Top

Mindfulness

Gepubliceerd in:

04-04-2024 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Virtual Reality Training on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Chinese University Students

Auteurs: Lange Zheng, Wangze Li, Shaogang Song, Xuemiao Xiao, Su Rou Low, Yue Zhang, Xiaoyu Yu, Yan Peng

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 4/2024

Abstract

Objectives

To examine the effects of mindfulness-based Virtual Reality (VR) and relaxing music VR on relieving anxiety, stress, and depression in Chinese university students, respectively.

Method

A 2-week virtual reality intervention was conducted among university students in China. Sixty participants were randomized to three groups namely: (1)“Mindfulness VR”, (2) “Relaxing Music VR”, or (3) “Blank Control”. Participants' depression, anxiety, and stress levels were measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a 12-week follow-up. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired-sample t-tests were performed to compare the effects of interventions on negative emotions outcomes.

Results

As compared to the control group, Mindfulness VR group and Relaxing Music VR group led to a decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The least significant difference test showed that Mindfulness VR group performed the best in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress levels. However, the paired-samples t-test showed no statistically significant differences in depression, anxiety, and stress levels across the three groups at both the 2-week and 12-week follow-up periods.

Conclusions

Both Mindfulness VR and Relaxing Music VR were effective psychological interventions in alleviating negative emotions. As compared to Relaxing Music VR, Mindfulness VR was found to be significantly more effective. Therefore, future efforts could focus on enhancing the Mindfulness VR intervention to benefit more university students. Besides that, further research should also be conducted to confirm the long-term impact of both interventions on alleviating negative emotions.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

vorige artikel Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention Program Improves Mental Health, Well-Being, and Productivity

volgende artikel Online Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Subacute Pain After Total Hip or Knee Replacement: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Andersen, T., Anisimovaite, G., Christiansen, A., Hussein, M., Lund, C., Nielsen, T., Nilsson, N. C., Nordahl, R., & Serafin, S. (2017). A preliminary study of users' experiences of meditation in virtual reality [Paper presentation]. 2017 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2017.7892317

Anderson, A. P., Mayer, M. D., Fellows, A. M., Cowan, D. R., Hegel, M. T., & Buckey, J. C. (2017). Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 88(6), 520–526. https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.4747.2017CrossRefPubMed

Appel, L., Appel, E., Bogler, O., Wiseman, M., Cohen, L., Ein, N., Abrams, H. B., & Campos, J. L. (2020). Older adults with cognitive and/or physical impairments can benefit from immersive virtual reality experiences: A feasibility study. Frontiers in Medicine, 6, 329. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00329CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Arpaia, P., D’Errico, G., De Paolis, L. T., Moccaldi, N., & Nuccetelli, F. (2022). A narrative review of mindfulness-based interventions using virtual reality. Mindfulness, 13(3), 556–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01783-6CrossRef

Asif, S., Mudassar, A., Shahzad, T. Z., Raouf, M., & Pervaiz, T. (2020). Frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(5), 971–976. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1873CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015CrossRef

Barreda-Ángeles, M., & Hartmann, T. (2022). Hooked on the metaverse? Exploring the prevalence of addiction to virtual reality applications. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, 1031697. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2022.1031697CrossRef

Bauer, C. C. C., Rozenkrantz, L., Caballero, C., Nieto-Castanon, A., Scherer, E., West, M. R., Mrazek, M., Phillips, D. T., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. (2020). Mindfulness training preserves sustained attention and resting state anticorrelation between default-mode network and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A randomized controlled trial. Human Brain Mapping, 41(18), 5356–5369. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25197CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bennett, M. P., Knight, R., Patel, S., So, T., Dunning, D., Barnhofer, T., Smith, P., Kuyken, W., Ford, T., & Dalgleish, T. (2021). Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: A narrative review and insight report. Translational Psychiatry, 11(288), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01397-5CrossRef

