M.C., Jobert, A., Delforge, J., Frouin, V., Bottlaender, M., Dolle, F., Di Giamberardino, L. & Syrota, A. (2002). In vivo detection of striatal dopamine release during reward: a pet study with [(11)C]raclopride and a single dynamic scan approach. Neuroimage 16: 1015–27.
go back to reference Pogarell, O., Koch, W., Popperl, G., Tatsch, K., Jakob, F., Zwanzger, P., Mulert, C., Rupprecht, R., Moller, H.J., Hegerl, U. & Padberg, F. (2005). Striatal dopamine release after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: Preliminary results of a dynamic [(123)I] ibzm spect study. J Psychiatr Res. Pogarell, O., Koch, W., Popperl, G., Tatsch, K., Jakob, F., Zwanzger, P., Mulert, C., Rupprecht, R., Moller, H.J., Hegerl, U. & Padberg, F. (2005). Striatal dopamine release after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: Preliminary results of a dynamic [(123)I] ibzm spect study. J Psychiatr Res.
go back to reference Ramsey, N.F., Kirkby, B.S., Van Gelderen, P., Berman, K.F., Duyn, J.H., Frank, J.A., Mattay, V.S., Van Horn, J.D., Esposito, G., Moonen, C.T. & Weinberger, D.R. (1996). Functional mapping of human sensorimotor cortex with 3D bold fmri correlates highly with H2(15)O pet rcbf. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 755–64. Ramsey, N.F., Kirkby, B.S., Van Gelderen, P., Berman, K.F., Duyn, J.H., Frank, J.A., Mattay, V.S., Van Horn, J.D., Esposito, G., Moonen, C.T. & Weinberger, D.R. (1996). Functional mapping of human sensorimotor cortex with 3D bold fmri correlates highly with H2(15)O pet rcbf. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 755–64.
go back to reference Schlaepfer, T.E., Pearlson, G.D., Wong, D.F., Marenco, S. & Dannals, R.F. (1997). pet study of competition between intravenous cocaine and [11C]raclopride at dopamine receptors in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 154: 1209–13. Schlaepfer, T.E., Pearlson, G.D., Wong, D.F., Marenco, S. & Dannals, R.F. (1997). pet study of competition between intravenous cocaine and [11C]raclopride at dopamine receptors in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 154: 1209–13.
go back to reference Shaul, U., Ben Shachar, D., Karry, R. & Klein, E. (2003). Modulation of frequency and duration of repetitive magnetic stimulation affects catecholamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in human neuroblastoma cells: implication for the antidepressant effect of rtms. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6: 233–41. Shaul, U., Ben Shachar, D., Karry, R. & Klein, E. (2003). Modulation of frequency and duration of repetitive magnetic stimulation affects catecholamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in human neuroblastoma cells: implication for the antidepressant effect of rtms. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 6: 233–41.
go back to reference Shimamoto, H., Takasaki, K., Shigemori, M., Imaizumi, T., Ayabe, M. & Shoji, H. (2001). Therapeutic effect and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 248 Suppl 3: III48–III52. Shimamoto, H., Takasaki, K., Shigemori, M., Imaizumi, T., Ayabe, M. & Shoji, H. (2001). Therapeutic effect and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 248 Suppl 3: III48–III52.
go back to reference Sieron, A., Labus, L., Nowak, P., Cieslar, G., Brus, H., Durczok, A., Zagzil, T., Kostrzewa, R.M. & Brus, R. (2004). Alternating extremely low frequency magnetic field increases turnover of dopamine and serotonin in rat frontal cortex. Bioelectromagnetics 25: 426–30. Sieron, A., Labus, L., Nowak, P., Cieslar, G., Brus, H., Durczok, A., Zagzil, T., Kostrzewa, R.M. & Brus, R. (2004). Alternating extremely low frequency magnetic field increases turnover of dopamine and serotonin in rat frontal cortex. Bioelectromagnetics 25: 426–30.
go back to reference Small, D.M., Jones-Gotman, M. & Dagher, A. (2003). Feeding-induced dopamine release in dorsal striatum correlates with meal pleasantness ratings in healthy human volunteers. Neuroimage 19: 1709–15. Small, D.M., Jones-Gotman, M. & Dagher, A. (2003). Feeding-induced dopamine release in dorsal striatum correlates with meal pleasantness ratings in healthy human volunteers. Neuroimage 19: 1709–15.
go back to reference Strafella, A.P., Paus, T., Barrett, J. & Dagher, A. (2001). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex induces dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. J Neurosci 21: RC157. Strafella, A.P., Paus, T., Barrett, J. & Dagher, A. (2001). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex induces dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. J Neurosci 21: RC157.
go back to reference Strafella, A.P., Paus, T., Fraraccio, M., Dagher, A. (2003). Striatal dopamine release induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 126: 2609–15. Strafella, A.P., Paus, T., Fraraccio, M., Dagher, A. (2003). Striatal dopamine release induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 126: 2609–15.
go back to reference Udo de Haes, J.I., Kortekaas, R., van Waarde, A., Maguire, R.P., Pruim, J. & den Boer, J.A. (2005). Assessment of methylphenidate-induced changes in binding of continuously infused [(11)C]-raclopride in healthy human subjects: correlation with subjective effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1–9. Udo de Haes, J.I., Kortekaas, R., van Waarde, A., Maguire, R.P., Pruim, J. & den Boer, J.A. (2005). Assessment of methylphenidate-induced changes in binding of continuously infused [(11)C]-raclopride in healthy human subjects: correlation with subjective effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1–9.
go back to reference Vollenweider, F.X., Vontobel, P., Hell, D. & Leenders, K.L. (1999). 5-ht modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin- induced psychosis in man’a pet study with [11C]raclopride. Neuropsychopharmacology 20: 424–33. Vollenweider, F.X., Vontobel, P., Hell, D. & Leenders, K.L. (1999). 5-ht modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin- induced psychosis in man’a pet study with [11C]raclopride. Neuropsychopharmacology 20: 424–33.
go back to reference Vollenweider, F.X., Vontobel, P., Øye, I., Hell, D. & Leenders, K.L. (2000). Effects of (S)-ketamine on striatal dopamine: a [11C]raclopride pet study of a model psychosis in humans. J Psychiatr Res 34: 35–43. Vollenweider, F.X., Vontobel, P., Øye, I., Hell, D. & Leenders, K.L. (2000). Effects of (S)-ketamine on striatal dopamine: a [11C]raclopride pet study of a model psychosis in humans. J Psychiatr Res 34: 35–43.
go back to reference Zangen, A. & Hyodo, K. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces increases in extracellular levels of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. Neuroreport 13: 2401–5. Zangen, A. & Hyodo, K. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces increases in extracellular levels of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. Neuroreport 13: 2401–5.
go back to reference Zwanzger, P., Ella, R., Keck, M.E., Rupprecht, R. & Padberg, F. (2002). Occurrence of delusions during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 51: 602–3. Zwanzger, P., Ella, R., Keck, M.E., Rupprecht, R. & Padberg, F. (2002). Occurrence of delusions during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 51: 602–3.
Metagegevens
Titel
Het beloningssysteem in de hersenen: weten, meten en ingrijpen
Auteur
Ruud Kortekaas
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2007
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Neuropraxis / Uitgave 2/2007
Print ISSN: 1387-5817
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5785
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03079122

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2007

Neuropraxis 2/2007 Naar de uitgave

Signalement

Artikelen

Woorden vooraf

Woorden vooraf