Berto, R. (2014). The role of nature in coping with psycho-physiological stress: A literature review on restorativeness. Behavioral Sciences, 4(4), 394–409. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4040394CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bojic, L. (2022). Metaverse through the prism of power and addiction: What will happen when the virtual world becomes more attractive than reality? European Journal of Futures Research, 10(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-022-00208-4CrossRef

Bowman, D. A., & McMahan, R. P. (2007). Virtual reality: How much immersion is enough? Computer, 40(7), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2007.257CrossRef

Bremer, B., Wu, Q., Mora Álvarez, M. G., Hölzel, B. K., Wilhelm, M., Hell, E., Tavacioglu, E. E., Torske, A., & Koch, K. (2022). Mindfulness meditation increases default mode, salience, and central executive network connectivity. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13219. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17325-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brooks, H., Oughli, H. A., Kamel, L., Subramanian, S., Morgan, G., Blumberger, D. M., Kloeckner, J., Kumar, S., Mulsant, B. H., Lenze, E. J., & Rajji, T. K. (2021). Enhancing cognition in older persons with depression or anxiety with a combination of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness, 12(12), 3047–3059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01764-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Butt, M., Kabariti, S., Likourezos, A., Drapkin, J., Hossain, R., Brazg, J., & Motov, S. (2022). Take-Pause: Efficacy of mindfulness-based virtual reality as an intervention in the pediatric emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine, 29(3), 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14412CrossRefPubMed

Cai, S. (2015). Leisure patterns and constraints reported by selected Chinese university students [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Waterloo.

Carl, E., Stein, A. T., Levihn-Coon, A., Pogue, J. R., Rothbaum, B., Emmelkamp, P., Asmundson, G. J. G., Carlbring, P., & Powers, M. B. (2019). Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 61, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.003CrossRefPubMed

Casey, S. M., Varela, A., Marriott, J. P., Coleman, C. M., & Harlow, B. L. (2022). The influence of diagnosed mental health conditions and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety on suicide ideation, plan, and attempt among college students: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study, 2018–2019. Journal of Affective Disorders, 298, 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.006CrossRefPubMed

Castro, W. P., Sánchez, M. J. R., González, C. T. P., Bethencourt, J. M., de la Fuente Portero, J. A., & Marco, R. G. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral treatment and antidepressants combined with virtual reality exposure for patients with chronic agoraphobia. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 14(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-2600(14)70032-8CrossRef

Cebolla, A., Herrero, R., Ventura, S., Miragall, M., Bellosta-Batalla, M., Llorens, R., & Baños, R. M. (2019). Putting oneself in the body of others: A pilot study on the efficacy of an embodied virtual reality system to generate self-compassion. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01521CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404CrossRefPubMed

Costa, M., Bergen-Cico, D., Grant, T., Herrero, R., Navarro, J., Razza, R., & Wang, Q. (2019). Nature inspired scenes for guided mindfulness training: Presence, perceived restorativeness and mediation depth. In D. D. Schmorrow & C. M. Fidopiastis (Eds.), Augmented Cognition: 13th International Conference, AC 2019, Held as Part of the 21st HCI International Conference, HCII 2019, Orlando, FL, USA, July 26–31, 2019, Proceedings (pp. 517–532). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_37

da Silva, C. C. G., Bolognani, C. V., Amorim, F. F., & Imoto, A. M. (2023). Effectiveness of training programs based on mindfulness in reducing psychological distress and promoting well-being in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02244-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dantas Silva, J. (2019). Aurora-a study on the guided meditation using immersive media [Master’s thesis, Malmö University]. Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkive. https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20253

Dernbecher, S., & Beck, R. (2017). The concept of mindfulness in information systems research: A multi-dimensional analysis. European Journal of Information Systems, 26(2), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41303-016-0032-zCrossRef

Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Academic Medicine, 81(4), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009CrossRefPubMed

Fu, W., Yan, S., Zong, Q., Anderson-Luxford, D., Song, X., Lv, Z., & Lv, C. (2021). Mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 280, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.032CrossRefPubMed

Galante, J., Stochl, J., Dufour, G., Vainre, M., Wagner, A. P., & Jones, P. B. (2021). Effectiveness of providing university students with a mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress: 1-year follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 75(2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214390CrossRefPubMed

Gao, L., Xie, Y., Jia, C., & Wang, W. (2020). Prevalence of depression among Chinese university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15897. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72998-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

García-Batista, Z. E., Guerra-Peña, K., Alsina-Jurnet, I., Cano-Vindel, A., Álvarez-Hernández, A., Cantisano-Guzmán, L. M., Bordas-Puras, M., Moretti, L., & Medrano, L. A. (2022). Design and validation of virtual environments for the treatment of cleaning obsessive-compulsive disorder. Heliyon, 8, e12487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12487CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gardi, C., Fazia, T., Stringa, B., & Giommi, F. (2022). A short mindfulness retreat can improve biological markers of stress and inflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 135, 105579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105579CrossRefPubMed

Geng, J., & Wu, X. (2021). Application of virtual reality technology in university education [Paper presentation]. 2021 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (ICAIE), Dali, China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIE53562.2021.00104

Giachos, D., Paschali, M., Datko, M. C., et al. (2022). Characterizing nature videos for an attention placebo control for MBSR: The development of Nature-Based Stress Reduction (NBSR). Mindfulness, 13(6), 1577–1589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01903-wCrossRef

Gromala, D., Tong, X., Choo, A., Karamnejad, M., & Shaw, C. D. (2015). The virtual meditative walk: Virtual reality therapy for chronic pain management [Paper presentation]. The 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702344

Han, D. I. D., Bergs, Y., & Moorhouse, N. (2022). Virtual reality consumer experience escapes: Preparing for the metaverse. Virtual Reality, 26(4), 1443–1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00641-7CrossRef

Hatta, M. H., Sidi, H., Siew Koon, C., CheRoos, N. A., Sharip, S., Abdul Samad, F. D., Wan Xi, O., Das, S., & Mohamed Saini, S. (2022). Virtual reality (VR) technology for treatment of mental health problems during COVID-19: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5389. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095389CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Heller, A. T., Berg, S. S., & Prichard, J. R. (2023). University housing reinforces the negative relationship between interpersonal violence, psychological distress, and suicidality in undergraduates, particularly among gender diverse students. Journal of American College Health, 71(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1878186CrossRefPubMed

Holsapple, C. W., & Wu, J. (2007). User acceptance of virtual worlds: The hedonic framework. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 38(4), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.1145/1314234.1314250CrossRef

Ilioudi, M., Wallström, S., Steingrimsson, S., Lindner, P., Thunström, A. O., & Ali, L. (2023). Patient experience of a virtual reality calm room in a psychiatric inpatient care setting in Sweden: a qualitative study with inpatients. BMJ Open, 13(12), e076285. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076285CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Jerdan, S. W., Grindle, M., Van Woerden, H. C., & Boulos, M. N. K. (2018). Head-mounted virtual reality and mental health: Critical review of current research. JMIR Serious Games, 6(3), e9226. https://doi.org/10.2196/games.9226CrossRef

Jourabloo, A., Gecer, B., Torre, F.D., Saragih, J., Wei, S., Wang, T., Lombardi, S., Belko, D., Trimble, A., & Badino, H. (2022). The efficacy of a virtual reality-based mindfulness intervention [Paper presentation]. 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), New Orleans, LA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.01968

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2015). Mindfulness. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1481–1483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0456-xCrossRef

Kalkbrenner, M. T., Jolley, A. L., & Hays, D. G. (2021). Faculty views on college student mental health: Implications for retention and student success. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 23(3), 636–658. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025119867639CrossRef

Kamińska, D., Smółka, K., Zwoliński, G., Wiak, S., Merecz-Kot, D., & Anbarjafari, G. (2020). Stress reduction using bilateral stimulation in virtual reality. IEEE Access, 8, 200351–200366. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035540CrossRef

Kampa, M., Finke, J., Stalder, T., Bucher, L., Klapperich, H., Mertl, F., Zimmer, C., Geiger, C., Hassenzahl, M., & Klucken, T. (2022). Facilitating relaxation and stress reduction in healthy participants through a virtual reality intervention: Study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Trials, 23(1), 380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06307-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2CrossRef

Kaplan, S., & Berman, M. G. (2010). Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691609356784CrossRefPubMed

Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Johnson, K. R., & Wojdynski, T. (2021). The impact of virtual reality meditation on college students’ exam performance. Smart Learning Environments, 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-021-00166-7

Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R. P., Bantjes, J., Bruffaerts, R., Ebert, D. D., Hasking, P., Kiekens, G., Lee, S., McLafferty, M., Mak, A., Mortier, P., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Vilagut, G., & Kessler, R. C. (2020). Sources of stress and their associations with mental disorders among college students: Results of the world health organization world mental health surveys international college student initiative. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kim, K.-I., Won, H., Liu, X., Liu, P., & Kitanishi, K. (1997). Students’ Stress in China, Japan and Korea: A Transcultural Study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 43(2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076409704300202CrossRefPubMed

King, N., Pickett, W., McNevin, S. H., Bowie, C. R., Rivera, D., Keown-Stoneman, C., Harkness, K., Cunningham, S., Milanovic, M., Saunders, K. E. A., Goodday, S., Duffy, A., U-Flourish Student Well-Being and Academic Success Research Group. (2021). Mental health need of students at entry to university: Baseline findings from the U-flourish student well-being and academic success study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 15(2), 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12939CrossRefPubMed

Kosunen, I., Salminen, M., Järvelä, S., Ruonala, A., Ravaja, N., & Jacucci, G. (2016). RelaWorld: Neuroadaptive and Immersive Virtual Reality Meditation System [Paper presentation]. The 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Sonoma, California, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2856767.2856796

Kothgassner, O. D., Goreis, A., Kafka, J. X., Kaufmann, M., Atteneder, K., Beutl, L., Hennig-Fast, K., Hlavacs, H., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Virtual social support buffers stress response: An experimental comparison of real-life and virtual support prior to a social stressor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 63, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.11.003CrossRefPubMed

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Krumholz, M. F., Pinnell, C., & Sullivan, D. (2022). Effectiveness of brief mindfulness practice for enhancing graduate students’ attention. Psychology & Neuroscience, 15(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/pne0000268CrossRef

Kuyken, W., Hayes, R., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Dalgleish, T., Kessler, D., Lewis, G., Watkins, E., Brejcha, C., Cardy, J., Causley, A., Cowderoy, S., Evans, A., Gradinger, F., Kaur, S., Lanham, P., Morant, N., Richards, J., Shah, P., … Byford, S. (2015). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 386(9988), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62222-4

Lai, M., & Chung, S.W. (2021). TranScent in Stillness: Exploring the feasibility of using Incense Art with virtual reality for meditation. 10th International Conference on Digital and Interactive Arts (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.1145/3483529.3483535

Lee, L. H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.05352

Leung, G., Hazan, H., & Chan, C. (2022). Exposure to nature in immersive virtual reality increases connectedness to nature among people with low nature affinity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101863CrossRef

Li, W., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Hu, X., Mu, F., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2023). The mediating effects of dysfunctional attitudes and moderating effect of sex between stressful life events and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 10910. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38103-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Liszio, S., & Masuch, M. (2019). Interactive immersive virtual environments cause relaxation and enhance resistance to acute stress. Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine, 17, 65–71.

Liu, X. Q., Guo, Y. X., & Xu, Y. (2023). Risk factors and digital interventions for anxiety disorders in college students: Stakeholder perspectives. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 11(7), 1442–1457. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i7.1442CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lothes, J. E., II., Matney, S., Naseer, Z., & Pfyffer, R. (2023). Sitting meditation and mindfulness effects on overall anxiety and test anxiety among college students. Mind, Brain, and Education, 17, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12344CrossRef

Lu, W., Bian, Q., Wang, W., Wu, X., Wang, Z., & Zhao, M. (2017). Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10: A psychometric study in Chinese university students. PLoS ONE, 12(12), e0189543. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189543CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lyzwinski, L. N., Caffery, L., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2019). The mindfulness app trial for weight, weight-related behaviors, and stress in university students: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(4), e12210. https://doi.org/10.2196/12210CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ma, H., Bian, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, C., Geng, W., Zhang, F., Liu, J., & Yang, C. (2021). Exploring the effect of virtual reality relaxation environment on white coat hypertension in blood pressure measurement. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 116, 103721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103721CrossRefPubMed

Ma, J., Zhao, D., Xu, N., & Yang, J. (2022a). The effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) based mindfulness training on improvement mental-health in adults: A narrative systematic review. Explore, 19(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.001CrossRefPubMed

Ma, Y., Zhang, B., Meng, Y., Cao, Y., Mao, Y., & Qiu, C. (2022b). Perceived stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model of biorhythm and ego resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 951717. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.951717CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mahmud, A. A. E., Zakaria, H., Yusoff, M. Z. M., Jaafar, N. R. N., Baharudin, A., & Tamil, A. M. (2022). Brief virtual reality exposure therapy and its effects on negative and positive emotions among healthy working adults: A feasibility study. Alpha Psychiatry, 23(5), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2022.21781CrossRef

Malik, B. M. (2022). The benefits of mindfulness meditation: A comprehensive guide. Jahan-e-Tahqeeq, 5(1), 412–420. https://www.jahan-e-tahqeeq.com/index.php/jahan-e-tahqeeq/article/view/884.

Margaryan, A., Littlejohn, A., & Vojt, G. (2011). Are digital natives a myth or reality? University students’ use of digital technologies. Computers & Education, 56(2), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.09.004CrossRef

Matsuda, E., & Kikutani, M. (2022). The interactive influence of life stressor and sleep disturbance on depression: a cross-sectional examination on Chinese and Japanese University Students. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221086610

Mayer, G., Gronewold, N., Polte, K., Hummel, S., Barniske, J., Korbel, J. J., Zarnekow, R., & Schultz, J. H. (2022). Experiences of patients and therapists testing a virtual reality exposure app for symptoms of claustrophobia: Mixed methods study. JMIR Mental Health, 9(12), e40056. https://doi.org/10.2196/40056CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meehan, M., Insko, B., Whitton, M., & Brooks, F. P., Jr. (2002). Physiological measures of presence in stressful virtual environments. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 21(3), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.1145/566654.566630CrossRef

Mimnaugh, K. J. (2018). Investigating how mindfulness promotes the restorative effects of nature exposure in virtual reality [Master's thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign], Graduate Dissertations and Theses at Illinois. Retrieved 6 Mar 2022, from https://hdl.handle.net/2142/101079

Modrego-Alarcón, M., López-Del-Hoyo, Y., García-Campayo, J., Pérez-Aranda, A., Navarro-Gil, M., Beltrán-Ruiz, M., Morillo, H., Delgado-Suarez, I., Oliván-Arévalo, R., & Montero-Marin, J. (2021). Efficacy of a mindfulness-based programme with and without virtual reality support to reduce stress in university students: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 142, 103866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103866CrossRefPubMed

Morris, S. B. (2008). Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 364–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106291059CrossRef

Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2013). Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological Science, 24(5), 776–781. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459659CrossRefPubMed

Navarro-Haro, M. V., López-Del-Hoyo, Y., Campos, D., Linehan, M. M., Hoffman, H. G., García-Palacios, A., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Borao, L., & García-Campayo, J. (2017). Meditation experts try virtual reality mindfulness: A pilot study evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness practice in people attending a mindfulness conference. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0187777. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187777CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Navarro-Haro, M. V., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Hoffman, H. G., López-Montoyo, A., Navarro-Gil, M., Montero-Marin, J., García-Palacios, A., Borao, L., & García-Campayo, J. (2019). Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention with and without virtual reality Dialectical Behavior Therapy® mindfulness skills training for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: A pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00055

Naylor, M., Morrison, B., Ridout, B., & Campbell, A. (2019). Augmented experiences: Investigating the feasibility of virtual reality as part of a workplace wellbeing intervention. Interacting with Computers, 31(5), 507–523. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwz033CrossRef

Niedermeier, J., Mumba, M. N., Barron, K., Andrabi, M., Martin, R., & McDiarmid, A. (2022). Relationships among exercise, mindfulness, mental health, and academic achievement among prelicensure nursing students. Nurse Educator, 47(3), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001106CrossRefPubMed

Noronha, H., & Campos, P. (2021). Harnessing virtual reality nature to promote well-being. Interacting with Computers, 33(4), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwac004CrossRef

Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Oh, J., Kim, S., Lee, S., Jeong, S., Ko, S. H., & Bae, J. (2021). A liquid metal based multimodal sensor and haptic feedback device for thermal and tactile sensation generation in virtual reality. Advanced Functional Materials, 31(39), 2007772. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007772CrossRef

Oliveira, T., Noriega, P., Carvalhais, J., Rebelo, F., Lameira, V. (2020). How Deep Is a Virtual Reality Experience? Virtual Environments, Emotions and Physiological Measures. In F. Rebelo & M. Soares (Eds.), Advances in Ergonomics in Design: Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, July 24–28, 2019, Washington DC, USA 10 (pp. 462–471). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20227-9_43

Ørskov, P. T., Lichtenstein, M. B., Ernst, M. T., Fasterholdt, I., Matthiesen, A. F., Scirea, M., Bouchard, S., & Andersen, T. E. (2022). Cognitive behavioral therapy with adaptive virtual reality exposure vs. cognitive behavioral therapy with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 991755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991755CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Paes, D., Irizarry, J., Billinghurst, M., & Pujoni, D. (2023). Investigating the relationship between three-dimensional perception and presence in virtual reality-reconstructed architecture. Applied Ergonomics, 109, 103953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103953CrossRefPubMed

Pizzoli, S. F. M., Mazzocco, K., Triberti, S., Monzani, D., Alcañiz Raya, M. L., & Pravettoni, G. (2019). User-centered virtual reality for promoting relaxation: An innovative approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00479CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Planert, J., Machulska, A., Hildebrand, A. S., Roesmann, K., Otto, E., & Klucken, T. (2022). Self-guided digital treatment with virtual reality for panic disorder and agoraphobia: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 23(1), 426. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-022-06366-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Popa, C. O., Sava, F. A., Muresan, S., Schenk, A., Cojocaru, C. M., Muntean, L. M., & Olah, P. (2022). Standard CBT versus integrative and multimodal CBT assisted by virtual-reality for generalized anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1008981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008981CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Proulx, K. (2003). Integrating mindfulness-based stress reduction. Holistic Nursing Practice, 17(4), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004650-200307000-00007CrossRefPubMed

Ren, L., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Wei, Z., Cui, L. B., Wei, X., Hu, X., Peng, J., Jin, Y., Li, F., Yang, Q., & Liu, X. (2021). Network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese female nursing students. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03276-1CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Riches, S., & Smith, H. (2022). Taking a break in the “new normal”: Virtual reality relaxation for a stressed workforce. Mental Health Review Journal, 27(2), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-06-2022-095CrossRef

Riches, S., Azevedo, L., Bird, L., Pisani, S., & Valmaggia, L. (2021). Virtual reality relaxation for the general population: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(10), 1707–1727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02110-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Riva, G., Wiederhold, B., & Mantovani, F. (2019). Neuroscience of virtual reality: From virtual exposure to embodied medicine. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.29099.griCrossRefPubMed

Rosset, M., Baumann, E., & Altenmüller, E. (2022). A longitudinal study of physical and mental health and health-related attitudes among music students: Potentials and challenges for university health promotion programs. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 885739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.885739CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sapra, A., Bhandari, P., Sharma, S., Chanpura, T., & Lopp, L. (2020). Using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) and GAD-7 in a primary care setting. Cureus, 12(5), e8224. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8224

Sarpourian, F., Samad-Soltani, T., Moulaei, K., & Bahaadinbeigy, K. (2022). The effect of virtual reality therapy and counseling on students’ public speaking anxiety. Health Science Reports, 5(5), e816. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.816CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Seabrook, E., Kelly, R., Foley, F., Theiler, S., Thomas, N., Wadley, G., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2020). Understanding how virtual reality can support mindfulness practice: Mixed methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(3), e16106. https://doi.org/10.2196/16106CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Segawa, T., Baudry, T., Bourla, A., Blanc, J. V., Peretti, C. S., Mouchabac, S., & Ferreri, F. (2020). Virtual reality (VR) in assessment and treatment of addictive disorders: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01409CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shadiev, R., Yang, L., & Huang, Y. M. (2022). A review of research on 360-degree video and its applications to education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(5), 784–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1928572CrossRef

Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2015). The science of mind wandering: Empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 487–518. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015331CrossRefPubMed

Stankov, L. (2010). Unforgiving Confucian culture: A breeding ground for high academic achievement, test anxiety and self-doubt? Learning and Individual Differences, 20(6), 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.05.003CrossRef

Sun, J., Liang, K., Chi, X., & Chen, S. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item (GAD-7) in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. Healthcare, 9(12), 1709. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121709CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tang, R., Friston, K. J., & Tang, Y. Y. (2020). Brief mindfulness meditation induces gray matter changes in a brain hub. Neural Plasticity, 2020, 8830005. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8830005CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tay, J. L., Xie, H., & Sim, K. (2023). Effectiveness of augmented and virtual reality-based interventions in improving knowledge, attitudes, empathy and stigma regarding people with mental illnesses: A scoping review. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010112CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Valim, C. P. R. A. T., Marques, L. M., & Boggio, P. S. (2019). A positive emotional-based meditation but not mindfulness-based meditation improves emotion regulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 647. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00647CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

van Meggelen, M., Morina, N., van der Heiden, C., Brinkman, W. P., Yocarini, I. E., Tielman, M. L., Rodenburg, J., van Ee, E., van Schie, K., Broekman, M. E., & Franken, I. H. A. (2022). A randomized controlled trial to pilot the efficacy of a computer-based intervention with elements of virtual reality and limited therapist assistance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Frontiers in Digital Health, 18(4), 974668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.974668CrossRef

Vidyarthi, J., Riecke, B. E., & Gromala, D. (2012). Sonic Cradle: designing for an immersive experience of meditation by connecting respiration to music [Paper presentation]. Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2012, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. https://doi.org/10.1145/2317956.2318017

Villani, D., & Riva, G. (2012). Does interactive media enhance the management of stress? Suggestions from a controlled study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0141CrossRefPubMed

Vorontsova-Wenger, O., Ghisletta, P., Ababkov, V., Bondolfi, G., & Barisnikov, K. (2022). Short mindfulness-based intervention for psychological and academic outcomes among university students. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 35(2), 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.1931143CrossRefPubMed

Wang, J. (2023). Research on employment anxiety of college graduates based on Self Efficacy Theory. Advances in Psychology, 13(5), 1876–1880. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2023.135229CrossRef

Wang, Z., Li, Y., An, J., Dong, W., Li, H., Ma, H., Wang, J., Wu, J., Jiang, T., & Wang, G. (2022). Effects of restorative environment and presence on anxiety and depression based on interactive virtual reality scenarios. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137878CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang, T., Yao, Z., Liu, Q., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Wong, J.P.-H., Vahabi, M., & Jia, C. (2023). The mediating effect of stress between extracurricular activities and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043105CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474698565686CrossRef

Wu, D., Yu, L., Yang, T., Cottrell, R., Peng, S., Guo, W., & Jiang, S. (2020). The impacts of uncertainty stress on mental disorders of Chinese college students: Evidence from a nationwide study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 243. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00243CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Xu, W., Liang, H. N., Baghaei, N., Ma, X., Yu, K., Meng, X., & Wen, S. (2021). Effects of an immersive virtual reality exergame on university students’ anxiety, depression, and perceived stress: Pilot feasibility and usability study. JMIR Serious Games, 9(4), e29330. https://doi.org/10.2196/29330CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yang, M. (2018). Application of virtual reality technology in college students' mental health education. First International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Control Engineering (pp. 1–6). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1087/6/062056

Yildirim, C., & O’Grady, T. (2020). The efficacy of a virtual reality-based mindfulness intervention [Paper presentation]. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), Utrecht, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIVR50618.2020.00035

Yu, Y., Yan, W., Yu, J., Xu, Y., Wang, D., & Wang, Y. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of complains on depression, anxiety, and stress in university students: An extensive population-based survey in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 842378. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842378CrossRef

Yun, M. R., Shin, N., Kim, H., Jang, I. S., Ha, M. J., & Yu, B. (2020). Effects of school-based meditation courses on self-reflection, academic attention, and subjective well-being in South Korean middle school students. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 54, e61–e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.05.002CrossRefPubMed

Zhai, X., Wu, N., Koriyama, S., Wang, C., Shi, M., Huang, T., Wang, K., Sawada, S. S., & Fan, X. (2021). Mediating effect of perceived stress on the association between physical activity and sleep quality among Chinese college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010289CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Hua, H., Jin, J., Zhu, L., Shu, L., Xu, X., Kuang, F., & Liu, Y. (2021). Relaxation degree analysis Using Frontal Electroencephalogram under virtual reality relaxation scenes. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 719869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.719869CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhang, S., Chen, M., Yang, N., Lu, S., & Ni, S. (2023). Effectiveness of VR based mindfulness on psychological and physiological health: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 42, 5033–5045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01777-6CrossRef

Zheng, G., Zhang, Q., & Ran, G. (2023). The association between academic stress and test anxiety in college students: The mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the moderating role of parental expectations. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1008679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1008679CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhou, S. J., Wang, L. L., Qi, M., Yang, X. J., Gao, L., Zhang, S. Y., Zhang, L. G., Yang, R., & Chen, J. X. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 669833. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669833CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Virtual Reality Training on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Chinese University Students
Auteurs: Lange Zheng
Wangze Li
Shaogang Song
Xuemiao Xiao
Su Rou Low
Yue Zhang
Xiaoyu Yu
Yan Peng
Publicatiedatum: 04-04-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 4/2024
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02335-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Method

Results

Conclusions

Preregistration

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2024

Online Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Subacute Pain After Total Hip or Knee Replacement: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention Program Improves Mental Health, Well-Being, and Productivity

The Efficacy of a Group Program Integrating Compassionate Mind Training with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for College Students With Test Anxiety in Mainland China

Tracing the Path Toward Mindfulness Back to Its Origins: Linking Tenets of Buddhism to Mindfulness Within the Buddhism-Informed Unified Flexibility and Mindfulness (BI-UFM) Model

Seeing the Void: Experiencing Emptiness and Awareness with the Headless Way Technique

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People Experiencing Psychosis: A Randomized Feasibility Study